Caucones (original) (raw)
Οι Καύκωνες μνημονεύονται από τον Στράβωνα ως Αρκάδες την καταγωγή που διαιρούνταν σε δύο φυλές και ήταν εγκαταστημένοι στην Αρκαδία και την Κοίλη Ήλιδα κοντά στον Αλφειό ποταμό επεκταθέντες και μέχρι την Αχαΐα. Σύμφωνα με τον Όμηρο μαζί με τους Λέλεγες και Πελασγούς ήταν επίκουροι των Τρώων. Από την Τριφυλία εκδιώχθηκαν από τους Μινυείς.
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| dbo:abstract | Els caucons o també caúcons (del grec Καύκωνες) van ser un antic poble que Homer menciona a la Ilíada juntament amb el leleges i pelasgs, com auxiliars dels Troians. Al llibre XX, se'ls cita a punt d'entrar en combat contra els grecs. Segons Estrabó un grup de caucons haurien poblat Trifília, prop de Messènia i també els relaciona amb un riu anomenat Caucó a l'Acaia, prop de la ciutat de Dime. També diu que uns grups de caucons vivien a l'Arcàdia, i des d'allí van emigrar a Lícia. Pausànias parla de la tomba d'un tal Caucó situada a Leprèion. Herodot diu que els minies els van expulsar de Trifília, i parla també d'uns caucons de Pilos que van emigrar a Jònia. Estrabó també diu que vivien a la costa de l'Euxí entre Bitínia i Paflagònia, al costat dels mariandins, i la seva capital era . Es discutia si el seu origen era macedoni, escita o pelasg, i que en la seva època ja havien desaparegut. A l'Odissea hi ha una breu referència, quan Atena, sota l'aparença de Mèntor li diu a Nèstor quan eren a Pilos, que anirà a cobrar un deute als caucons. (ca) Οι Καύκωνες μνημονεύονται από τον Στράβωνα ως Αρκάδες την καταγωγή που διαιρούνταν σε δύο φυλές και ήταν εγκαταστημένοι στην Αρκαδία και την Κοίλη Ήλιδα κοντά στον Αλφειό ποταμό επεκταθέντες και μέχρι την Αχαΐα. Σύμφωνα με τον Όμηρο μαζί με τους Λέλεγες και Πελασγούς ήταν επίκουροι των Τρώων. Από την Τριφυλία εκδιώχθηκαν από τους Μινυείς. (el) The Caucones /kɔːˈkoʊˌniːz, kəˈkoʊˌniːz/ (Greek: Καύκωνες Kaukônes) were an autochthonous tribe of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), who later migrated to parts of the Greek mainland (Arcadia, Triphylian Pylos and Elis). The phonology of the name Caucones may be evidence that they originated in the Caucasus Mountains. Hittite tablets mention a kaz-kaz people who lived along the southern shore of the Black Sea – where Homer's Iliad placed the Kaukônes. According to Herodotus and other classical writers, the Caucones were displaced or absorbed by the Bithynians, who had migrated from Thrace. This suggests that the Bithynians spoke an Indo-European language, such as Thracian, while the Caucones did not. (The Bithynians also expelled or absorbed other autochthonous tribes, such as the Mysians, although one – the Mariandyni – maintained their cultural independence, in an area that became north-east Bithynia. Strabo [12.3.3] states that in earlier times the Bithynians were known as Mysians. Herodotus [7.20, 75] says that some time before the Trojan War, the Mysians, alongside the Teucrians, invaded Thessaly.) The Caucones appear in the Iliad Book X, when the Trojan herald Dolon reveals the array of Trojan allies, ranged among their neighbors like a lesson in geography: "Towards the sea lie the Karians, and Paionians of the bent bow, and the Leleges and Caucones, and noble Pelasgians." Caucones in Book XX were polemon meta thôrêssonto, "equipping themselves for war," as allies of the Trojans, when in a lighter moment, the hero Aeneas fell into their midst, saved by Poseidon from certain death in direct combat with the mighty Greek hero Achilles. Aeneas moves west in time receiving honors from Vergil among the founders of the Roman Empire. Recognition of the Caucones as deserving a place in the Neleiad kingdom in southwestern Greece occurs in later epic. Efforts were made, we are told by Pausanias (4.1.5). to 'historicize' Kaukon as the early ancestor of the Athenian genos Lykomidai around 480 BC by inventing a grandson of an earth-born Phlyus named Kaukon who taught the Eleusinian Mysteries to a royal queen Messene. His name was Kaukon, a teacher of religious rites. In the Odyssey (3.366), Athena tells Nestor at Pylos in preparation for an ox sacrifice that she will secure the offering locally: "I'll go to the Caucones, where there's an old debt still owing me, not a small amount." This allusion may refer to northern inhabitants in Elis, from to Dyme, that Strabo's evidence claimed were Caucones. Their penetration beyond Arkadia (Strabo 7.7.1–2) and their claims to be sons of Lycaon or Lycos (Apollodorus, Library 3.8.1) explains their enduring presence over time in literature. Pausanias' description of the carved figure of Caucon holding a lyre atop his tomb speaks to their tribal poetic literacy. Several scholars believed Pylian Caucones (Hdt. 4.148, 1.147, 5.65) brought Neleid legends and Nestor's polemic exhortations to Kolophon. Mimnermus (fr. 9, 14–15, Strabo 14.1.3–4) their ancestor extended the traditional royal "we" of Homeric Nestor in his words of inspiration to Smyrnaeans fighting Lydian Gyges in the Hermus plain (Paus. 4.21.2, quoted by , Paus. 5.8.7, 9.29.4). A Bronze Age titular figure of (KWKWN), son of Lycos (RWQQ), left an inscribed hieroglyphic obelisk, known as the "Abishemu obelisk", for the governor of Byblos; and, as ruler of Wilusa (Ilion), he was commanded in correspondence by Hittite Muwatalli II (father of Mursili III), to "adopt an heir" named Alaksandu for the throne. Strabo (8.3.14–15) in discussing Triphylian Pylos lists Caucones once inhabiting as does Pausanias (5.5.5), a settlement that may have had custody over Hades-Demeter shrines at Mt. Minthe that grew mint used for the kukeiôn at Eleusis (Homer, Hymn to Demeter 209: glêkhôni). These Caucones enter history with their expulsion (Hdt.4.148) and dispersion to Athens (Paus. 2.18.7–8, 7.2.1–5) and Ionian Miletos (Hdt. 1.146-7), after contributing to the spread of the Eleusinian Great Goddesses into Messenia and Thebes (Paus.4.1.5–9), Ephesos and Kolophon (Strabo 14.1.3). With these passages Pausanias affirms Herodotus (2.51) on the spread of Hermes and a cult of Kabeiroi throughout Attika under Hipparchus between 528–514 BC employing inscribed square-cut figures of Hermes in marble as road markers (Plato, Hipparchus 228b–229b). A Caucon priest had done much the same at Thebes. The Milesian Caucones, according to Herodotus (1.147), possessed ancestry from Pylian Codrus, son of Melanthos, the very same genealogy Herodotus (5.65) assigns to the Athenian tyrant Peisistratos. Strabo (12.3.5) reported Caucones once inhabiting the southern Black Sea coast from Heraclea Pontica (modern Karadeniz Ereğli) to Carambis promontory at Teion, on the Parthenios River, their likely Homeric geography (Iliad 20.328–9). The Caucones are not to be confused with the Cicones (also mentioned in the Iliad and the Odyssey), who were a Thracian tribe on the south coast of Thrace. (en) Als Kaukonen (altgriechisch Καύκωνες, Kaukones) wird eine in antiken Quellen oft erwähnte, wohl vorgriechische Bevölkerung auf der Peloponnes bezeichnet. Den antiken Quellen nach lebten die Kaukonen auf der Peloponnes. Gemäß Homer siedelten sie in Triphylien unweit von Pylos. Auch bei Herodot gehören sie zur ursprünglich vorgriechischen Bevölkerung Tripyhliens und wurden von den Minyern verdrängt. Konkret in die Nähe der triphylischen Stadt Lepreon verortete sie im frühen 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Zenodotos von Ephesos und auch für andere ist Lepreon eine Stadt der Kaukonen, Pausanias erwähnt eigens, dass er das Grab des eponymen Heros Kaukon in Lepreon nicht gesehen habe. Doch gab es in der Antike auch Deutungen, die den Wohnsitz der Kaukonen im eigentlichen Elis und in West-Achaia, also der Nordwestpeloponnes suchten; insbesondere Apollodor vertrat diese Ansicht und sammelte literarische Belege für diese Auffassung. Mit Bezug auf Antimachos von Kolophon glaubte er, die Kaukonen hätten im Gebiet der Stadt (heute Kato Achaia) nahe dem Golf von Patras gesiedelt. Mit Dyme brachte auch Aristoteles die Kaukonen in Verbindung, der sie sich in zwei Gruppen geteilt sowohl um Dyme als auch in Triphylien siedelnd dachte. Homer nennt in der Ilias Kaukonen zudem unter den troischen Verbündeten im Trojanischen Krieg, die auch andernorts erwähnt werden und allgemein im nördlichen Kleinasien am Fluss Parthenios angesiedelt wurden. Sie sind von den Kaukonen der Peloponnes zu unterscheiden. (de) Los caucones (en griego, Καύκωνες) eran una tribu autóctona de Anatolia (actual Turquía) y de la parte occidental del Peloponeso, en Grecia. Los caucones no deben ser confundidos con los cicones que eran una tribu tracia en la costa sur de Tracia. Se pensaba que antes de la guerra de Troya, los caucones, al igual que los pelasgos y los léleges, habían estado errando por Europa y se habían repartido, junto con otros pueblos, las tierras de uno y otro lado de Grecia. (es) Les Caucones (en grec ancien Καύκωνες / Kaúkōnes) sont un peuple antique d'Anatolie. Selon l'historien Hérodote entre autres, ils ont été déplacés ou absorbés par les Bithyniens lors de leurs migrations, alors qu'ils n'étaient encore que quelques clans de langue indo-européenne originaires de Thrace. Les Bithyniens de Thrace ont eux-mêmes été soumis et englobés par les Mysiens ; de ces migrations invasives, seuls les Mariandynes, établis au nord-est de ce qui deviendra la Bithynie, maintinrent leur indépendance culturelle. À l'époque de Strabon, on ne parle déjà plus de leur nom. (fr) I Cauconi furono una tribù autoctona dell'Anatolia (attuale Turchia). (it) Кавконы (др.-греч. Καύκωνες) — автохтонный догреческий народ западной Анатолии, позднее мигрировавший в западную часть Греческого архипелага — в Аркадию, Трифилию (откуда их изгнали минийцы) и севернее, в Элиду. У Гомера, вместе с лелегами и пеласгами — союзники троянцев. Исчезли (ассимилированы), по-видимому, в раннеантичный период. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Οι Καύκωνες μνημονεύονται από τον Στράβωνα ως Αρκάδες την καταγωγή που διαιρούνταν σε δύο φυλές και ήταν εγκαταστημένοι στην Αρκαδία και την Κοίλη Ήλιδα κοντά στον Αλφειό ποταμό επεκταθέντες και μέχρι την Αχαΐα. Σύμφωνα με τον Όμηρο μαζί με τους Λέλεγες και Πελασγούς ήταν επίκουροι των Τρώων. Από την Τριφυλία εκδιώχθηκαν από τους Μινυείς. (el) Los caucones (en griego, Καύκωνες) eran una tribu autóctona de Anatolia (actual Turquía) y de la parte occidental del Peloponeso, en Grecia. Los caucones no deben ser confundidos con los cicones que eran una tribu tracia en la costa sur de Tracia. Se pensaba que antes de la guerra de Troya, los caucones, al igual que los pelasgos y los léleges, habían estado errando por Europa y se habían repartido, junto con otros pueblos, las tierras de uno y otro lado de Grecia. (es) Les Caucones (en grec ancien Καύκωνες / Kaúkōnes) sont un peuple antique d'Anatolie. Selon l'historien Hérodote entre autres, ils ont été déplacés ou absorbés par les Bithyniens lors de leurs migrations, alors qu'ils n'étaient encore que quelques clans de langue indo-européenne originaires de Thrace. Les Bithyniens de Thrace ont eux-mêmes été soumis et englobés par les Mysiens ; de ces migrations invasives, seuls les Mariandynes, établis au nord-est de ce qui deviendra la Bithynie, maintinrent leur indépendance culturelle. À l'époque de Strabon, on ne parle déjà plus de leur nom. (fr) I Cauconi furono una tribù autoctona dell'Anatolia (attuale Turchia). (it) Кавконы (др.-греч. Καύκωνες) — автохтонный догреческий народ западной Анатолии, позднее мигрировавший в западную часть Греческого архипелага — в Аркадию, Трифилию (откуда их изгнали минийцы) и севернее, в Элиду. У Гомера, вместе с лелегами и пеласгами — союзники троянцев. Исчезли (ассимилированы), по-видимому, в раннеантичный период. (ru) Els caucons o també caúcons (del grec Καύκωνες) van ser un antic poble que Homer menciona a la Ilíada juntament amb el leleges i pelasgs, com auxiliars dels Troians. Al llibre XX, se'ls cita a punt d'entrar en combat contra els grecs. Estrabó també diu que vivien a la costa de l'Euxí entre Bitínia i Paflagònia, al costat dels mariandins, i la seva capital era . Es discutia si el seu origen era macedoni, escita o pelasg, i que en la seva època ja havien desaparegut. (ca) Als Kaukonen (altgriechisch Καύκωνες, Kaukones) wird eine in antiken Quellen oft erwähnte, wohl vorgriechische Bevölkerung auf der Peloponnes bezeichnet. Den antiken Quellen nach lebten die Kaukonen auf der Peloponnes. Gemäß Homer siedelten sie in Triphylien unweit von Pylos. Auch bei Herodot gehören sie zur ursprünglich vorgriechischen Bevölkerung Tripyhliens und wurden von den Minyern verdrängt. Konkret in die Nähe der triphylischen Stadt Lepreon verortete sie im frühen 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Zenodotos von Ephesos und auch für andere ist Lepreon eine Stadt der Kaukonen, Pausanias erwähnt eigens, dass er das Grab des eponymen Heros Kaukon in Lepreon nicht gesehen habe. (de) The Caucones /kɔːˈkoʊˌniːz, kəˈkoʊˌniːz/ (Greek: Καύκωνες Kaukônes) were an autochthonous tribe of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), who later migrated to parts of the Greek mainland (Arcadia, Triphylian Pylos and Elis). The phonology of the name Caucones may be evidence that they originated in the Caucasus Mountains. The Caucones are not to be confused with the Cicones (also mentioned in the Iliad and the Odyssey), who were a Thracian tribe on the south coast of Thrace. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Caucons (ca) Kaukonen (Volk) (de) Καύκωνες (el) Caucones (es) Caucones (en) Cauconi (it) Caucones (fr) Кавконы (ru) |
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