Criticism of patents (original) (raw)
Legal scholars, economists, activists, policymakers, industries, and trade organizations have held differing views on patents and engaged in contentious debates on the subject. Critical perspectives emerged in the nineteenth century that were especially based on the principles of free trade. Contemporary criticisms have echoed those arguments, claiming that patents block innovation and waste resources that could otherwise be used productively, and also block access to an increasingly important "commons" of enabling technologies (a phenomenon called the tragedy of the anticommons), apply a "one size fits all" model to industries with differing needs, that is especially unproductive for industries other than chemicals and pharmaceuticals and especially unproductive for the software industry.
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| dbo:abstract | Legal scholars, economists, activists, policymakers, industries, and trade organizations have held differing views on patents and engaged in contentious debates on the subject. Critical perspectives emerged in the nineteenth century that were especially based on the principles of free trade. Contemporary criticisms have echoed those arguments, claiming that patents block innovation and waste resources that could otherwise be used productively, and also block access to an increasingly important "commons" of enabling technologies (a phenomenon called the tragedy of the anticommons), apply a "one size fits all" model to industries with differing needs, that is especially unproductive for industries other than chemicals and pharmaceuticals and especially unproductive for the software industry. Enforcement by patent trolls of poor quality patents has led to criticism of the patent office as well as the system itself. Patents on pharmaceuticals have also been a particular focus of criticism, as the high prices they enable puts life-saving drugs out of reach of many people. Alternatives to patents have been proposed, such Joseph Stiglitz's suggestion of providing "prize money" (from a "prize fund" sponsored by the government) as a substitute for the lost profits associated with abstaining from the monopoly given by a patent. These debates are part of a larger discourse on intellectual property protection which also reflects differing perspectives on copyright. (en) Критика патентов — совокупность критических замечаний, направленных против современного патентного права. Правоведы, экономисты, активисты, политические деятели, предприниматели и торговые ассоциации имеют разные мнения насчет патентов и ведут споры между собой. Критика патентов появилась ещё в XIX веке, в последнее время чаще всего обсуждаются достоинства и недостатки патентов на программное обеспечение и . Эти споры являются частью большой дискуссии на тему «интеллектуальной собственности», которая отражает также между прочим и разные точки зрения на авторское право. Попытки выявить причинно-следственные связи между патентной защитой и эффективностью инноваций предпринимались исследователями неоднократно. Однако до сих пор нельзя с уверенностью сказать, как патентование влияет на размер общественного благосостояния: выводы эконометристов варьируются в зависимости от методов, исходных данных, вводимых переменных и форм их представления. (ru) |
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| dbp:quote | "[Patents] serve merely to stifle progress, entrench the positions of giant corporations and enrich those in the legal profession, rather than the actual inventors." (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Legal scholars, economists, activists, policymakers, industries, and trade organizations have held differing views on patents and engaged in contentious debates on the subject. Critical perspectives emerged in the nineteenth century that were especially based on the principles of free trade. Contemporary criticisms have echoed those arguments, claiming that patents block innovation and waste resources that could otherwise be used productively, and also block access to an increasingly important "commons" of enabling technologies (a phenomenon called the tragedy of the anticommons), apply a "one size fits all" model to industries with differing needs, that is especially unproductive for industries other than chemicals and pharmaceuticals and especially unproductive for the software industry. (en) Критика патентов — совокупность критических замечаний, направленных против современного патентного права. Правоведы, экономисты, активисты, политические деятели, предприниматели и торговые ассоциации имеют разные мнения насчет патентов и ведут споры между собой. Критика патентов появилась ещё в XIX веке, в последнее время чаще всего обсуждаются достоинства и недостатки патентов на программное обеспечение и . Эти споры являются частью большой дискуссии на тему «интеллектуальной собственности», которая отражает также между прочим и разные точки зрения на авторское право. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Criticism of patents (en) Критика патентов (ru) |
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