Charles H. Townes (original) (raw)
Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, EUA, 28 de juliol de 1915 - Berkeley, Califòrnia, 27 de gener de 2015) va ser un físic nord-americà guardonat amb el Premi Nobel de Física l'any 1964 pels seus treballs sobre el màser.
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| dbo:abstract | تشارلز هارد تاونز (بالإنجليزية: Charles Hard Townes) هو معلم وعالم فيزيائي أمريكي ، حاز جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1964م.ولد تشارلزتاونز في 28 يوليو 1915، ويشتهر بأعماله في نظرية وتطبيقات المايزر، حيث حاز من ورائها براءة الاختراع الأساسية. وله بحوث رائدة في مجال الإلكترونيات الكمومية والمتعلقة بأجهزة الليزر والمايزر، كما بحث في مجال العزم المغزلي للنواة الذرية nuclear spin . تشارك جائزة نوبل للفيزياء مع كل من نيكولاي باسوف والكسندر بروخروف. ينتمي تشارلز تازنز إلى كنيسة المسيح المتحدة وكان يعتقد أن العلم والعلوم متوازيان مع الدين وانهما متطابقان أكثر مما يظن كثير من الناس وعلى المدى الطويل يجب أن يلتقيان. (ar) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, EUA, 28 de juliol de 1915 - Berkeley, Califòrnia, 27 de gener de 2015) va ser un físic nord-americà guardonat amb el Premi Nobel de Física l'any 1964 pels seus treballs sobre el màser. (ca) Charles Hard Townes (28. července 1915 – 29. ledna 2015) byl americký nositel Nobelovy ceny za fyziku a pedagog. Townes je znám za svou práci v oblasti teorie a aplikace maseru, na který dostal základní patent, a další práce v oblasti kvantové elektroniky spojené jak s maserem, tak s laserovými zařízeními. Byl členem Papežské akademie věd (od 1983) a Národní akademie věd Spojených států. Dosáhl akademických titulů B.A. a B.S. na , dále M.A. na Duke University a Ph.D. na Caltechu. (cs) Ο Τσαρλς Χαρντ Τάουνς (Charles Hard Townes, 28 Ιουλίου 1915 - 27 Ιανουαρίου 2015) ήταν Αμερικανός φυσικός ο οποίος βραβεύτηκε το 1964 το με το βραβείο Νόμπελ Φυσικής. Βραβεύτηκε μαζί με τους Σοβιετικούς Νικολάι Μπασόφ και Αλεξάντερ Πρόχοροφ για τη θεμελιώδη εργασία τους στον τομέα της κβαντικής ηλεκτρονικής, η οποία οδήγησε στην κατασκευή ταλαντωτών και ενισχυτών βασισμένων στην αρχή Μέιζερ-λέιζερ. Πέθανε στις 27 Ιανουαρίου 2015 στο Όουκλαντ της Καλιφόρνιας σε ηλικία 99 ετών. (el) Charles Hard TOWNES (naskiĝis la 28-an de julio 1915 en Greenville/Suda Karolino, mortis la 27-an de januaro 2015 en Berkeley (Kalifornio)) estis usona fizikisto kaj nobel-premiito pri fiziko. (eo) Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist. Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices. He shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nikolay Basov and Alexander Prokhorov. Townes was an adviser to the United States Government, meeting every US president from Harry S. Truman (1945) to Bill Clinton (1999). He directed the US government's Science and Technology Advisory Committee for the Apollo lunar landing program. After becoming a professor of the University of California, Berkeley in 1967, he began an astrophysical program that produced several important discoveries, for example, the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Townes was religious and believed that science and religion are converging to provide a greater understanding of the nature and purpose of the universe. (en) Charles Hard Townes (* 28. Juli 1915 in Greenville, South Carolina; † 27. Januar 2015 in Oakland, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Physiker und Nobelpreisträger. (de) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, Carolina del Sur, 28 de julio de 1915 - Oakland, California, 27 de enero de 2015) fue un físico y profesor estadounidense, laureado con el premio Nobel de Física en 1964. Townes fue conocido por sus trabajos sobre la teoría y las aplicaciones del láser y del máser. (es) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, Hego Carolina, AEB, 1915eko uztailaren 28a - Oakland, Kalifornia, AEB, 2015eko urtarrilaren 27a) Estatu Batuetako fisikaria izan zen. (eu) Charles Hard Townes (né le 28 juillet 1915 à Greenville en Caroline du Sud et mort le 27 janvier 2015 à Berkeley en Californie) est un physicien et enseignant américain. Il est lauréat du prix Nobel de physique de 1964. (fr) Fisicí a rugadh i nGreenville, Carolina Theas ab ea Charles Hard Townes (28 Iúil 1915 – 27 Eanáir 2015). Bhuaigh sé Duais Nobel na Fisice le Nikolai Basov is Alexandr Prokhorov i 1964 as a shaothar chun an méasar agus an léasar a fhorbairt. (ga) Charles Hard Townes (28 Juli 1915 – 27 Januari 2015) ialah ilmuwan Amerika Serikat. Ia belajar di di kota itu. Setelah mengambil pasca sarjana di Universitas Duke dan Institut Teknologi California, antara tahun 1939–1947 ia bekerja di Laboratorium Bell untuk merancang sistem pembom yang dikendalikan radar. Lalu ia bekerja di Universitas Columbia di Jurusan Fisika. Pada tahun 1951 ketika duduk di bangku sebuah taman, gagasan mengenai maser (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation atau penguatan gelombang mikro oleh pemancaran radiasi yang terstimulasi) muncul dalam benaknya sebagai suatu cara untuk menghasilkan gelombang mikro berintensitas tinggi, dan pada tahun 1953 maser pertama mulai bekerja. Dalam peranti ini molekul amoniak dinaikkan ke tingkat vibrasional tereksitasi, lalu dimasukkan ke rongga resonan; di sini, seperti pada laser, pemancaran terstimulasi ditimbulkan sehingga menghasilkan kelompok foton yang panjang gelombangnya sama, dalam hal ini sama dengan 1,25 cm pada spektrum gelombang mikro. "Jam atom" berketelitian tinggi dibuat menurut konsep ini, dan penguatan maser zat padat dipakai juga dalam bidang semacam . Pada tahun 1958, Townes dan Arthur L. Schawlow menarik perhatian orang melalui makalah yang mengemukakan bahwa skema yang sama bisa dilaksanakan dalam daerah panjang gelombang optik. Sebelumnya, , seorang mahasiswa pascasarjana di Universitas Columbia telah menyimpulkan hal yang sama, tetapi ia tak menerbitkan hasil perhitungannya saat itu juga, karena ia mencari paten. Pada tahun 1964, Townes dan 2 pionir Uni Soviet, Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov dan Nikolai Gennadiyevich Basov menerima Penghargaan Nobel dalam Fisika. Townes menikahi istrinya Frances H. Brown pada tahun 1941. Mereka tinggal di Berkeley, California. Mereka memiliki empat anak perempuan, Linda Rosenwein, Ellen Anderson, Carla Kessler, dan Holly Townes. Townes meninggal pada usia 99 di Berkeley, California pada tanggal 27 Januari 2015. (in) 찰스 하드 타운스(Charles Hard Townes, 1915년 7월 28일 ~ 2015년 1월 27일)는 미국의 물리학자이다. 사우스캐롤라이나 그린빌 출생으로, 1951년에 메이저를 개발하는 데 기초가 되는 기본 원리를 밝혀냈다. 메이저는 분자나 원자가 들뜬 상태에서 바닥 상태로 떨어질 때 나오는 에너지를 이용해서 전파를 증폭하는 도구이다. 1958년에 아서 레너드 숄로와 함께 광파를 증폭시키는 도구인 레이저를 제안했다. 1964년 개량된 메이저를 만든 구소련의 물리학자 알렉산드르 프로호로프, 니콜라이 바소프와 함께 노벨 물리학상을 받았다.2005년에는 종교의 노벨상이라 불리는 템플턴상을 받았다. (ko) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, 28 luglio 1915 – Oakland, 27 gennaio 2015) è stato un fisico statunitense. (it) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, 28 juli 1915 – Berkeley, 27 januari 2015) was een Amerikaanse natuurkundige, onder meer bekend door zijn rol in de uitvinding en ontwikkeling van de maser en laser. (nl) チャールズ・ハード・タウンズ（Charles Hard Townes, 1915年7月28日 - 2015年1月27日）は、アメリカ合衆国の物理学者である。誘導放出による電磁波の増幅（メーザー、レーザー）の基本原理を発明した。メーザー、レーザーの発見及び量子エレクトロニクスの基礎的研究によりニコライ・バソフ、アレクサンドル・プロホロフと共に1964年のノーベル物理学賞を受賞した。 (ja) Charles Hard Townes (ur. 28 lipca 1915 w Greenville w stanie Karolina Południowa, zm. 27 stycznia 2015 w Berkeley) – amerykański fizyk, laureat Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki w roku 1964 za badania dotyczące elektroniki kwantowej i wynalezienie masera. Opracował też podstawy naukowe, które doprowadziły do skonstruowania lasera rubinowego przez jego studenta Theodore’a Maimana. (pl) Чарлз Хард Та́унс (англ. Charles Hard Townes; 28 июля 1915, Гринвилл, Южная Каролина — 27 января 2015, Окленд, Калифорния) — американский физик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по физике (1964). Член Национальной академии наук США (1956), иностранный член Лондонского королевского общества (1976), Российской академии наук (1994). (ru) Charles Hard Townes, född 28 juli 1915 i Greenville, South Carolina, USA, död 27 januari 2015 i Berkeley, Kalifornien, var en amerikansk fysiker, som arbetade med teorin och tillämpningen av masern, för vilken han erhöll det grundläggande patentet, och annat arbete inom kvantelektronik associerad med både maser- och laseranordningar. Tillsammans med Nikolaj G. Basov och Aleksandr M. Prochorov tilldelades han 1964 Nobelpriset i fysik "för grundläggande arbeten inom , som lett till framställning av oscillatorer och förstärkare enligt maser-laserprincipen". (sv) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, 28 de julho de 1915 – 27 de janeiro de 2015) foi um físico estadunidense. Foi Nobel de Física em 1964, por trabalhos fundamentais no campo da eletrônica quântica, conduzindo à construção de osciladores e amplificadores baseados no princípio dos maser e laser. Townes era religioso e acreditava que a ciência e a religião estão convergindo para proporcionar uma maior compreensão da natureza e propósito do universo. (pt) Чарлз Гард Таунс (англ. Charles Hard Townes, 28 липня 1915, Грінвілл, Південна Кароліна — 27 січня 2015, Берклі, Каліфорнія) — американський фізик, лауреат Нобелівської премії з фізики (1964). Член Національної академії наук США (1956), (1994). (uk) 查爾斯·哈德·湯斯（英語：Charles Hard Townes，1915年7月28日－2015年1月27日），生于美國南卡罗来纳州格林维尔，美国物理学家、教育家。 让汤斯闻名的是激微波的理论和应用，其中他得到了根本性的专利，并与激微波和激光两种设备连接量子电子学等工作。1964年，汤斯和巴索夫和普罗霍罗夫分享同获了诺贝尔物理学奖。1967年起，他担任加州大学伯克利分校教授直至退休。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, EUA, 28 de juliol de 1915 - Berkeley, Califòrnia, 27 de gener de 2015) va ser un físic nord-americà guardonat amb el Premi Nobel de Física l'any 1964 pels seus treballs sobre el màser. (ca) Charles Hard Townes (28. července 1915 – 29. ledna 2015) byl americký nositel Nobelovy ceny za fyziku a pedagog. Townes je znám za svou práci v oblasti teorie a aplikace maseru, na který dostal základní patent, a další práce v oblasti kvantové elektroniky spojené jak s maserem, tak s laserovými zařízeními. Byl členem Papežské akademie věd (od 1983) a Národní akademie věd Spojených států. Dosáhl akademických titulů B.A. a B.S. na , dále M.A. na Duke University a Ph.D. na Caltechu. (cs) Ο Τσαρλς Χαρντ Τάουνς (Charles Hard Townes, 28 Ιουλίου 1915 - 27 Ιανουαρίου 2015) ήταν Αμερικανός φυσικός ο οποίος βραβεύτηκε το 1964 το με το βραβείο Νόμπελ Φυσικής. Βραβεύτηκε μαζί με τους Σοβιετικούς Νικολάι Μπασόφ και Αλεξάντερ Πρόχοροφ για τη θεμελιώδη εργασία τους στον τομέα της κβαντικής ηλεκτρονικής, η οποία οδήγησε στην κατασκευή ταλαντωτών και ενισχυτών βασισμένων στην αρχή Μέιζερ-λέιζερ. Πέθανε στις 27 Ιανουαρίου 2015 στο Όουκλαντ της Καλιφόρνιας σε ηλικία 99 ετών. (el) Charles Hard TOWNES (naskiĝis la 28-an de julio 1915 en Greenville/Suda Karolino, mortis la 27-an de januaro 2015 en Berkeley (Kalifornio)) estis usona fizikisto kaj nobel-premiito pri fiziko. (eo) Charles Hard Townes (* 28. Juli 1915 in Greenville, South Carolina; † 27. Januar 2015 in Oakland, Kalifornien) war ein US-amerikanischer Physiker und Nobelpreisträger. (de) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, Carolina del Sur, 28 de julio de 1915 - Oakland, California, 27 de enero de 2015) fue un físico y profesor estadounidense, laureado con el premio Nobel de Física en 1964. Townes fue conocido por sus trabajos sobre la teoría y las aplicaciones del láser y del máser. (es) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, Hego Carolina, AEB, 1915eko uztailaren 28a - Oakland, Kalifornia, AEB, 2015eko urtarrilaren 27a) Estatu Batuetako fisikaria izan zen. (eu) Charles Hard Townes (né le 28 juillet 1915 à Greenville en Caroline du Sud et mort le 27 janvier 2015 à Berkeley en Californie) est un physicien et enseignant américain. Il est lauréat du prix Nobel de physique de 1964. (fr) Fisicí a rugadh i nGreenville, Carolina Theas ab ea Charles Hard Townes (28 Iúil 1915 – 27 Eanáir 2015). Bhuaigh sé Duais Nobel na Fisice le Nikolai Basov is Alexandr Prokhorov i 1964 as a shaothar chun an méasar agus an léasar a fhorbairt. (ga) 찰스 하드 타운스(Charles Hard Townes, 1915년 7월 28일 ~ 2015년 1월 27일)는 미국의 물리학자이다. 사우스캐롤라이나 그린빌 출생으로, 1951년에 메이저를 개발하는 데 기초가 되는 기본 원리를 밝혀냈다. 메이저는 분자나 원자가 들뜬 상태에서 바닥 상태로 떨어질 때 나오는 에너지를 이용해서 전파를 증폭하는 도구이다. 1958년에 아서 레너드 숄로와 함께 광파를 증폭시키는 도구인 레이저를 제안했다. 1964년 개량된 메이저를 만든 구소련의 물리학자 알렉산드르 프로호로프, 니콜라이 바소프와 함께 노벨 물리학상을 받았다.2005년에는 종교의 노벨상이라 불리는 템플턴상을 받았다. (ko) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, 28 luglio 1915 – Oakland, 27 gennaio 2015) è stato un fisico statunitense. (it) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, 28 juli 1915 – Berkeley, 27 januari 2015) was een Amerikaanse natuurkundige, onder meer bekend door zijn rol in de uitvinding en ontwikkeling van de maser en laser. (nl) チャールズ・ハード・タウンズ（Charles Hard Townes, 1915年7月28日 - 2015年1月27日）は、アメリカ合衆国の物理学者である。誘導放出による電磁波の増幅（メーザー、レーザー）の基本原理を発明した。メーザー、レーザーの発見及び量子エレクトロニクスの基礎的研究によりニコライ・バソフ、アレクサンドル・プロホロフと共に1964年のノーベル物理学賞を受賞した。 (ja) Charles Hard Townes (ur. 28 lipca 1915 w Greenville w stanie Karolina Południowa, zm. 27 stycznia 2015 w Berkeley) – amerykański fizyk, laureat Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki w roku 1964 za badania dotyczące elektroniki kwantowej i wynalezienie masera. Opracował też podstawy naukowe, które doprowadziły do skonstruowania lasera rubinowego przez jego studenta Theodore’a Maimana. (pl) Чарлз Хард Та́унс (англ. Charles Hard Townes; 28 июля 1915, Гринвилл, Южная Каролина — 27 января 2015, Окленд, Калифорния) — американский физик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по физике (1964). Член Национальной академии наук США (1956), иностранный член Лондонского королевского общества (1976), Российской академии наук (1994). (ru) Charles Hard Townes, född 28 juli 1915 i Greenville, South Carolina, USA, död 27 januari 2015 i Berkeley, Kalifornien, var en amerikansk fysiker, som arbetade med teorin och tillämpningen av masern, för vilken han erhöll det grundläggande patentet, och annat arbete inom kvantelektronik associerad med både maser- och laseranordningar. Tillsammans med Nikolaj G. Basov och Aleksandr M. Prochorov tilldelades han 1964 Nobelpriset i fysik "för grundläggande arbeten inom , som lett till framställning av oscillatorer och förstärkare enligt maser-laserprincipen". (sv) Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, 28 de julho de 1915 – 27 de janeiro de 2015) foi um físico estadunidense. Foi Nobel de Física em 1964, por trabalhos fundamentais no campo da eletrônica quântica, conduzindo à construção de osciladores e amplificadores baseados no princípio dos maser e laser. Townes era religioso e acreditava que a ciência e a religião estão convergindo para proporcionar uma maior compreensão da natureza e propósito do universo. (pt) Чарлз Гард Таунс (англ. Charles Hard Townes, 28 липня 1915, Грінвілл, Південна Кароліна — 27 січня 2015, Берклі, Каліфорнія) — американський фізик, лауреат Нобелівської премії з фізики (1964). Член Національної академії наук США (1956), (1994). (uk) 查爾斯·哈德·湯斯（英語：Charles Hard Townes，1915年7月28日－2015年1月27日），生于美國南卡罗来纳州格林维尔，美国物理学家、教育家。 让汤斯闻名的是激微波的理论和应用，其中他得到了根本性的专利，并与激微波和激光两种设备连接量子电子学等工作。1964年，汤斯和巴索夫和普罗霍罗夫分享同获了诺贝尔物理学奖。1967年起，他担任加州大学伯克利分校教授直至退休。 (zh) تشارلز هارد تاونز (بالإنجليزية: Charles Hard Townes) هو معلم وعالم فيزيائي أمريكي ، حاز جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1964م.ولد تشارلزتاونز في 28 يوليو 1915، ويشتهر بأعماله في نظرية وتطبيقات المايزر، حيث حاز من ورائها براءة الاختراع الأساسية. وله بحوث رائدة في مجال الإلكترونيات الكمومية والمتعلقة بأجهزة الليزر والمايزر، كما بحث في مجال العزم المغزلي للنواة الذرية nuclear spin . تشارك جائزة نوبل للفيزياء مع كل من نيكولاي باسوف والكسندر بروخروف. (ar) Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist. Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices. He shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nikolay Basov and Alexander Prokhorov. Townes was an adviser to the United States Government, meeting every US president from Harry S. Truman (1945) to Bill Clinton (1999). (en) Charles Hard Townes (28 Juli 1915 – 27 Januari 2015) ialah ilmuwan Amerika Serikat. Ia belajar di di kota itu. Setelah mengambil pasca sarjana di Universitas Duke dan Institut Teknologi California, antara tahun 1939–1947 ia bekerja di Laboratorium Bell untuk merancang sistem pembom yang dikendalikan radar. Lalu ia bekerja di Universitas Columbia di Jurusan Fisika. Pada tahun 1964, Townes dan 2 pionir Uni Soviet, Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov dan Nikolai Gennadiyevich Basov menerima Penghargaan Nobel dalam Fisika. (in) |
| rdfs:label | تشارلز تاونز (ar) Charles Hard Townes (ca) Charles Hard Townes (cs) Charles Hard Townes (de) Τσαρλς Χαρντ Τάουνς (el) Charles Hard Townes (eo) Charles Hard Townes (es) Charles H. Townes (en) Charles H. Townes (eu) Charles Hard Townes (ga) Charles H. Townes (in) Charles Townes (fr) Charles Hard Townes (it) 찰스 하드 타운스 (ko) チャールズ・タウンズ (ja) Charles Townes (nl) Charles Townes (pl) Charles Hard Townes (pt) Таунс, Чарлз Хард (ru) Charles H. Townes (sv) 查尔斯·汤斯 (zh) Чарлз Гард Таунс (uk) |
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