| dbo:abstract |
Als criminal negligence (engl. ‚strafrechtliche Fahrlässigkeit‘) bezeichnet man im Strafrecht von England und Wales eine mögliche subjektive Voraussetzung der Strafbarkeit (mens rea). Da das englische Strafrecht bereits die recklessness, ein sehr weitgreifendes Institut, aufbietet, ist der Anwendungsbereich der negligence entsprechend marginal, ursprünglich auf einen Tatbestand begrenzt, den manslaughter by gross negligence (grob fahrlässige Tötung). Durch statute law wurde ihr Anwendungsbereich in neuerer Zeit erweitert. Wichtigster praktischer Anwendungsfall ist s. 3 : Demnach ist es strafbar im Straßenverkehr ein Kraftfahrzeug „without due care and attention, or without reasonable consideration for other persons using the road or place“ zu fahren. Der Maßstab ist dabei der objektive einer verständigen und umsichtigen Durchschnittsperson. (de) In criminal law, criminal negligence is a surrogate state of mind required to constitute a conventional (as opposed to strictly liable) offense. It is not, strictly speaking, a mens rea (Law Latin for "guilty mind") because it refers to an objective standard of behaviour expected of the defendant and does not refer to their mental state. (en) 過失犯（かしつはん、 Fahrlässigkeitsdelikt ）とは過失を成立要件とする犯罪のこと。 過失 ( Fahrlässigkeit ) とは、ある事実を認識・予見することができたにもかかわらず、注意を怠って認識・予見しなかった心理状態、あるいは結果の回避が可能だったにもかかわらず、回避するための行為を怠ったことと定義されるが、前者の主観的な予見可能性を重視するか、後者の客観的な結果回避義務違反を重視するかなど、過失の具体的な内容については、多様な解釈論が展開されている。 * 刑法は、以下で条数のみ記載する。 (ja) 過失犯（英語：criminal negligence、德語：strafrechtliche Fahrlässigkeit），在刑法中，它是一種代理性的犯罪意識（拉丁語意為"犯意"）、以構成所需之傳統罪行的表現（如:過失致死）相對立於无过错责任的罪行。 即是、犯罪行為人欠缺構成"要件故意"(element intention)，其過失行為所成立之罪行。嚴格來說，這不是一種犯罪意識，因為它是指被告的客觀行為標準，而不是指他的精神狀態。 (zh) |
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In criminal law, criminal negligence is a surrogate state of mind required to constitute a conventional (as opposed to strictly liable) offense. It is not, strictly speaking, a mens rea (Law Latin for "guilty mind") because it refers to an objective standard of behaviour expected of the defendant and does not refer to their mental state. (en) 過失犯（かしつはん、 Fahrlässigkeitsdelikt ）とは過失を成立要件とする犯罪のこと。 過失 ( Fahrlässigkeit ) とは、ある事実を認識・予見することができたにもかかわらず、注意を怠って認識・予見しなかった心理状態、あるいは結果の回避が可能だったにもかかわらず、回避するための行為を怠ったことと定義されるが、前者の主観的な予見可能性を重視するか、後者の客観的な結果回避義務違反を重視するかなど、過失の具体的な内容については、多様な解釈論が展開されている。 * 刑法は、以下で条数のみ記載する。 (ja) 過失犯（英語：criminal negligence、德語：strafrechtliche Fahrlässigkeit），在刑法中，它是一種代理性的犯罪意識（拉丁語意為"犯意"）、以構成所需之傳統罪行的表現（如:過失致死）相對立於无过错责任的罪行。 即是、犯罪行為人欠缺構成"要件故意"(element intention)，其過失行為所成立之罪行。嚴格來說，這不是一種犯罪意識，因為它是指被告的客觀行為標準，而不是指他的精神狀態。 (zh) Als criminal negligence (engl. ‚strafrechtliche Fahrlässigkeit‘) bezeichnet man im Strafrecht von England und Wales eine mögliche subjektive Voraussetzung der Strafbarkeit (mens rea). Da das englische Strafrecht bereits die recklessness, ein sehr weitgreifendes Institut, aufbietet, ist der Anwendungsbereich der negligence entsprechend marginal, ursprünglich auf einen Tatbestand begrenzt, den manslaughter by gross negligence (grob fahrlässige Tötung). Durch statute law wurde ihr Anwendungsbereich in neuerer Zeit erweitert. Wichtigster praktischer Anwendungsfall ist s. 3 : Demnach ist es strafbar im Straßenverkehr ein Kraftfahrzeug „without due care and attention, or without reasonable consideration for other persons using the road or place“ zu fahren. Der Maßstab ist dabei der objektive ein (de) |
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