California English (original) (raw)
California English ist ein Dialekt der Englischen Sprache, der im US-amerikanischen Bundesstaat Kalifornien gesprochen wird. Als bevölkerungsreichster Bundesstaat der USA ist Kalifornien Heimat einer großen Zahl unterschiedlichster Bevölkerungsgruppen, was nicht ohne Auswirkungen auf die regionale Entwicklung des Englischen geblieben ist. Wie bei jeder Sprache, die in mehreren Ländern gesprochen wird, werden nicht sämtliche Eigenschaften des Englischen von jedem Sprecher in einem bestimmten Land nachvollzogen. Dennoch gibt es eine Reihe linguistischer Besonderheiten, die als originär kalifornisch bezeichnet werden können.
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| dbo:abstract | California English ist ein Dialekt der Englischen Sprache, der im US-amerikanischen Bundesstaat Kalifornien gesprochen wird. Als bevölkerungsreichster Bundesstaat der USA ist Kalifornien Heimat einer großen Zahl unterschiedlichster Bevölkerungsgruppen, was nicht ohne Auswirkungen auf die regionale Entwicklung des Englischen geblieben ist. Wie bei jeder Sprache, die in mehreren Ländern gesprochen wird, werden nicht sämtliche Eigenschaften des Englischen von jedem Sprecher in einem bestimmten Land nachvollzogen. Dennoch gibt es eine Reihe linguistischer Besonderheiten, die als originär kalifornisch bezeichnet werden können. (de) California English (or Californian English) collectively refers to varieties of American English native to California. A distinctive vowel shift was only first noted by linguists in the 1980s in southern California and the San Francisco Bay Area of northern California. This helped to define an accent emerging primarily among youthful, white, urban, coastal speakers, and popularly associated with the valley girl and surfer dude youth subcultures. The possibility that this is, in fact, an age-specific variety of English is one hypothesis; however, certain features of this accent are intensifying and spreading geographically. Other documented California English includes a "country" accent associated with rural and inland white Californians, an older accent once spoken by Irish Americans in San Francisco, and distinctly Californian varieties of Chicano English associated with Mexican Americans. Research has shown that Californians themselves perceive a linguistic boundary between northern and southern California, particularly regarding the northern use of hella and southern (but now nationally widespread) use of dude, bro, and like. As California became one of the most ethnically diverse U.S. states, English speakers from a wide variety of backgrounds began to pick up different linguistic elements from one another and also develop new ones; the result is both divergence and convergence within Californian English. However, linguists who studied English before and immediately after World War II tended to find few, if any, patterns unique to California, and even today most California English still basically aligns to a General or Western American accent. (en) El inglés de California (California English en inglés) es un dialecto del idioma inglés que se habla en el estado estadounidense de California. El estado más poblado del país, California es el hogar de una población muy diversa, que se refleja en el histórico y continuo desarrollo del inglés de California. Como es el caso del inglés se habla en cualquier estado de Estados Unidos, no todas las características son utilizados por todos los hablantes en el estado, y no todas las funciones se limitan a usar sólo para el estado. Sin embargo, hay algunos rasgos lingüísticos que pueden ser identificados como bien inicialmente o de manera predominante de California, o ambas cosas. (es) Bahasa Inggris California secara kolektif mengacu pada dialek-dialek Bahasa Inggris Amerika yang berasal dari California. Pergeseran vokal yang khas pertama kali dicatat oleh ahli bahasa pada 1980-an di California Selatan dan Wilayah Teluk San Francisco di California Utara, mengindikasikan aksen yang muncul terutama di antara kalangan penutur muda, kulit putih, wilayah perkotaan, dan pesisir. Sejak saat itu, dialek California menjadi populer dalam budaya hiburan Amerika dari penutur remaja dan dewasa muda yang berasal dari pesisir California. Bahasa Inggris California lainnya yang terdokumentasi mencakup aksen "pedesaan" yang sering dikaitkan dengan orang California kulit putih pedesaan dan pedalaman, aksen yang lebih tua yang pernah diucapkan oleh orang Amerika keturunan Irlandia di San Francisco, dan jenis yang sering diasosiasikan kepada . Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa orang California sendiri memahami batas linguistik antara California Utara dan Selatan. Ahli bahasa yang mempelajari bahasa Inggris seperti yang dituturkan di California sebelum dan dalam periode segera setelah Perang Dunia II cenderung menemukan sedikit pola yang unik di wilayah tersebut. Namun, karena California menjadi negara bagian Amerika Serikat yang paling beragam, penutur bahasa Inggris dari berbagai latar belakang mulai mengambil elemen-elemen linguistik yang berbeda satu sama lain sehingga tercipta beberapa dialek yang baru secara cepat. Saat ini, sebagian besar bahasa Inggris California pada dasarnya masih sangat mirip dengan Bahasa Inggris Amerika Umum, khususnya dengan . (in) L'anglais de Californie (California English en anglais) est une variation de l'anglais américain parlé en Californie. (fr) Californisch-Engels (Engels: Californian, California English of Californian English) is een variëteit van het Amerikaans-Engels zoals die gesproken wordt in de Amerikaanse deelstaat Californië. In tegenstelling tot gebieden in het oosten van de VS heeft Californië geen al te opvallend dialect. Bovendien wordt er in de staat - met een diverse bevolking - ook heel diverse dialecten gesproken. Er zijn twee stereotypes over het Californisch-Engels: de Valley girls (naar wie het sociolect vernoemd is) en surfer dudes. Toch spreken lang niet alle Californiërs zoals die stereotypes. Zo heeft Californië een redelijk grote bevolking Afro-Amerikanen, van wie een groot aandeel African American Vernacular English spreekt. Latino's en andere minderheden hebben eveneens een eigen tongval. (nl) L'inglese californiano (California English) è un dialetto della lingua inglese parlato in California. Stato più popoloso e terzo più esteso degli Stati Uniti d'America, la California è etnicamente molto variegata, elemento che ha contribuito e contribuisce tuttora al continuo sviluppo dell'inglese californiano. Naturalmente non tutte le caratteristiche di questo dialetto sono usate dalla totalità dei californiani, e alcune di queste caratteristiche sono riscontrabili anche al di fuori della California. Nonostante ciò, vi sono particolari caratteristiche linguistiche che possono essere identificate come originarie o predominanti in California, o entrambe le cose. (it) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://language-culture.binghamton.edu/symposia/7/index.html http://www.pds.pdx.edu/Publications/Ward.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20051031034539/http:/ling.ucsc.edu/Jorge/waksler.html https://web.archive.org/web/20070729111520/http:/www.pds.pdx.edu/Publications/Ward.pdf https://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/californian/ http://www.stanford.edu/~eckert/vowels.html http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/home.html |
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| dbp:footer | Top: signage at the 110 Freeway interchange in Los Angeles, with the leftmost sign for the 101 freeway north listing both its name, the Hollywood Freeway, as well as its destination, Ventura. (en) Bottom: signage at the Interstate 80 interchange in San Francisco, with the leftmost sign for US 101 north only listing its destination, the Golden Gate Bridge. (en) Signage along northbound U.S. Route 101, reflecting the different lexicon usage between Southern and Northern California. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | California English ist ein Dialekt der Englischen Sprache, der im US-amerikanischen Bundesstaat Kalifornien gesprochen wird. Als bevölkerungsreichster Bundesstaat der USA ist Kalifornien Heimat einer großen Zahl unterschiedlichster Bevölkerungsgruppen, was nicht ohne Auswirkungen auf die regionale Entwicklung des Englischen geblieben ist. Wie bei jeder Sprache, die in mehreren Ländern gesprochen wird, werden nicht sämtliche Eigenschaften des Englischen von jedem Sprecher in einem bestimmten Land nachvollzogen. Dennoch gibt es eine Reihe linguistischer Besonderheiten, die als originär kalifornisch bezeichnet werden können. (de) L'anglais de Californie (California English en anglais) est une variation de l'anglais américain parlé en Californie. (fr) Californisch-Engels (Engels: Californian, California English of Californian English) is een variëteit van het Amerikaans-Engels zoals die gesproken wordt in de Amerikaanse deelstaat Californië. In tegenstelling tot gebieden in het oosten van de VS heeft Californië geen al te opvallend dialect. Bovendien wordt er in de staat - met een diverse bevolking - ook heel diverse dialecten gesproken. Er zijn twee stereotypes over het Californisch-Engels: de Valley girls (naar wie het sociolect vernoemd is) en surfer dudes. Toch spreken lang niet alle Californiërs zoals die stereotypes. Zo heeft Californië een redelijk grote bevolking Afro-Amerikanen, van wie een groot aandeel African American Vernacular English spreekt. Latino's en andere minderheden hebben eveneens een eigen tongval. (nl) L'inglese californiano (California English) è un dialetto della lingua inglese parlato in California. Stato più popoloso e terzo più esteso degli Stati Uniti d'America, la California è etnicamente molto variegata, elemento che ha contribuito e contribuisce tuttora al continuo sviluppo dell'inglese californiano. Naturalmente non tutte le caratteristiche di questo dialetto sono usate dalla totalità dei californiani, e alcune di queste caratteristiche sono riscontrabili anche al di fuori della California. Nonostante ciò, vi sono particolari caratteristiche linguistiche che possono essere identificate come originarie o predominanti in California, o entrambe le cose. (it) California English (or Californian English) collectively refers to varieties of American English native to California. A distinctive vowel shift was only first noted by linguists in the 1980s in southern California and the San Francisco Bay Area of northern California. This helped to define an accent emerging primarily among youthful, white, urban, coastal speakers, and popularly associated with the valley girl and surfer dude youth subcultures. The possibility that this is, in fact, an age-specific variety of English is one hypothesis; however, certain features of this accent are intensifying and spreading geographically. (en) El inglés de California (California English en inglés) es un dialecto del idioma inglés que se habla en el estado estadounidense de California. El estado más poblado del país, California es el hogar de una población muy diversa, que se refleja en el histórico y continuo desarrollo del inglés de California. (es) Bahasa Inggris California secara kolektif mengacu pada dialek-dialek Bahasa Inggris Amerika yang berasal dari California. Pergeseran vokal yang khas pertama kali dicatat oleh ahli bahasa pada 1980-an di California Selatan dan Wilayah Teluk San Francisco di California Utara, mengindikasikan aksen yang muncul terutama di antara kalangan penutur muda, kulit putih, wilayah perkotaan, dan pesisir. Sejak saat itu, dialek California menjadi populer dalam budaya hiburan Amerika dari penutur remaja dan dewasa muda yang berasal dari pesisir California. Bahasa Inggris California lainnya yang terdokumentasi mencakup aksen "pedesaan" yang sering dikaitkan dengan orang California kulit putih pedesaan dan pedalaman, aksen yang lebih tua yang pernah diucapkan oleh orang Amerika keturunan Irlandia di San F (in) |
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