Coal mining (original) (raw)
- La mineria del carbó té com a objectiu extreure carbó del subsol. El carbó és una valuosa font energètica i des de la dècada de 1880 es fa servir per produir electricitat. Les indústries de l'acer i el ciment utilitzen carbó com a combustible per extreure ferro de les menes ferroses i per produir ciment. La indústria minera del carbó té una llarga història d'impacte sanitari i ambiental negatius sobre els ecosistemes locals, els impactes de la salut en les comunitats locals i els treballadors, i contribueix molt a les crisis ambientals mundials, com ara la contaminació de l'aire i el canvi climàtic. Per aquestes raons, el carbó ha estat un dels primers combustibles fòssils per ser gradualment eliminat de diverses parts de l'economia energètica global. Però a dia d'avui (2021) la majoria dels principals països productors de carbó, com ara la Xina, Indonèsia, l'Índia o Austràlia, estan augmentant la seva producció per substituir les caigudes d'Europa i els EUA. (ca)
- تعدين الفحم هو عملية استخراج الفحم من الأرض ويتم تقدير الفحم لمحتوى الطاقة ومنذ ثمانينيات القرن التاسع عشر تم استخدامه على نطاق واسع لتوليد الكهرباء. وتستخدم صناعات الصلب والإسمنت الفحم كوقود لاستخراج الحديد من خام الحديد وإنتاج الإسمنت في المملكة المتحدة وجنوب أفريقيا. منجم الفحم الهياكل تكون تحت سطحي أو الهياكل فوق الأرض في أستراليا، يشير «كولييري» عموما إلى منجم فحم تحت الأرض. في الولايات المتحدة «كوليري» استخدمت لوصف عملية مناجم الفحم ولكن في الوقت الحاضر كلمة لا تستخدم عادة. وكان لتعدين الفحم تطورات كثيرة خلال السنوات الأخيرة منذ الأيام الأولى لعمل الانفاق والحفر واستخراج الفحم يدويا على العربات إلى قطع كبيرة مفتوحة ومناجم طويلة ويتطلب التعدين على هذا المقياس استخدام خطوط السحب والشاحنات والناقلات والرافعات الهيدروليكية وأجهزة القص. (ar)
- Těžba uhlí je proces získávání suroviny (uhlí) z svrchních vrstev zemské kůry. (cs)
- Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a colliery, a coal mine is called a 'pit', and the above-ground structures are a 'pit head'. In Australia, "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine. Coal mining has had many developments in recent years, from the early days of men tunneling, digging and manually extracting the coal on carts to large open-cut and longwall mines. Mining at this scale requires the use of draglines, trucks, conveyors, hydraulic jacks and shearers. The coal mining industry has a long history of significant negative environmental impacts on local ecosystems, health impacts on local communities and workers, and contributes heavily to the global environmental crises, such as poor air quality and climate change. For these reasons, coal has been one of the first fossil fuels to be phased out of various parts of the global energy economy. The major coal producing countries, though, such as China, Indonesia, India and Australia, have not reached peak production, with production increases replacing falls in Europe and US and proposed mines under development. (en)
- El objetivo de la minería de carbón es la obtención de carbón y a veces otros recursos del suelo. El carbón es valorado por su contenido energético y, desde la década de 1880, ha sido ampliamente utilizado para generar electricidad. Las industrias de acero y cemento usan carbón como combustible para la extracción de hierro de rocas y minerales y para la producción de cemento. La minería de carbón ha tenido en años recientes varios avances, desde los tiempos de hombres haciendo túneles, excavando y extrayendo manualmente el carbón en carros hasta minas al cielo abierto y de frente largo. La minería a esta escala requiere el uso de dragalinas, camiones, sistemas de transporte, gatos hidráulicos y pinzas. (es)
- L'extraction du charbon est le processus de collecte de charbon dans le sol. Le charbon représente une (en) fossile et, depuis les années 1880, il est largement exploité dans les centrales électriques. Les industries de l'acier et du béton se servent du charbon pour alimenter l'extraction des minerais et la production des matériaux. Depuis l'époque où les humains creusaient des tunnels pour extraire manuellement le minerai, l'extraction du charbon a connu de nombreuses évolutions ; il est extrait de Mines à ciel ouvert ou de longues tailles. L'exploitation moderne utilise des draglines, des camions, des convoyeurs, des crics hydrauliques... Les industries d'extraction du charbon présentent une longue histoire d'effets négatifs sur (en) des communautés entourant une mine ; le charbon participe aux problèmes de réchauffement climatique et de pollution atmosphérique. Pour ces raisons, le charbon est une des premières cibles de la sortie des combustibles fossiles dans le secteur énergétique mondial. La plupart des grands producteurs de charbon, comme la Chine, l'Indonésie, l' (en) et l'Australie, n'ont pas atteint leur production maximale ; leur extraction vient remplacer celle, en déclin, de l'Europe et des États-Unis. (fr)
- Eastóscadh guail as doimhneacht éigin faoin talamh. In eastóscadh dromchla, bíonn an gual gar don dromchla. Baintear an scraith uachtair chun siúil, eastósctar an gual, agus cuirtear an scraith uachtair ar ais chun an comhshaol a athshlánú. I dtrasmhianadóireacht, bíonn an gual taobh istigh de chlaonán, tochlaítear tollán cothrománach i dtaobh an chlaonáin, agus baintear an gual amach ar iarnród nó crios iompair. I mianadóireacht dhomhain is an gual an-domhain faoin dromchla, is gá poll mianaigh a thochailt le tolláin chothrománacha amach uaidh do na síoga guail. Tochlaítear an gual (go meicniúil den chuid is mó anois) agus iompraítear ar chreasa iompair go dtí na poill é le hiompar don dromchla. Bíonn contúirtí ar leith ag baint le mianadóireacht guail. Is féidir go dtarlóidh pléascadh mar thoradh ar na gáis a fhuasclaítear is púdar mín an ghuail san aer, agus mar sin is gá aerú éifeachtach uilíoch leanúnach sa mhianach. Is gá na tolláin is na poill a chaomhnú is a neartú i gcoinne a gcliste. Is é gual an breosla iontaisithe is flúirsí ar Domhan, agus meastar go bhfuil cúltaiscí milliún milliún tonna de ann. Táirgeadh timpeall 4,780 milliún tonna i 2001, agus as sin tháirg an tSín 1,323 milliún, na Stáit Aontaithe 1,023 milliún, an Astráil 324 milliún, an India 307 milliún, an Rúis 272 milliún, an Afraic Theas 233 milliún, an Ghearmáin 205 milliún, is an Pholainn 162 milliún. (ga)
- Penambangan batu bara adalah proses batu bara dari tanah. Batu bara bernilai untuk , dan, sejak 1880an, telah banyak dipakai untuk membangkitkan listrik. Industri-industri baja dan semen memakai batu bara sebagai bahan bakar untuk penyarian besi dari bijih besi dan untuk produksi semen. (in)
- 탄광(炭鑛), 채탄(採炭)은 땅으로부터 석탄을 추출해 내는 과정이다. 석탄은 에너지원으로 가치가 있으며 1880년대 이후로 발전(發電)용으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 철과 시멘트 산업은 철광석으로부터 철을 추출하거나 시멘트 생산을 하기 위한 연료로 석탄을 활용하고 있다. 탄광은 근래 여러 해에 걸쳐 수많은 발전을 거듭해왔다. (ko)
- Per estrazione del carbone si intende la pratica di prelevamento del carbone fossile dal sottosuolo terrestre. (it)
- Розро́блення вугільних родовищ (рос. разработка угольных месторождений, англ. development of coal fields, exploitation of coal fields, нім. Kohlenlagerstättenabbau m) – комплекс робіт з безпосереднього вилучення вугілля або фізично-хімічне перетворення вугілля в горючі гази за місцем залягання і подальше вилучення газу. (uk)
- 煤炭开采又稱採煤,是指从地下提取煤炭的过程。煤炭因其高而受到重视,自19世纪80年代以来,被广泛用于发电。例如钢铁和水泥行业就使用煤炭作为燃料。 近年来,煤矿开采技術有了長足進展,从早期的人工挖掘的隧道、用手推车手动采煤到現今的大型露天矿和。这种规模的开采需要用到、卡车、、液压千斤頂和剪切机。 煤炭开采业有着悠久的历史,並对当地的生态系统产生了重大的负面影响,例如會对当地社区和工人的健康产生了影响,并使得空气质量日益惡化,加速全球变暖。由于这些原因,煤炭已经成为全球能源中最先被淘汰的化石燃料之一。大多数主要产煤国,如中国、印度尼西亚、印度和澳大利亚,还没有达到生产高峰,因此欧洲和美国的下降的煤炭開採量被這些國家增加的产量所取代。 (zh)
- http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/1organic/coal.html
- http://saleemali.newsvine.com/_news/2006/12/06/470322-minding-our-minerals
- http://www.coal.gov.uk/resources/cleanercoaltechnologies/CoalMineandbedmethane.cfm
- http://www.ncm.org.uk/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20081013144159/http:/www.coal.gov.uk/resources/cleanercoaltechnologies/CoalMineandbedmethane.cfm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20140410205101/http:/www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coal_mining.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20140516231051/http:/abandonedmines.org/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20141005205750/http:/www.coaleducation.org/glossary.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20190624052201/http:/www.ironminers.com/
- http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html
- http://www.worldcoal.org/pages/content/index.asp%3FPageID=92
- https://www.gbreports.com/files/pdf/_2018/Turkey_Mining_2018_-_Web_Version.pdf
- https://www.nmrs.org.uk/mines-map/coal-mining-in-the-british-isles/
- http://www.rlv.si/si/VRRLV/nacrt.html/
- https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-coal-mine-tracker/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20080704131644/http:/www.uow.edu.au/eng/longwall/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20170825164620/https:/www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/surveillance/ords/CoalWorkersHealthSurvProgram.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20190927032436/http:/www.rlv.si/si/VRRLV/nacrt.html/
- http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/energy/images/CMM/CMM_CE/Turkey_2019/3._2019-_CBM_Workshop-M_Ersoy-100619.pdf
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- Těžba uhlí je proces získávání suroviny (uhlí) z svrchních vrstev zemské kůry. (cs)
- Penambangan batu bara adalah proses batu bara dari tanah. Batu bara bernilai untuk , dan, sejak 1880an, telah banyak dipakai untuk membangkitkan listrik. Industri-industri baja dan semen memakai batu bara sebagai bahan bakar untuk penyarian besi dari bijih besi dan untuk produksi semen. (in)
- 탄광(炭鑛), 채탄(採炭)은 땅으로부터 석탄을 추출해 내는 과정이다. 석탄은 에너지원으로 가치가 있으며 1880년대 이후로 발전(發電)용으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 철과 시멘트 산업은 철광석으로부터 철을 추출하거나 시멘트 생산을 하기 위한 연료로 석탄을 활용하고 있다. 탄광은 근래 여러 해에 걸쳐 수많은 발전을 거듭해왔다. (ko)
- Per estrazione del carbone si intende la pratica di prelevamento del carbone fossile dal sottosuolo terrestre. (it)
- Розро́блення вугільних родовищ (рос. разработка угольных месторождений, англ. development of coal fields, exploitation of coal fields, нім. Kohlenlagerstättenabbau m) – комплекс робіт з безпосереднього вилучення вугілля або фізично-хімічне перетворення вугілля в горючі гази за місцем залягання і подальше вилучення газу. (uk)
- 煤炭开采又稱採煤,是指从地下提取煤炭的过程。煤炭因其高而受到重视,自19世纪80年代以来,被广泛用于发电。例如钢铁和水泥行业就使用煤炭作为燃料。 近年来,煤矿开采技術有了長足進展,从早期的人工挖掘的隧道、用手推车手动采煤到現今的大型露天矿和。这种规模的开采需要用到、卡车、、液压千斤頂和剪切机。 煤炭开采业有着悠久的历史,並对当地的生态系统产生了重大的负面影响,例如會对当地社区和工人的健康产生了影响,并使得空气质量日益惡化,加速全球变暖。由于这些原因,煤炭已经成为全球能源中最先被淘汰的化石燃料之一。大多数主要产煤国,如中国、印度尼西亚、印度和澳大利亚,还没有达到生产高峰,因此欧洲和美国的下降的煤炭開採量被這些國家增加的产量所取代。 (zh)
- تعدين الفحم هو عملية استخراج الفحم من الأرض ويتم تقدير الفحم لمحتوى الطاقة ومنذ ثمانينيات القرن التاسع عشر تم استخدامه على نطاق واسع لتوليد الكهرباء. وتستخدم صناعات الصلب والإسمنت الفحم كوقود لاستخراج الحديد من خام الحديد وإنتاج الإسمنت في المملكة المتحدة وجنوب أفريقيا. منجم الفحم الهياكل تكون تحت سطحي أو الهياكل فوق الأرض في أستراليا، يشير «كولييري» عموما إلى منجم فحم تحت الأرض. في الولايات المتحدة «كوليري» استخدمت لوصف عملية مناجم الفحم ولكن في الوقت الحاضر كلمة لا تستخدم عادة. (ar)
- La mineria del carbó té com a objectiu extreure carbó del subsol. El carbó és una valuosa font energètica i des de la dècada de 1880 es fa servir per produir electricitat. Les indústries de l'acer i el ciment utilitzen carbó com a combustible per extreure ferro de les menes ferroses i per produir ciment. (ca)
- Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a colliery, a coal mine is called a 'pit', and the above-ground structures are a 'pit head'. In Australia, "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine. (en)
- El objetivo de la minería de carbón es la obtención de carbón y a veces otros recursos del suelo. El carbón es valorado por su contenido energético y, desde la década de 1880, ha sido ampliamente utilizado para generar electricidad. Las industrias de acero y cemento usan carbón como combustible para la extracción de hierro de rocas y minerales y para la producción de cemento. (es)
- Eastóscadh guail as doimhneacht éigin faoin talamh. In eastóscadh dromchla, bíonn an gual gar don dromchla. Baintear an scraith uachtair chun siúil, eastósctar an gual, agus cuirtear an scraith uachtair ar ais chun an comhshaol a athshlánú. I dtrasmhianadóireacht, bíonn an gual taobh istigh de chlaonán, tochlaítear tollán cothrománach i dtaobh an chlaonáin, agus baintear an gual amach ar iarnród nó crios iompair. I mianadóireacht dhomhain is an gual an-domhain faoin dromchla, is gá poll mianaigh a thochailt le tolláin chothrománacha amach uaidh do na síoga guail. Tochlaítear an gual (go meicniúil den chuid is mó anois) agus iompraítear ar chreasa iompair go dtí na poill é le hiompar don dromchla. Bíonn contúirtí ar leith ag baint le mianadóireacht guail. Is féidir go dtarlóidh pléascadh ma (ga)
- L'extraction du charbon est le processus de collecte de charbon dans le sol. Le charbon représente une (en) fossile et, depuis les années 1880, il est largement exploité dans les centrales électriques. Les industries de l'acier et du béton se servent du charbon pour alimenter l'extraction des minerais et la production des matériaux. (fr)
- Coal mining (en)
- استخراج الفحم (ar)
- Mineria de carbó (ca)
- Těžba uhlí (cs)
- Minería de carbón (es)
- Mianadóireacht guail (ga)
- Extraction du charbon (fr)
- Penambangan batu bara (in)
- Estrazione del carbone (it)
- 石炭鉱業 (ja)
- 탄광 (ko)
- Розроблення вугільних родовищ (uk)
- 煤炭开采 (zh)
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