Columbia River Treaty (original) (raw)
- The Columbia River Treaty is a 1961 agreement between Canada and the United States on the development and operation of dams in the upper Columbia River basin for power and flood control benefits in both countries. Four dams were constructed under this treaty: three in the Canadian province of British Columbia (Duncan Dam, Mica Dam, Keenleyside Dam) and one in the U.S. state of Montana (Libby Dam). The treaty provided for the sharing with Canada of half of the downstream US power and flood benefits, and allows the operation of Treaty storage for other benefits. The long-term impacts of the treaty have been mixed: while the dams have provided enormous economic benefits to British Columbia and the U.S. Pacific Northwest through hydroelectric generation and flood control, there are longstanding concerns regarding social and economic impacts to the local communities, and the environmental effects associated with the construction and operation of large dams. (en)
- Le Traité du fleuve Columbia est un traité entre le Canada et les États-Unis sur le développement et l'exploitation des barrages dans le bassin versant supérieur du fleuve Columbia. Dans ce traité, le Canada s'engage à construire trois barrages — qui seront le barrage Mica, le barrage Duncan et le barrage Keenleyside (ex-barrage Arrows) — en Colombie-Britannique où coule le fleuve pour prévenir les crues et maximiser la production d'énergie hydroélectrique pour les États-Unis. Dans l'autre sens, les États-Unis s'engagent à payer une partie importante des investissements et à retourner la moitié de l'énergie produite dans ce cadre. Signé le 17 janvier 1961 après quinze ans d'études, il est mis en pratique trois ans plus tard, en 1964. Ce délai entre la signature et l'application est lié à une controverse sur la compétence entre la province de Colombie-Britannique et l'État fédéral canadien pour valider ce traité. (fr)
- http://eisenhower.archives.gov/Research/Finding_Aids/P.html
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- http://www.cbt.org/crt
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- http://www.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/PB/PEB_08/docs/ColumbiaRiverTreaty.pdf
- http://www.nwd-wc.usace.army.mil/PB/PEB_08/index.htm
- http://www.nwcouncil.org/history/ColumbiaRiverTreaty.asp
- http://blog.gov.bc.ca/columbiarivertreaty/
- https://archive.org/details/crisisoncolumbia00bull%7Curl-access=registration%7Cyear=1968%7Cpublisher=The
- https://archive.org/details/organicmachine00whit%7Curl-access=registration%7Cyear=1995%7Cpublisher=Hill
- https://archive.org/details/peopleinwayhuman00wils
- https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_q3o8
- https://archive.org/details/wacbennettriseof0000mitc
- https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43287.pdf
- https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo53808
- https://web.archive.org/web/20100706215743/http:/www.ccrh.org/comm/river/docs/cotreaty.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20120414221348/http:/www.bpa.gov/Corporate/pubs/Columbia_River_Treaty_Review_-_April_2008.pdf
- https://web.archive.org/web/20120822114214/http:/www.crt2014-2024review.gov/
- http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm%3Fdoc_ID=66EB8A3E-C8EB-D1D7-E4D51DA04635F04E
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- The Columbia River Treaty is a 1961 agreement between Canada and the United States on the development and operation of dams in the upper Columbia River basin for power and flood control benefits in both countries. Four dams were constructed under this treaty: three in the Canadian province of British Columbia (Duncan Dam, Mica Dam, Keenleyside Dam) and one in the U.S. state of Montana (Libby Dam). (en)
- Le Traité du fleuve Columbia est un traité entre le Canada et les États-Unis sur le développement et l'exploitation des barrages dans le bassin versant supérieur du fleuve Columbia. Dans ce traité, le Canada s'engage à construire trois barrages — qui seront le barrage Mica, le barrage Duncan et le barrage Keenleyside (ex-barrage Arrows) — en Colombie-Britannique où coule le fleuve pour prévenir les crues et maximiser la production d'énergie hydroélectrique pour les États-Unis. Dans l'autre sens, les États-Unis s'engagent à payer une partie importante des investissements et à retourner la moitié de l'énergie produite dans ce cadre. (fr)
- Columbia River Treaty (en)
- Traité du fleuve Columbia (fr)
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