Chain shift (original) (raw)
链变，也称链式音移、鏈式音變、链移（英语：chain shift，chaining，enchainment）是一个概念，指一系列相互联系的、涉及几个音段（通常是元音）全部改变其语音现实的复杂音系变化（sound change）。在此过程中，某些音段（就位成分）移动到其他音段（离位成分）空出来的位置，并且上一音变会影响到下一音变。链变是马蒂内（Martinet）(1955)首次提出的，（Labov）(1994)对这个问题进行了广泛的研究。 链变背后的假设观点是，一种语言中的所有音位构成了一个平衡的语音系统。因此，系统中任何一部分发生的变化都会导致其他部分的变化。在这一观点看来，语音系统被视为一个对称的系统（即音位总藏（phonemic inventory）中没有空槽）。一旦这种对称由于一些语音系统以外的原因被打破而出现一个空槽，在系统内部就会产生一种试图重建其平衡状态的压力。在这一压力之下，这一空槽就会被另外的一个音位所填补，而这也就导致该音位原有的位置又产生了一个新空槽等待其他音位来填补，由此便产生了链变现象。链变的著名实例包括格林定律、元音大推移、北方大城市元音移位等。
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | In historical linguistics, a chain shift is a set of sound changes in which the change in pronunciation of one speech sound (typically, a phoneme) is linked to, and presumably causes, a change in pronunciation of other sounds as well. The sounds involved in a chain shift can be ordered into a "chain" in such a way that after the change is complete, each phoneme ends up sounding like what the phoneme before it in the chain sounded like before the change. The changes making up a chain shift, interpreted as rules of phonology, are in what is termed counterfeeding order. A well-known example is the Great Vowel Shift, which was a chain shift that affected all of the long vowels in Middle English. The changes to the front vowels may be summarized as follows: a → e: → i: → aɪ A drag chain or pull chain is a chain shift in which the phoneme at the "leading" edge of the chain changes first. In the example above, the chain shift would be a pull chain if /i:/ changed to /aɪ/ first, opening up a space at the position of [i], which /e:/ then moved to fill. A push chain is a chain shift in which the phoneme at the "end" of the chain moves first: in this example, if /a/ moved toward [e], a "crowding" effect would be created and /e:/ would thus move toward [i], and so forth. It is not known which phonemes changed first during the Great Vowel Shift; many scholars believe the high vowels such as /i:/ started the shift, but some suggest that the low vowels, such as /a/, may have shifted first. (en) En kedjeförskjutning är inom historisk lingvistik en serie sammanlänkade ljudförändringar, där en ljudförändring inte sker isolerat utan resulterar i ytterligare en ljudförändring. Detta fenomen bygger på ett antagande om ett strukturellt ljudsystem, där de olika delarna i ett språks ljudsystem är sammankopplade så att en förändring i en del av systemet kan få följder i en annan del. Enligt denna syn tenderar språks ljudsystem att vara symmetriska eller naturliga, och om så inte är fallet, och ett språk har en ”lucka” i sin ljuduppsättning, strävar språket efter symmetri genom fylla denna lucka med hjälp av en ljudförändring. En sådan förändring kan dock leda till nya luckor på andra håll i ljudsystemet, vilket kan vara en katalysator för en kedjereaktion, som i sin tur orsakar nya ljudförändringar i strävan efter att rätta till effekterna av den första. (sv) 链变，也称链式音移、鏈式音變、链移（英语：chain shift，chaining，enchainment）是一个概念，指一系列相互联系的、涉及几个音段（通常是元音）全部改变其语音现实的复杂音系变化（sound change）。在此过程中，某些音段（就位成分）移动到其他音段（离位成分）空出来的位置，并且上一音变会影响到下一音变。链变是马蒂内（Martinet）(1955)首次提出的，（Labov）(1994)对这个问题进行了广泛的研究。 链变背后的假设观点是，一种语言中的所有音位构成了一个平衡的语音系统。因此，系统中任何一部分发生的变化都会导致其他部分的变化。在这一观点看来，语音系统被视为一个对称的系统（即音位总藏（phonemic inventory）中没有空槽）。一旦这种对称由于一些语音系统以外的原因被打破而出现一个空槽，在系统内部就会产生一种试图重建其平衡状态的压力。在这一压力之下，这一空槽就会被另外的一个音位所填补，而这也就导致该音位原有的位置又产生了一个新空槽等待其他音位来填补，由此便产生了链变现象。链变的著名实例包括格林定律、元音大推移、北方大城市元音移位等。 (zh) |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 487237 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 10925 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1082371999 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:California_vowel_shift dbr:Catalan_language dbr:Proto-Indo-European_language dbr:Pygmalion_(play) dbr:Scotland dbr:Variety_(linguistics) dbr:Inland_Northern_American_English dbc:Historical_linguistics dbc:Sound_changes dbr:Optimality_Theory dbr:Phonological_opacity dbr:Cockney dbr:French_language dbr:Fricative dbr:Front_vowel dbr:Gabon dbr:George_Bernard_Shaw dbr:My_Fair_Lady dbr:Stop_consonant dbr:Phonology dbr:Bantu_languages dbr:West_Germanic_languages dbr:Amoy_dialect dbr:Breathy_voice dbr:Northern_Cities_Vowel_Shift dbr:Historical_linguistics dbr:Isogloss dbr:Lenition dbr:Old_Frisian dbr:Grimm's_Law dbc:Phonology dbr:Taiwanese_Hokkien dbr:High_German_consonant_shift dbr:Old_Saxon dbr:Phoneme dbr:Place_of_articulation dbr:Portuguese_language dbr:Sound_change dbr:Southern_United_States dbr:Spanish_language dbr:Speech_sound dbr:Great_Vowel_Shift dbr:Tense_vowel dbr:Old_English dbr:Old_High_German dbr:Canadian_Shift dbr:Middle_English dbr:Sandhi dbr:Southern_American_English dbr:Vowel_shift dbr:Voice_(phonetics) dbr:Diphthongs dbr:Vowel_height dbr:Fronted_(phonetics) dbr:Sound_changes dbr:Nzebi_language dbr:Counterfeeding_order dbr:Low_vowel dbr:Regional_dialect dbr:High_vowel dbr:Voiced dbr:Long_vowel |
| dbp:date | February 2017 (en) |
| dbp:reason | This does seem to happen sometimes, but I can't find a source suggesting it is necessarily true. (en) This is just a passing mention in a footnote. (en) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Inline_audio dbt:Better_source dbt:Citation_needed dbt:Clarify dbt:Cn dbt:IPA dbt:More_citations_needed dbt:Reflist dbt:Rp dbt:Short_description dbt:Specify dbt:Sound_change dbt:IPA_notice dbt:Audio-IPA |
| dct:subject | dbc:Historical_linguistics dbc:Sound_changes dbc:Phonology |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Phenomenon |
| rdf:type | yago:WikicatSoundLaws yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Cognition100023271 yago:Concept105835747 yago:Content105809192 yago:Idea105833840 yago:Law105870916 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 dbo:Disease yago:SoundLaw106180720 |
| rdfs:comment | 链变，也称链式音移、鏈式音變、链移（英语：chain shift，chaining，enchainment）是一个概念，指一系列相互联系的、涉及几个音段（通常是元音）全部改变其语音现实的复杂音系变化（sound change）。在此过程中，某些音段（就位成分）移动到其他音段（离位成分）空出来的位置，并且上一音变会影响到下一音变。链变是马蒂内（Martinet）(1955)首次提出的，（Labov）(1994)对这个问题进行了广泛的研究。 链变背后的假设观点是，一种语言中的所有音位构成了一个平衡的语音系统。因此，系统中任何一部分发生的变化都会导致其他部分的变化。在这一观点看来，语音系统被视为一个对称的系统（即音位总藏（phonemic inventory）中没有空槽）。一旦这种对称由于一些语音系统以外的原因被打破而出现一个空槽，在系统内部就会产生一种试图重建其平衡状态的压力。在这一压力之下，这一空槽就会被另外的一个音位所填补，而这也就导致该音位原有的位置又产生了一个新空槽等待其他音位来填补，由此便产生了链变现象。链变的著名实例包括格林定律、元音大推移、北方大城市元音移位等。 (zh) In historical linguistics, a chain shift is a set of sound changes in which the change in pronunciation of one speech sound (typically, a phoneme) is linked to, and presumably causes, a change in pronunciation of other sounds as well. The sounds involved in a chain shift can be ordered into a "chain" in such a way that after the change is complete, each phoneme ends up sounding like what the phoneme before it in the chain sounded like before the change. The changes making up a chain shift, interpreted as rules of phonology, are in what is termed counterfeeding order. a → e: → i: → aɪ (en) En kedjeförskjutning är inom historisk lingvistik en serie sammanlänkade ljudförändringar, där en ljudförändring inte sker isolerat utan resulterar i ytterligare en ljudförändring. Detta fenomen bygger på ett antagande om ett strukturellt ljudsystem, där de olika delarna i ett språks ljudsystem är sammankopplade så att en förändring i en del av systemet kan få följder i en annan del. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Chain shift (en) Kedjeförskjutning (sv) 链变 (zh) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Chain shift yago-res:Chain shift wikidata:Chain shift dbpedia-sv:Chain shift dbpedia-zh:Chain shift https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4hBqk |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Chain_shift?oldid=1082371999&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Chain_shift |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Drag_chain_(linguistics) dbr:Push_chain |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Proto-Germanic_language dbr:Proto-Semitic_language dbr:Biblical_Hebrew dbr:Persian_phonology dbr:Daī-ghî_tōng-iōng_pīng-im dbr:Inland_Northern_American_English dbr:Cot–caught_merger dbr:Optimality_Theory dbr:Emphatic_consonant dbr:English_language dbr:Greek_language dbr:Low_German dbr:California_English dbr:Silent_e dbr:Standard_Canadian_English dbr:Feeding_order dbr:William_Labov dbr:Drift_(linguistics) dbr:African-American_Vernacular_English dbr:Drag_chain_(linguistics) dbr:Dutch_language dbr:Dutch_phonology dbr:North_American_English_regional_phonology dbr:Centum_and_satem_languages dbr:Drag_chain dbr:Lenition dbr:Pyu_language_(Sino-Tibetan) dbr:Hejazi_Arabic dbr:Western_American_English dbr:African-American_English dbr:Khasic_languages dbr:Language dbr:Tajik_language dbr:High_German_consonant_shift dbr:Philadelphia_English dbr:Phonological_change dbr:South_African_English dbr:Great_Vowel_Shift dbr:Grimm's_law dbr:Indo-European_languages dbr:Koreanic_languages dbr:Middle_Korean dbr:New_York_accent dbr:New_Zealand_English dbr:New_Zealand_English_phonology dbr:Canaanite_shift dbr:Canadian_Shift dbr:Proto-Celtic_language dbr:Southern_American_English dbr:Vowel_shift dbr:Old_Hijazi_Arabic dbr:Sotho_phonology dbr:Phonological_history_of_English_vowels dbr:The_Atlas_of_North_American_English dbr:Push_chain |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Chain_shift |