Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (original) (raw)
سيسيليا هيلينا باين (بالإنجليزية: Cecilia Helena Payne Gaposchkin) (10 مارس 1900- 7 ديسمبر 1979) كانت فلكية وفيزيائية فلكية بريطانية أمريكية، والتي، في عام 1925، اقترحت في أطروحة دكتوراه الفلسفة خاصتها تفسيرًا لتكوين النجوم في شكل تركيبٍ من الهيليوم والهيدروجين.{1}
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| dbo:abstract | سيسيليا هيلينا باين (بالإنجليزية: Cecilia Helena Payne Gaposchkin) (10 مارس 1900- 7 ديسمبر 1979) كانت فلكية وفيزيائية فلكية بريطانية أمريكية، والتي، في عام 1925، اقترحت في أطروحة دكتوراه الفلسفة خاصتها تفسيرًا لتكوين النجوم في شكل تركيبٍ من الهيليوم والهيدروجين.{1} (ar) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (10 de maig de 1900 - 7 de desembre de 1979) va ser una astrònoma i astrofísica britanicoamericana, destacada pel seu descobriment sobre la composició de les estrelles. El 1925, va proposar en la seva tesi doctoral una explicació de la composició de les estrelles en termes d'abundàncies relatives d'hidrogen i heli. Va ser la primera dona a dirigir un departament a Harvard i va ocupar una càtedra al departament d'astronomia des d'on va dirigir diverses tesis doctorals. (ca) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkinová, rodným jménem Cecilia Payne (10. května 1900 – 7. prosince 1979 Cambridge) byla britsko-americká astronomka. Založila kvantitativní chemickou analýzu hvězdných atmosfér. (cs) Η Σεσίλια Πέιν-Γκαπόσκιν (Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, 10 Μαΐου 1900 – 7 Δεκεμβρίου 1979) ήταν Αγγλίδα (και στη συνέχεια Αμερικανίδα) αστρονόμος. Υπήρξε ο πρώτος άνθρωπος που απέδειξε ότι ο Ήλιος αποτελείται κυρίως από υδρογόνο, και ότι το τελευταίο είναι το πιο κοινό στοιχείο στο σύμπαν, το 1925. (el) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (* 10. Mai 1900 als Cecilia Payne in , Buckinghamshire, England; † 7. Dezember 1979 in Cambridge (Massachusetts), USA) war eine britisch-amerikanische Astronomin. (de) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (born Cecilia Helena Payne; May 10, 1900 – December 7, 1979) was a British-born American astronomer and astrophysicist who proposed in her 1925 doctoral thesis that stars were composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Her groundbreaking conclusion was initially rejected because it contradicted the scientific wisdom of the time, which held that there were no significant elemental differences between the Sun and Earth. Independent observations eventually proved she was correct. Her work on the nature of variable stars was foundational to modern astrophysics. (en) Cecilia PAYNE-GAPOSCHKIN (naskiĝis la 10-an de majo 1900 en Buckinghamshire, mortis la 7-an de decembro 1979 en Kembriĝo, Usono) estis angla-usona astronomino, kiu en 1925 en sia doktoriga disertacio (Ph.D) konjektis, ke la steloj konsistas ĉefe el hidrogeno. Ĉi tiu laboro estis konsiderata tiutempe kiel la plej brila doktoriga disertacio iam verkita pri astronomio. (eo) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin 1925ean, izarrak, batez ere, hidrogenoz osatuta daudela frogatzen duen Doktorego Tesia sortu zuen astronomo anglo-amerikarra da. Askoren esanetan, bere garaian "Astronomian inoiz idatzitako doktore-tesi distiratsuena" bezala hartu zen. (eu) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Reino Unido. 10 de mayo de 1900 – Cambridge, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos. 7 de diciembre de 1979) fue una astrónoma y astrofísica anglo-americana, quien, en el año 1925, en su Tesis de Doctorado (Ph.D) propuso que las estrellas están compuestas principalmente por hidrógeno. Este trabajo fue considerado en su momento como "la más brillante tesis doctoral escrita nunca en astronomía". (es) Réalteolaí agus réaltfhisiceoir Bhriotanach-Mheiriceánach ab ea Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (née Payne, 10 Bealtaine 1900 - 7 Nollaig 1979). Dúirt sí ina tráchtas dochtúireachta (1925) go raibh i bhad níos mó hidrigin agus héiliam sa ná mar a bhí sa Domhan, tuairim a dhiúltaigh formhór na heolaithe dó ar dtús. I Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Sasana, a rugadh í agus fuair sí bás in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bhí saoránacht an dá thír aici. Thug Cecilia Payne faoi thráchtas dochtúireachta a scríobh agus sa bhliain 1925 ba ise an chéad duine dar bronnadh PhD in réalteolaíocht ó Choláiste Radcliffe uirthi. (Coláiste do mhná a bhí ceangailte le Ollscoil Harvard ab ea Radcliffe.) Is é an teideal a bhí ar an tráchtas ná Stellar Atmospheres: A Contribution to the Observational Study of High Temperature in the Reversing Layers of Stars. (ga) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (née le 10 mai 1900 à Wendover en Angleterre et morte le 7 décembre 1979 à Cambridge dans le Massachusetts) est une astronome anglo-américaine. Elle est la première femme nommée cheffe du département d'astronomie de Harvard en 1956. Elle est notamment connue pour être, en 1925, une des premières astronomes à envisager que les étoiles soient composées majoritairement d’hydrogène, à l'encontre du consensus scientifique de l'époque. (fr) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (10 Mei 1900 – 7 Desember 1979) adalah seorang astronom Britania-Amerika. Dia dilahirkan di Inggris dengan nama Cecilia Payne dan menempuh studi dalam bidang botani, fisika dan kimia di Universitas Cambridge. Ia meninggalkan Inggris dan menuju ke Amerika Serikat pada 1922. Pada 1925, ia menjadi orang pertama yang mendapatkan gelar Ph.D. dalam bidang astronomi dari Universitas Harvard untuk disertasinya Stellar Atmospheres, A Contribution to the Observational Study of High Temperature in the Reversing Layers of Stars. Astronom Otto Struve menyebutnya sebagai "thesis Ph.D. paling brilian yang pernah ditulis dalam bidang astronomi". Dengan menerapkan teori ionisasi yang dikembangkan oleh fisikawan Meghnad Saha, ia dapat dengan akurat menghubungkan kelas spektrum bintang-bintang dengan temperatur mereka. Tesis tersebut mengemukakan bahwa hidrogen adalah unsur pokok paling berlimpah yang ada di bintang-bintang. Dalam perjalanannya ke Eropa pada 1933, ia bertemu dengan Sergei I. Gaposchkin di Jerman, seorang kelahiran Russia. Ia menolongnya untuk mendapatkan visa ke Amerika Serikat dan mereka menikah pada Maret 1934, dan memiliki tiga anak. Payne-Gaposchkin tetap aktif di bidang sains sepanjang hidupnya, menghabiskan seluruh karier akademiknya di Harvard. Pada 1956 ia menjadi profesor tetap wanita pertama di Harvard, dan kemudian menjadi wanita pertama yang menjabat sebagai ketua departemen. Menurut G. Kass-Simon dan Patricia Farnes, kariernya mengalami turning point di . Di bawah arahan Edward Charles Pickering, observatorium tersebut menawarkan kesempatan di bidang astronomi untuk wanita lebih daripada institusi lain, dan mencatat kemajuan yang telah dimulai sebelumnya di awal abad 20 oleh , , Annie Jump Cannon, dan . (in) Cecilia Helena Payne (Wendover, 10 maggio 1900 – Cambridge, 7 dicembre 1979) fu un'astrofisica anglo-statunitense, nota per il suo contributo alla comprensione della composizione delle . (it) セシリア・ペイン＝ガポーシュキン（Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin、1900年5月10日 - 1979年12月7日）は、イギリス、バッキンガムシャー出身のアメリカ合衆国の女性天文学者である。 ケンブリッジ大学で、植物学・物理学・化学を学んだあと、アメリカ合衆国に移住し、ハーバード大学で1925年に天文学の博士号を得た。ペイン＝ガポーシュキンの研究テーマはメグナード・サハの電離公式を、天体の実際の温度とスペクトルの関係に応用したもので、恒星の組成の大部分が水素からできていることを証明したものであり高い評価を得た。 1933年、ヨーロッパに旅行し、ロシア生まれの天文学者セルゲイ・ガポーシュキンのドイツからアメリカへの移住を助けた。翌1934年にガボーシュキンと結婚し、3人の子供を生んだ。 ペイン＝ガポーシュキンはその後もハーバード大学で研究を続けたが、当時の女性研究者に対する待遇は低く、女性として初めて常勤の教授になることができたのは1956年になってからである。ハーバード大学天文台はエドワード・ピッカリングの指導のもとに、ウィリアミーナ・フレミング、アニー・ジャンプ・キャノン、ヘンリエッタ・リービットなど多くの女性天文学者が活躍したが、ペイン＝ガポーシュキンは男性が支配していた学問研究のシステムに本格的に進出した女性であった。 (ja) 세실리아 헬레나 페인가포슈킨(Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin, 1900년 5월 10일 ~ 1979년 12월 7일)은 영국계 미국 천문학자, 천체물리학자이다. 1925년 항성의 조성을 수소와 헬륨의 상대 함량으로 설명하는 논문으로 박사학위를 받았다. 이 논문은 "지금까지 천문학 분야에서 나온 가장 천재적인 박사학위논문"으로 평가된다. (ko) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (ur. 10 maja 1900, zm. 7 grudnia 1979) – brytyjsko-amerykańska astronomka. (pl) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (Wendover, 10 mei 1900 - Cambridge (Massachusetts), 7 december 1979) was een Engels-Amerikaanse astronoom die in 1925 in haar proefschrift met behulp van spectroscopie aantoonde dat waterstof en helium de voornaamste elementen (99% van de massa) van sterren zijn. (nl) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, född 10 maj 1900 i Wendover i Buckinghamshire, död 7 december 1979 i Cambridge, Massachusetts, var en brittisk astronom som 1925 var den första att visa att solen till allra största del består av väte, vilket stred mot den dåtida uppfattningen att solen huvudsakligen bestod av järn. Asteroiden 2039 Payne-Gaposchkin är uppkallad efter henne. (sv) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (Wendover, 10 de maio de 1900 — Cambridge, 7 de dezembro de 1979) foi uma astrônoma e astrofísica britânico-americana. Foi a primeira pessoa a mostrar que o Sol é composto primariamente de hidrogênio, em 1925. Na época, acreditava-se que o Sol possuísse uma composição similar à da Terra. (pt) Сесилия Хелена Пейн-Гапошкина (англ. Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin; 10 мая 1900, Уэндовер[d], Бакингемшир — 7 декабря 1979, Кембридж, Массачусетс) — американский астроном. (ru) Сесілія Гелена Пейн-Гапошкіна (англ. Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin; 1900—1979) — американська астрономка.Перша жінка, яка отримала звання професора і очолила кафедру в Гарвардському університеті (1956). (uk) 塞西莉亞·佩恩-加波施金（英語：Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin，1900年5月10日－1979年12月7日），美籍英國女性天文學家和天體物理學家，於1925年在她博士學位論文首次提出太陽主要由氫和氦的相對豐度來解釋恆星的組成，雖然這和當時的傳統看法相牴觸。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | سيسيليا هيلينا باين (بالإنجليزية: Cecilia Helena Payne Gaposchkin) (10 مارس 1900- 7 ديسمبر 1979) كانت فلكية وفيزيائية فلكية بريطانية أمريكية، والتي، في عام 1925، اقترحت في أطروحة دكتوراه الفلسفة خاصتها تفسيرًا لتكوين النجوم في شكل تركيبٍ من الهيليوم والهيدروجين.{1} (ar) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (10 de maig de 1900 - 7 de desembre de 1979) va ser una astrònoma i astrofísica britanicoamericana, destacada pel seu descobriment sobre la composició de les estrelles. El 1925, va proposar en la seva tesi doctoral una explicació de la composició de les estrelles en termes d'abundàncies relatives d'hidrogen i heli. Va ser la primera dona a dirigir un departament a Harvard i va ocupar una càtedra al departament d'astronomia des d'on va dirigir diverses tesis doctorals. (ca) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkinová, rodným jménem Cecilia Payne (10. května 1900 – 7. prosince 1979 Cambridge) byla britsko-americká astronomka. Založila kvantitativní chemickou analýzu hvězdných atmosfér. (cs) Η Σεσίλια Πέιν-Γκαπόσκιν (Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, 10 Μαΐου 1900 – 7 Δεκεμβρίου 1979) ήταν Αγγλίδα (και στη συνέχεια Αμερικανίδα) αστρονόμος. Υπήρξε ο πρώτος άνθρωπος που απέδειξε ότι ο Ήλιος αποτελείται κυρίως από υδρογόνο, και ότι το τελευταίο είναι το πιο κοινό στοιχείο στο σύμπαν, το 1925. (el) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (* 10. Mai 1900 als Cecilia Payne in , Buckinghamshire, England; † 7. Dezember 1979 in Cambridge (Massachusetts), USA) war eine britisch-amerikanische Astronomin. (de) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (born Cecilia Helena Payne; May 10, 1900 – December 7, 1979) was a British-born American astronomer and astrophysicist who proposed in her 1925 doctoral thesis that stars were composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Her groundbreaking conclusion was initially rejected because it contradicted the scientific wisdom of the time, which held that there were no significant elemental differences between the Sun and Earth. Independent observations eventually proved she was correct. Her work on the nature of variable stars was foundational to modern astrophysics. (en) Cecilia PAYNE-GAPOSCHKIN (naskiĝis la 10-an de majo 1900 en Buckinghamshire, mortis la 7-an de decembro 1979 en Kembriĝo, Usono) estis angla-usona astronomino, kiu en 1925 en sia doktoriga disertacio (Ph.D) konjektis, ke la steloj konsistas ĉefe el hidrogeno. Ĉi tiu laboro estis konsiderata tiutempe kiel la plej brila doktoriga disertacio iam verkita pri astronomio. (eo) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin 1925ean, izarrak, batez ere, hidrogenoz osatuta daudela frogatzen duen Doktorego Tesia sortu zuen astronomo anglo-amerikarra da. Askoren esanetan, bere garaian "Astronomian inoiz idatzitako doktore-tesi distiratsuena" bezala hartu zen. (eu) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Reino Unido. 10 de mayo de 1900 – Cambridge, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos. 7 de diciembre de 1979) fue una astrónoma y astrofísica anglo-americana, quien, en el año 1925, en su Tesis de Doctorado (Ph.D) propuso que las estrellas están compuestas principalmente por hidrógeno. Este trabajo fue considerado en su momento como "la más brillante tesis doctoral escrita nunca en astronomía". (es) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (née le 10 mai 1900 à Wendover en Angleterre et morte le 7 décembre 1979 à Cambridge dans le Massachusetts) est une astronome anglo-américaine. Elle est la première femme nommée cheffe du département d'astronomie de Harvard en 1956. Elle est notamment connue pour être, en 1925, une des premières astronomes à envisager que les étoiles soient composées majoritairement d’hydrogène, à l'encontre du consensus scientifique de l'époque. (fr) Cecilia Helena Payne (Wendover, 10 maggio 1900 – Cambridge, 7 dicembre 1979) fu un'astrofisica anglo-statunitense, nota per il suo contributo alla comprensione della composizione delle . (it) セシリア・ペイン＝ガポーシュキン（Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin、1900年5月10日 - 1979年12月7日）は、イギリス、バッキンガムシャー出身のアメリカ合衆国の女性天文学者である。 ケンブリッジ大学で、植物学・物理学・化学を学んだあと、アメリカ合衆国に移住し、ハーバード大学で1925年に天文学の博士号を得た。ペイン＝ガポーシュキンの研究テーマはメグナード・サハの電離公式を、天体の実際の温度とスペクトルの関係に応用したもので、恒星の組成の大部分が水素からできていることを証明したものであり高い評価を得た。 1933年、ヨーロッパに旅行し、ロシア生まれの天文学者セルゲイ・ガポーシュキンのドイツからアメリカへの移住を助けた。翌1934年にガボーシュキンと結婚し、3人の子供を生んだ。 ペイン＝ガポーシュキンはその後もハーバード大学で研究を続けたが、当時の女性研究者に対する待遇は低く、女性として初めて常勤の教授になることができたのは1956年になってからである。ハーバード大学天文台はエドワード・ピッカリングの指導のもとに、ウィリアミーナ・フレミング、アニー・ジャンプ・キャノン、ヘンリエッタ・リービットなど多くの女性天文学者が活躍したが、ペイン＝ガポーシュキンは男性が支配していた学問研究のシステムに本格的に進出した女性であった。 (ja) 세실리아 헬레나 페인가포슈킨(Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin, 1900년 5월 10일 ~ 1979년 12월 7일)은 영국계 미국 천문학자, 천체물리학자이다. 1925년 항성의 조성을 수소와 헬륨의 상대 함량으로 설명하는 논문으로 박사학위를 받았다. 이 논문은 "지금까지 천문학 분야에서 나온 가장 천재적인 박사학위논문"으로 평가된다. (ko) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (ur. 10 maja 1900, zm. 7 grudnia 1979) – brytyjsko-amerykańska astronomka. (pl) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (Wendover, 10 mei 1900 - Cambridge (Massachusetts), 7 december 1979) was een Engels-Amerikaanse astronoom die in 1925 in haar proefschrift met behulp van spectroscopie aantoonde dat waterstof en helium de voornaamste elementen (99% van de massa) van sterren zijn. (nl) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, född 10 maj 1900 i Wendover i Buckinghamshire, död 7 december 1979 i Cambridge, Massachusetts, var en brittisk astronom som 1925 var den första att visa att solen till allra största del består av väte, vilket stred mot den dåtida uppfattningen att solen huvudsakligen bestod av järn. Asteroiden 2039 Payne-Gaposchkin är uppkallad efter henne. (sv) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (Wendover, 10 de maio de 1900 — Cambridge, 7 de dezembro de 1979) foi uma astrônoma e astrofísica britânico-americana. Foi a primeira pessoa a mostrar que o Sol é composto primariamente de hidrogênio, em 1925. Na época, acreditava-se que o Sol possuísse uma composição similar à da Terra. (pt) Сесилия Хелена Пейн-Гапошкина (англ. Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin; 10 мая 1900, Уэндовер[d], Бакингемшир — 7 декабря 1979, Кембридж, Массачусетс) — американский астроном. (ru) Сесілія Гелена Пейн-Гапошкіна (англ. Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin; 1900—1979) — американська астрономка.Перша жінка, яка отримала звання професора і очолила кафедру в Гарвардському університеті (1956). (uk) 塞西莉亞·佩恩-加波施金（英語：Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin，1900年5月10日－1979年12月7日），美籍英國女性天文學家和天體物理學家，於1925年在她博士學位論文首次提出太陽主要由氫和氦的相對豐度來解釋恆星的組成，雖然這和當時的傳統看法相牴觸。 (zh) Réalteolaí agus réaltfhisiceoir Bhriotanach-Mheiriceánach ab ea Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (née Payne, 10 Bealtaine 1900 - 7 Nollaig 1979). Dúirt sí ina tráchtas dochtúireachta (1925) go raibh i bhad níos mó hidrigin agus héiliam sa ná mar a bhí sa Domhan, tuairim a dhiúltaigh formhór na heolaithe dó ar dtús. I Wendover, Buckinghamshire, Sasana, a rugadh í agus fuair sí bás in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bhí saoránacht an dá thír aici. (ga) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (10 Mei 1900 – 7 Desember 1979) adalah seorang astronom Britania-Amerika. Dia dilahirkan di Inggris dengan nama Cecilia Payne dan menempuh studi dalam bidang botani, fisika dan kimia di Universitas Cambridge. Ia meninggalkan Inggris dan menuju ke Amerika Serikat pada 1922. (in) |
| rdfs:label | Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (en) سيسيليا باين (ar) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (ca) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkinová (cs) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (de) Σεσίλια Πέιν-Γκαπόσκιν (el) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (eo) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (es) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (eu) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (ga) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (in) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (fr) Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin (it) 세실리아 페인가포슈킨 (ko) セシリア・ペイン＝ガポーシュキン (ja) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (nl) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (pl) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (pt) Пейн-Гапошкина, Сесилия Хелена (ru) Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (sv) 塞西莉亞·佩恩-加波施金 (zh) Сесілія Пейн-Гапошкіна (uk) |
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