Burning of Cork (original) (raw)
Ionsaí de chuid an IRA i gcathair Chorcaí a spreag an t-ionsaí is míchlúití ar fad a rinne fórsaí na Corónach le linn Chogadh na Saoirse, éiric a dtugann an pobal cois Laoi ‘Dó Chorcaí’ air le teann cuibhiúlachta. Oíche an 11/12 Nollaig 1920, rinne Póilíní Cúnta an RIC scrios sa gcathair.
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| dbo:abstract | The burning of Cork (Irish: Dó Chorcaí) by British forces took place on the night of 11–12 December 1920, during the Irish War of Independence. It followed an Irish Republican Army (IRA) ambush of a British Auxiliary patrol in the city, which wounded twelve Auxiliaries, one fatally. In retaliation, the Auxiliaries, Black and Tans and British soldiers burned homes near the ambush site, before looting and burning numerous buildings in the centre of Cork, Ireland's third-biggest city. Many civilians reported being beaten, shot at, and robbed by British forces. Firefighters testified that British forces hindered their attempts to tackle the blazes by intimidation, cutting their hoses and shooting at them. Two unarmed IRA volunteers were also shot dead at their home in the north of the city. More than 40 business premises, 300 residential properties, the City Hall and Carnegie Library were destroyed by fires, many of which were started by incendiary bombs. The economic damage was estimated at over £3 million (equivalent to €155 million in 2019), while 2,000 were left jobless and many more became homeless. British forces carried out many similar reprisals on Irish civilians during the war, notably the Sack of Balbriggan three months before, but the burning of Cork was one of the most substantial. The British government at first denied that its forces had started the fires, and only agreed to hold a military inquiry. This concluded that a company of Auxiliaries were responsible, but the government refused to publish the report at the time. No one was held accountable for the burning. (en) L'incendie de Cork a eu lieu dans la nuit du 11 au 12 décembre 1920, au cours de la guerre d'indépendance irlandaise. Il est déclenché par les forces britanniques. Il fait suite à une embuscade de l'armée républicaine irlandaise (IRA) contre une patrouille de l'Auxiliary Division dans la ville, blessant 12 membres de celle-ci dont un mortellement. En représailles les Auxies, les Black and Tans et les soldats britanniques pillent et brûlent de nombreux bâtiments du centre-ville. De nombreux civils déclarent avoir été battus, tirés et volés par les forces britanniques. Les pompiers témoignent que les forces britanniques entravent leurs tentatives de s'attaquer aux incendies par l'intimidation, en coupant leurs tuyaux et en leur tirant dessus. Plus de 40 locaux commerciaux, 300 propriétés résidentielles, l'hôtel de ville et la bibliothèque Carnegie sont détruits par l'incendie. Plus de 3 millions de livres de dégâts (l'équivalent de 172 millions d'euros aujourd'hui) ont été infligés, 2 000 personnes sont sans emploi et beaucoup d'autres deviennent sans abri. Deux volontaires de l'IRA non armés ont été abattus dans le nord de la ville. Les forces britanniques ont exercé d’autres représailles sur les civils irlandais pendant la guerre, mais l’incendie de Cork a été l’un des plus importants. Le gouvernement britannique a d'abord nié que ses forces avaient déclenché les incendies et a accusé l'IRA. Plus tard, une enquête de l’armée britannique a conclu qu’une compagnie de l'Auxiliary Division était responsable. (fr) Ionsaí de chuid an IRA i gcathair Chorcaí a spreag an t-ionsaí is míchlúití ar fad a rinne fórsaí na Corónach le linn Chogadh na Saoirse, éiric a dtugann an pobal cois Laoi ‘Dó Chorcaí’ air le teann cuibhiúlachta. Oíche an 11/12 Nollaig 1920, rinne Póilíní Cúnta an RIC scrios sa gcathair. (ga) The Burning of Cork vond plaats in de nacht van 11 december op 12 december van 1920. Gedurende die nacht werden grote delen van het centrum van de stad Cork in de as gelegd door Engelse paramilitaire organisaties, als de en de Black and Tans, nadat een afdeling van de Auxiliairies in een hinderlaag was gelopen van het IRA. Deze gebeurtenis wordt door de Ieren als een van de keerpunten in de geschiedenis van het onafhankelijkstreven van Ierland gezien. (nl) コーク焼き討ち（コーク襲撃、Burning of Cork、アイルランド語: Dó Chorcaí ） は、アイルランド独立戦争中の1920年12月11日から12日の夜、イギリス軍がアイルランドのコーク市に甚大な被害を与えた襲撃事件である。きっかけは、アイルランド共和国軍（IRA）による、コーク市に駐屯するイギリス人の部隊オークジラリーズ（Auxiliary Division：王立アイルランド警察隊（RIC）の補助部隊）のパトロール部隊への奇襲が行われ、12人が負傷、1人が致命傷となった事であった。 その報復として、オークジラリーズ、ブラック・アンド・タンズ、イギリス兵により、最初は待ち伏せが行われた現場近くの家屋が放火され、その後にコークの中心部で略奪及び多数の建物が焼き払われた。多くの一般市民がイギリス軍に殴られ、撃たれ、強盗に入られたと報告している。消防士の証言によると、消火活動を行うとイギリス兵から止めるように脅され、ホースの切断、発砲によって妨害された。また、市の北部では非武装のIRA志願兵2人が自宅で射殺された。 40以上の商業施設、300以上の住宅、市庁舎、カーネギー図書館が火災により焼失した。火災の原因の多くは焼夷弾によるものだった。経済的な被害は300万ポンド（2019年の1億5500万ユーロに相当）以上と推定され、2000人が職を失い、それ以上に多くの人が住む場所を失った。 イギリス軍は戦時中、アイルランドの民間人に対して同様の報復を多数行っており、この3ヶ月前に発生したバルブリガンの略奪と、コーク襲撃はとりわけ大規模なものであった。イギリス政府は当初、自軍が火事を起こしたことを否定し、軍からの取り調べを行うことにのみ同意した。この調査では、放火はオークジラリーズの部隊によるものと結論づけられたが、政府は当時の報告書を公表することを拒否していた。 (ja) |
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| rdfs:comment | Ionsaí de chuid an IRA i gcathair Chorcaí a spreag an t-ionsaí is míchlúití ar fad a rinne fórsaí na Corónach le linn Chogadh na Saoirse, éiric a dtugann an pobal cois Laoi ‘Dó Chorcaí’ air le teann cuibhiúlachta. Oíche an 11/12 Nollaig 1920, rinne Póilíní Cúnta an RIC scrios sa gcathair. (ga) The Burning of Cork vond plaats in de nacht van 11 december op 12 december van 1920. Gedurende die nacht werden grote delen van het centrum van de stad Cork in de as gelegd door Engelse paramilitaire organisaties, als de en de Black and Tans, nadat een afdeling van de Auxiliairies in een hinderlaag was gelopen van het IRA. Deze gebeurtenis wordt door de Ieren als een van de keerpunten in de geschiedenis van het onafhankelijkstreven van Ierland gezien. (nl) The burning of Cork (Irish: Dó Chorcaí) by British forces took place on the night of 11–12 December 1920, during the Irish War of Independence. It followed an Irish Republican Army (IRA) ambush of a British Auxiliary patrol in the city, which wounded twelve Auxiliaries, one fatally. In retaliation, the Auxiliaries, Black and Tans and British soldiers burned homes near the ambush site, before looting and burning numerous buildings in the centre of Cork, Ireland's third-biggest city. Many civilians reported being beaten, shot at, and robbed by British forces. Firefighters testified that British forces hindered their attempts to tackle the blazes by intimidation, cutting their hoses and shooting at them. Two unarmed IRA volunteers were also shot dead at their home in the north of the city. (en) L'incendie de Cork a eu lieu dans la nuit du 11 au 12 décembre 1920, au cours de la guerre d'indépendance irlandaise. Il est déclenché par les forces britanniques. Il fait suite à une embuscade de l'armée républicaine irlandaise (IRA) contre une patrouille de l'Auxiliary Division dans la ville, blessant 12 membres de celle-ci dont un mortellement. En représailles les Auxies, les Black and Tans et les soldats britanniques pillent et brûlent de nombreux bâtiments du centre-ville. De nombreux civils déclarent avoir été battus, tirés et volés par les forces britanniques. Les pompiers témoignent que les forces britanniques entravent leurs tentatives de s'attaquer aux incendies par l'intimidation, en coupant leurs tuyaux et en leur tirant dessus. (fr) コーク焼き討ち（コーク襲撃、Burning of Cork、アイルランド語: Dó Chorcaí ） は、アイルランド独立戦争中の1920年12月11日から12日の夜、イギリス軍がアイルランドのコーク市に甚大な被害を与えた襲撃事件である。きっかけは、アイルランド共和国軍（IRA）による、コーク市に駐屯するイギリス人の部隊オークジラリーズ（Auxiliary Division：王立アイルランド警察隊（RIC）の補助部隊）のパトロール部隊への奇襲が行われ、12人が負傷、1人が致命傷となった事であった。 その報復として、オークジラリーズ、ブラック・アンド・タンズ、イギリス兵により、最初は待ち伏せが行われた現場近くの家屋が放火され、その後にコークの中心部で略奪及び多数の建物が焼き払われた。多くの一般市民がイギリス軍に殴られ、撃たれ、強盗に入られたと報告している。消防士の証言によると、消火活動を行うとイギリス兵から止めるように脅され、ホースの切断、発砲によって妨害された。また、市の北部では非武装のIRA志願兵2人が自宅で射殺された。 (ja) |
| rdfs:label | Burning of Cork (en) Loscadh Chorcaí (1920) (ga) Incendie de Cork (fr) コーク焼き討ち (ja) The Burning of Cork (nl) |
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