Chinese paper cutting (original) (raw)
De papierknipkunst in China bestaat uit ontwerpen en patronen die uit papier gesneden of geknipt worden. De Chinese papierknipkunst (ook wel knipselkunst) is een van de oudste vormen van volkskunst. Waarschijnlijk werden voor de introductie van papier in de eerste eeuw voor Christus al patronen in leer en dunne metalen plaatjes gesneden.
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| dbo:abstract | The art of paper cutting (Chinese: 剪纸; pinyin: jiǎnzhǐ) in China may date back to the 2nd century CE, when paper was invented by Cai Lun, a court official of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As paper became more affordable, paper-cutting became one of the most important types of Chinese folk art. Later, this art form spread to other parts of the world, with different regions adopting their own cultural styles. Because the cut-outs are often used to decorate doors and windows, they are sometimes referred to as 窗花; chuāng huā, "window flowers" or "window paper-cuts". These cut-paper decorations are often glued to the exterior of windows, so the light from the inside shines through the negative space of the cutout. Usually, the artworks are made of red paper, as red is associated with festivities and happiness in Chinese culture, but other colours are also used. Normally cut-paper artwork is used on festivals such as Chinese New Year, weddings and childbirth, as cut-paper artwork is considered to symbolize luck and happiness. (en) Le Jiǎnzhǐ (chinois simplifié : 剪纸 ; chinois traditionnel : 剪紙 ; pinyin : jiǎnzhǐ ; litt. « papier (dé)coupé »), appelé en français, papier découpé chinois, est une forme artistique de pliage et de découpage de papier, existant au moins depuis le VIe siècle. Les motifs principaux sont des animaux, dont les signes astrologiques, des fleurs ou d'autres formes découpées aux ciseaux ou avec un couteau. Les papiers-découpés chinois servant essentiellement à l'ornementation des portes ou des fenêtres, ils sont aussi appelés fleurs de fenêtres ou silhouettes découpées. Le papier peut être uni ou multicolore ; différentes sortes de papier peuvent être utilisés. Les plus doués peuvent même couper différents motifs sans arrêter leurs ciseaux. (fr) De papierknipkunst in China bestaat uit ontwerpen en patronen die uit papier gesneden of geknipt worden. De Chinese papierknipkunst (ook wel knipselkunst) is een van de oudste vormen van volkskunst. Waarschijnlijk werden voor de introductie van papier in de eerste eeuw voor Christus al patronen in leer en dunne metalen plaatjes gesneden. (nl) 剪紙（せんし、jiǎnzhǐ ジエン・ジー）は、中国の伝統的な民間芸術の切り絵細工である。黄河流域を代表例として、中国各地で作られており、地方により作風や題材、作り方、使われ方が異なるが、一般的には、花や動物、日常風景や生活習慣、物語などの図案を紙にハサミで切ったものが剪紙と呼ばれる。これに対し、小刀で切り出される切り紙細工を、特に「刻紙（クヮ・ジー）と呼ぶが、こちらは職人が商品として発展させてきたものである。 (ja) A Arte chinesa do papel ou Arte chinesa do corte de papel é uma arte tradicional na China e que evoluiu no curso do desenvolvimento da cultura chinesa. Sua origem deve ser estreitamente relacionada à invenção do papel, que ocorreu durante a dinastia Hã (206 a.C.–221 d.C.). À medida que o papel se tornava mais acessível, o corte de papel tornou-se um dos mais importantes tipos de arte popular chinesa. Mais tarde, esta forma de arte se espalhou para outras partes do mundo, com diferentes regiões adotando seus próprios estilos culturais. Como os recortes são frequentemente usados para decorar portas e janelas, são às vezes chamados de chuāng huā (窗花), flores de janela ou corte de papel de janela. As pessoas colavam os recortes de papel no exterior das janelas para que a luz interior brilhasse pelo espaço negativo do recorte. (pt) Kinesiska pappersklipp (kinesiska: 剪纸, pinyin: Jiǎnzhǐ) är en traditionell konstform som utövats i Kina åtminstone sedan 500-talet. Man har klippt figurer och mönster i papper för att dekorera sina hem. Denna folkkonst räknas av Unesco som ett immateriellt kulturarv. (sv) 中国剪纸是中国最古老的民间藝术之一，有人认为剪纸的前身可追溯到汉唐妇女使用金银箔剪成方胜贴在鬓角为饰的风俗。而貼在窗戶上的剪紙又稱窗花。 早期的剪纸多见于丧葬、祭祀等仪式中，大约跟道家的灵媒神务有关，例如杜甫的《彭衙行》中就有“暖汤濯我足，剪纸招我魂”的明确记载。时至今日部份地區仍有年节剪鬼神之形贴于牛栏、门楣之上的巫术习俗，西南山区的集市上多有由专门的剪纸作坊批量生产的神符备售，各家各户的灶台楼阁细处也是每年一换。 民间剪纸至今依然保存了丰富的支脉，许多地方逢年过节，婚丧嫁娶，乡民都会自备剪纸点缀墙壁、门窗、房柱、镜子等处，以表祈祷福寿，吉祥如意之意。全国各地都 能见到剪纸，甚至形成了不同地方风格流派，比较著名的就有高密剪纸、佛山剪纸等等。总体而论，北方剪纸粗犷豪放、純朴简练，南方剪纸则更倾于秀雅繁茂、精致和美。 其中不乏群众耳闻乐见的题材，像八仙过海、百年好合、麒麟送子、等等。 民间艺术向来相互影响、相互促进，例如刺绣，它的图案先用纸画好裁出，俗称纸样，然后才粘贴到面料上起绣；又如皮影人物的刻绘，也和剪纸的造型一脉相连。 由于开风日盛，年轻人多数谋生在市，目下擅长剪纸的多是边村远城中的老年妇女，随着她们的逝世，剪纸艺术日渐濒临消亡。相关人士正在努力挽救，一面收集各地的创作以充库存，另议为剪纸艺术创造一个商品化的环境，使它能够直接产生经济效益，以望推陈出新，发扬光大。 (zh) Цзяньчжи (剪纸 Jiǎnzhǐ) — мистецтво вирізання візерунків з паперу. Один з видів традиційного народного декоративно-прикладного мистецтва Китаю, який недавно був віднесений ЮНЕСКО до числа світової культурної спадщини. (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | De papierknipkunst in China bestaat uit ontwerpen en patronen die uit papier gesneden of geknipt worden. De Chinese papierknipkunst (ook wel knipselkunst) is een van de oudste vormen van volkskunst. Waarschijnlijk werden voor de introductie van papier in de eerste eeuw voor Christus al patronen in leer en dunne metalen plaatjes gesneden. (nl) 剪紙（せんし、jiǎnzhǐ ジエン・ジー）は、中国の伝統的な民間芸術の切り絵細工である。黄河流域を代表例として、中国各地で作られており、地方により作風や題材、作り方、使われ方が異なるが、一般的には、花や動物、日常風景や生活習慣、物語などの図案を紙にハサミで切ったものが剪紙と呼ばれる。これに対し、小刀で切り出される切り紙細工を、特に「刻紙（クヮ・ジー）と呼ぶが、こちらは職人が商品として発展させてきたものである。 (ja) Kinesiska pappersklipp (kinesiska: 剪纸, pinyin: Jiǎnzhǐ) är en traditionell konstform som utövats i Kina åtminstone sedan 500-talet. Man har klippt figurer och mönster i papper för att dekorera sina hem. Denna folkkonst räknas av Unesco som ett immateriellt kulturarv. (sv) 中国剪纸是中国最古老的民间藝术之一，有人认为剪纸的前身可追溯到汉唐妇女使用金银箔剪成方胜贴在鬓角为饰的风俗。而貼在窗戶上的剪紙又稱窗花。 早期的剪纸多见于丧葬、祭祀等仪式中，大约跟道家的灵媒神务有关，例如杜甫的《彭衙行》中就有“暖汤濯我足，剪纸招我魂”的明确记载。时至今日部份地區仍有年节剪鬼神之形贴于牛栏、门楣之上的巫术习俗，西南山区的集市上多有由专门的剪纸作坊批量生产的神符备售，各家各户的灶台楼阁细处也是每年一换。 民间剪纸至今依然保存了丰富的支脉，许多地方逢年过节，婚丧嫁娶，乡民都会自备剪纸点缀墙壁、门窗、房柱、镜子等处，以表祈祷福寿，吉祥如意之意。全国各地都 能见到剪纸，甚至形成了不同地方风格流派，比较著名的就有高密剪纸、佛山剪纸等等。总体而论，北方剪纸粗犷豪放、純朴简练，南方剪纸则更倾于秀雅繁茂、精致和美。 其中不乏群众耳闻乐见的题材，像八仙过海、百年好合、麒麟送子、等等。 民间艺术向来相互影响、相互促进，例如刺绣，它的图案先用纸画好裁出，俗称纸样，然后才粘贴到面料上起绣；又如皮影人物的刻绘，也和剪纸的造型一脉相连。 由于开风日盛，年轻人多数谋生在市，目下擅长剪纸的多是边村远城中的老年妇女，随着她们的逝世，剪纸艺术日渐濒临消亡。相关人士正在努力挽救，一面收集各地的创作以充库存，另议为剪纸艺术创造一个商品化的环境，使它能够直接产生经济效益，以望推陈出新，发扬光大。 (zh) Цзяньчжи (剪纸 Jiǎnzhǐ) — мистецтво вирізання візерунків з паперу. Один з видів традиційного народного декоративно-прикладного мистецтва Китаю, який недавно був віднесений ЮНЕСКО до числа світової культурної спадщини. (uk) The art of paper cutting (Chinese: 剪纸; pinyin: jiǎnzhǐ) in China may date back to the 2nd century CE, when paper was invented by Cai Lun, a court official of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As paper became more affordable, paper-cutting became one of the most important types of Chinese folk art. Later, this art form spread to other parts of the world, with different regions adopting their own cultural styles. Because the cut-outs are often used to decorate doors and windows, they are sometimes referred to as 窗花; chuāng huā, "window flowers" or "window paper-cuts". These cut-paper decorations are often glued to the exterior of windows, so the light from the inside shines through the negative space of the cutout. Usually, the artworks are made of red paper, as red is associated with festivities and (en) Le Jiǎnzhǐ (chinois simplifié : 剪纸 ; chinois traditionnel : 剪紙 ; pinyin : jiǎnzhǐ ; litt. « papier (dé)coupé »), appelé en français, papier découpé chinois, est une forme artistique de pliage et de découpage de papier, existant au moins depuis le VIe siècle. Les motifs principaux sont des animaux, dont les signes astrologiques, des fleurs ou d'autres formes découpées aux ciseaux ou avec un couteau. Les papiers-découpés chinois servant essentiellement à l'ornementation des portes ou des fenêtres, ils sont aussi appelés fleurs de fenêtres ou silhouettes découpées. (fr) A Arte chinesa do papel ou Arte chinesa do corte de papel é uma arte tradicional na China e que evoluiu no curso do desenvolvimento da cultura chinesa. Sua origem deve ser estreitamente relacionada à invenção do papel, que ocorreu durante a dinastia Hã (206 a.C.–221 d.C.). À medida que o papel se tornava mais acessível, o corte de papel tornou-se um dos mais importantes tipos de arte popular chinesa. Mais tarde, esta forma de arte se espalhou para outras partes do mundo, com diferentes regiões adotando seus próprios estilos culturais. Como os recortes são frequentemente usados para decorar portas e janelas, são às vezes chamados de chuāng huā (窗花), flores de janela ou corte de papel de janela. As pessoas colavam os recortes de papel no exterior das janelas para que a luz interior brilha (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Chinese paper cutting (en) Papier découpé chinois (fr) 剪紙 (ja) Papierknipkunst in China (nl) Arte chinesa do papel (pt) Kinesiska pappersklipp (sv) 中國剪紙 (zh) Цзяньчжи (uk) |
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