Cabin of Peter the Great (original) (raw)
Dom Piotra Wielkiego w Petersburgu – pochodzący z początku XVIII wieku drewniany dom cara Piotra Wielkiego, znajdujący się w rosyjskim Petersburgu, na Wyspie Piotrogrodzkiej, nad brzegiem rzeki Newy.
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| dbo:abstract | The cabin of Peter the Great (Russian: Domik Petra I or Domik Petra Pervogo or Domik Petra Velikogo) is a small wooden house which was the first St Petersburg "palace" of Tsar Peter the Great. The log cabin was constructed in three days in May 1703, by soldiers of the Semyonovskiy Regiment. At that time, the new St. Petersburg was described as "a heap of villages linked together, like some plantation in the West Indies". The date of its construction is now considered to mark the foundation of the city. The design is a combination of an izba, a traditional Russian countryside house typical of the 17th century, and the Tsar's beloved Dutch Baroque, later to evolve into the Petrine Baroque. Peter built similar domiki elsewhere in Russia - for example, in Voronezh, and Vologda. The wooden cabin in St. Petersburg covers only 60 square metres (650 sq ft) and contains three rooms - living room, bedroom, and study. It has large ornate windows and a high hipped roof of wooden tiles. Inside, the wooden walls were painted with red oil to resemble brick, and the rooms came to be known as the "red chambers" (krasnyie khoromtsy). There are no fires or chimneys, as it was intended to be used only in the warmer summer months. It was occupied by the Tsar between 1703 and 1708, while Peter supervised the construction of the new imperial city and the Peter and Paul Fortress. The cabin was moved to its present location, 6 Petrovskaia Naberezhnaia, in 1711 from its original site on the north bank of the River Neva close to the present Winter Palace. Peter had it encased for its protection within a red brick pavilion in 1723, and ordered that it be preserved for posterity as a memorial to his modesty, and the creation of St. Petersburg ex nihilo. Catherine the Great ordered the shelter for the cabin to be renovated in 1784, and the protective brick pavilion was reconstructed by Nicholas I in the 1840s. Nicholas I also had the bedroom converted into a chapel dedicated to Christ the Redeemer, and iron railings were added in 1874. Peter's domiki were used to mark significant dates, such as the bicentenary of Peter's birth in 1672. They became a centre of devotion to the tsar, the Russian Orthodox Church, and the Russian motherland (rodina). An image of the log cabin was included on the Peter the Great Fabergé egg, created in 1903 to celebrate the bicentenary of the founding of St. Petersburg. After the Russian Revolution, they became symbols of Russian heroic labour. A prized national monument, the contents were removed, and the Cabin was boarded up and camouflaged during the Second World War. It was the first St. Petersburg museum to reopen in September 1944, after the end of the Siege of Leningrad. Personal and domestic objects owned and used by Peter are still displayed within, and a bust of Peter by stands outside. The cabin is open to the public as a branch of the Russian Museum. (en) La Casetta di Pietro il Grande (in russo: Домик Петра I?: Domik Petra I o Domik Petra Pervogo o Domik Petra Velikogo) è una piccola casa di legno, prima residenza dello zar Pietro il Grande ai tempi della fondazione di San Pietroburgo. La capanna di tronchi fu costruita in tre giorni nel maggio 1703, dai soldati del Reggimento Semënovskij.A quel tempo, la nuova San Pietroburgo fu descritta come "un mucchio di villaggi collegati tra loro, come alcune piantagioni nelle Indie Occidentali".La data della sua costruzione è oggi considerata la data della fondazione della città. Il disegno combina un'izba, la tradizionale casa di campagna russa tipica del XVII secolo, ed il Barocco olandese amato dallo zar, che in seguito si sarebbe evoluto nel barocco petrino.La casetta in legno di San Pietroburgo copre solo 60 m². ed è divisa in tre stanze: soggiorno, camera da letto e studio.Ha ampie finestre ornate e un alto di tegole in legno.All'interno, le pareti di legno erano dipinte con olio rosso per assomigliare a mattoni e le stanze furono chiamate "camere rosse" (krasnye choromsty).Non ci sono fuochi o camini, perché doveva essere utilizzata solo nei caldi mesi estivi.Fu occupata dallo zar tra il 1703 ed il 1708, mentre Pietro sorvegliava la costruzione della nuova città imperiale e della Fortezza di San Pietro e San Paolo. La casetta è stata spostata nella sede attuale, 6 Petrovskaja Naberežnaja, nel 1711 dal suo sito originario sulla riva nord del fiume Neva vicino al Palazzo d'Inverno.Nel 1723 Pietro fece racchiudere la capanna in un padiglione di mattoni rossi, per preservarla dalle intemperie e ordinò che fosse conservata per i posteri in memoria della sua modestia e della costruzione di San Pietroburgo ex nihilo.La protezione in mattoni della casetta fu ristrutturata per ordine di Caterina la Grande nel 1784 e ricostruita da Nicola I negli anni 1840.Nicola I fece anche trasformare la camera da letto in una cappella dedicata a Cristo Redentore; ringhiere in ferro furono aggiunte nel 1874. Busto di Pietro il Grande, in fronte alla sua capanna. Pietro ha costruito simili domiki anche in altri luoghi della Russia, per esempio a Voronež e Vologda.I domiki di Pietro furono usati per segnare ricorrenze significative, come il bicentenario della nascita di Pietro nel 1872.Essi divennero un centro di devozione allo zar, alla Chiesa ortodossa russa ed alla madrepatria russa (rodina).Un'immagine della capanna di tronchi fu inclusa nell'Uovo Fabergé di Pietro il Grande, creato nel 1903 per celebrare il bicentenario della fondazione di San Pietroburgo.Dopo la Rivoluzione russa divennero i simboli del lavoro eroico russo. È considerata un prezioso monumento nazionale, durante la Seconda guerra mondiale i cimeli in essa contenuti furono rimossi, e la capanna fu protetta con assi e camuffata.Fu il primo museo di San Pietroburgo a riaprire nel settembre 1944, al termine dell'Assedio di Leningrado.Oggetti personali e domestici di proprietà e usati da Pietro sono ancora visibili all'interno e un busto di Pietro, opera di , si erge all'esterno. La casetta è aperta al pubblico. (it) Dom Piotra Wielkiego w Petersburgu – pochodzący z początku XVIII wieku drewniany dom cara Piotra Wielkiego, znajdujący się w rosyjskim Petersburgu, na Wyspie Piotrogrodzkiej, nad brzegiem rzeki Newy. (pl) Дом Петра I — первая постройка в Санкт-Петербурге, жилище царя Петра I в период с 1703 по 1708 годы. Этот небольшой деревянный дом площадью 60 м² был построен солдатами-плотниками недалеко от Троицкой площади всего за три дня — с 24 мая (4 июня) по 26 мая (6 июня) 1703. Здесь же 27 мая (7 июня) прошло празднование по случаю присоединения земель и основания нового города. По другой версии был использован шведский дом, перенесённый из города Ниен, выше по течению Невы. Мебель, также, была быстро добыта на месте и является типичной обстановкой дома шведского мещанина. В 1930 году в доме был открыт музей, где представлены артефакты той эпохи и подлинные вещи самого Петра. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Dom Piotra Wielkiego w Petersburgu – pochodzący z początku XVIII wieku drewniany dom cara Piotra Wielkiego, znajdujący się w rosyjskim Petersburgu, na Wyspie Piotrogrodzkiej, nad brzegiem rzeki Newy. (pl) The cabin of Peter the Great (Russian: Domik Petra I or Domik Petra Pervogo or Domik Petra Velikogo) is a small wooden house which was the first St Petersburg "palace" of Tsar Peter the Great. The log cabin was constructed in three days in May 1703, by soldiers of the Semyonovskiy Regiment. At that time, the new St. Petersburg was described as "a heap of villages linked together, like some plantation in the West Indies". The date of its construction is now considered to mark the foundation of the city. (en) La Casetta di Pietro il Grande (in russo: Домик Петра I?: Domik Petra I o Domik Petra Pervogo o Domik Petra Velikogo) è una piccola casa di legno, prima residenza dello zar Pietro il Grande ai tempi della fondazione di San Pietroburgo. La capanna di tronchi fu costruita in tre giorni nel maggio 1703, dai soldati del Reggimento Semënovskij.A quel tempo, la nuova San Pietroburgo fu descritta come "un mucchio di villaggi collegati tra loro, come alcune piantagioni nelle Indie Occidentali".La data della sua costruzione è oggi considerata la data della fondazione della città. (it) Дом Петра I — первая постройка в Санкт-Петербурге, жилище царя Петра I в период с 1703 по 1708 годы. Этот небольшой деревянный дом площадью 60 м² был построен солдатами-плотниками недалеко от Троицкой площади всего за три дня — с 24 мая (4 июня) по 26 мая (6 июня) 1703. Здесь же 27 мая (7 июня) прошло празднование по случаю присоединения земель и основания нового города. По другой версии был использован шведский дом, перенесённый из города Ниен, выше по течению Невы. Мебель, также, была быстро добыта на месте и является типичной обстановкой дома шведского мещанина. (ru) |
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