Dark money (original) (raw)
I b, tagraíonn airgead teimhneach (Béarla: Dark money) do chaiteachas polaitiúil - mar shampla, 501 (c) (4) (leas sóisialta) 501 (c) (5) (ceardchumainn) agus 501 (c) (6) grúpaí (comhlachas trádála) - nach gceanglaítear orthu a ndeontóirí a nochtadh. Féadfaidh eagraíochtaí den sórt sin síntiúis neamhtheoranta a fháil ó chorparáidí, daoine aonair agus ceardchumainn. Ar an mbealach seo, is féidir lena ndeontóirí cistí a chaitheamh chun tionchar a imirt ar thoghcháin, gan a fhios ag vótálaithe cá as a tháinig an t-airgead. Chuaigh airgead teimhneach isteach sa pholaitíocht ar dtús le Buckley v. Valeo (1976) nuair a leag Cúirt Uachtarach na Stát Aontaithe Ocht bhFocal Draíochta amach a shainíonn an difríocht idir toghchán agus abhcóideacht.
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| dbo:abstract | المال المظلم في سياسة الولايات المتحدة تشير إلى الإنفاق السياسي للمنظمات غير الربحية التي لا يُطلب منها الإفصاح عن الجهات المانحة لها، مثل منظمات 501 سي 4 (الرعاية الاجتماعية) ومنظمات 501 سي 5 (النقابات) ومنظمات 501 سي 6 (اتحادات التجارة). تستطيع هذه المنظمات تلقي تبرعات غير محدودة من الشركات والأفراد والنقابات. بهذه الطريقة، تستطيع الجهات المانحة أن تنفق الأموال للتأثير على الانتخابات، دون أن يعرف الناخبون من أين أتت هذه الأموال. دخلت الأموال المظلمة السياسة لأول مرة في قضية باكي ضد فاليو في عام 1976، عندما وضعت المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة ثماني كلمات سحرية تحدد الفرق بين الحملة الانتخابية والدعوة المتعلفة بالقضايا. وفقًا لمركز السياسة المستجيبة (سي بي آر)، ارتفع إنفاق المنظمات التي لم تكشف عن الجهات المانحة لها من أقل من 5.2 مليون دولار في عام 2006 إلى ما يزيد عن 300 مليون دولار في الدورة الرئاسية لعام 2012 وأكثر من 174 مليون دولار في انتخابات التجديد النصفي في عام 2014. رأى مجلس تحرير صحيفة نيويورك تايمز أن انتخابات التجديد النصفي لعام 2014 تأثرت «بأكبر موجة من الأموال ذات المصالح الخاصة السرية التي جُمعت على الإطلاق في انتخابات الكونغرس». قال مركز السياسات المستجيبة أيضًا إن القضية الشهيرة في عام 2010، سيتيزنز يونايتد ضد لجنة الانتخابات الفيدرالية، مثلت نقطة تحول عندما ارتفعت مساهمات الأموال المظلمة، وأشار المركز إلى «أن هناك مجموعات أخرى تتمتع الآن بحرية إنفاق أموال غير مقيدة تدعو إلى دعم حملة انتخابية معينة أو هزيمة مرشحين معينين. تزعم هذه المجموعات أنها ليست مطالبة بالتسجيل في لجنة الانتخابات الفيدرالية باعتبارها نوعًا من لجان العمل السياسي لأن غرضها الأساسي مختلف عن السياسة الانتخابية. هذا النوع من الإنفاق ليس شيئًا جديدًا، لكن استخدام الأموال من مجموعة غير مقيدة من المصادر، بما في ذلك الشركات، بدأ بعد أحدث أحكام المحكمة». (ar) In the politics of the United States, dark money refers to spending to influence elections where the source of the money is not disclosed to voters. In the United States, groups that may spend on campaigns without disclosing who their donors aresome nonprofit organizations. The most common type of dark money group is the 501(c)(4) (often called social welfare organizations). Such organizations can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals and unions. Proponents of dark money maintain it is protected under the First Amendment, while critics complain recipients of dark money (as with any contribution) "knows exactly who he owes a favor", but voters are kept in the dark about connections between donor and politician when favors are paid back.Dark money first entered politics with Buckley v. Valeo (1976), when the United States Supreme Court laid out "Eight Magic Words" that define the difference between electioneering and issue advocacy -- exempting the latter from election finance laws. Dark spending increased from less than 5.2millionin2006towellover5.2 million in 2006 to well over 5.2millionin2006towellover300 million in the 2012 presidential cycle, and more than 174millioninthe2014midterms,174 million in the 2014 midterms, 174millioninthe2014midterms,216 in the 2014 midterm elections, The 2010 landmark case, Citizens United v. FEC, marked the turning point when dark money contributions surged, and some political groups began contending that they were not required to register with the FEC as any sort of PAC because their primary purpose was something other than electoral politics. In the 2020 election cycle, there were more than 1billioninundisclosedspending;ofthatmoney,1 billion in undisclosed spending; of that money, 1billioninundisclosedspending;ofthatmoney,514 million was spent to help Democrats and 200millionwasspenttohelpRepublicans.ANewYorkTimesanalysisfoundthatafteradecadespentattackingundisclosedpoliticalspendingontheright,theDemocraticParty"embraceddarkmoneywithfreshzeal,"spendingover200 million was spent to help Republicans. A New York Times analysis found that after a decade spent attacking undisclosed political spending on the right, the Democratic Party "embraced dark money with fresh zeal," spending over 200millionwasspenttohelpRepublicans.ANewYorkTimesanalysisfoundthatafteradecadespentattackingundisclosedpoliticalspendingontheright,theDemocraticParty"embraceddarkmoneywithfreshzeal,"spendingover1.5 billion in undisclosed cash in the 2020 election cycle and outspending the Republican Party. (en) I b, tagraíonn airgead teimhneach (Béarla: Dark money) do chaiteachas polaitiúil - mar shampla, 501 (c) (4) (leas sóisialta) 501 (c) (5) (ceardchumainn) agus 501 (c) (6) grúpaí (comhlachas trádála) - nach gceanglaítear orthu a ndeontóirí a nochtadh. Féadfaidh eagraíochtaí den sórt sin síntiúis neamhtheoranta a fháil ó chorparáidí, daoine aonair agus ceardchumainn. Ar an mbealach seo, is féidir lena ndeontóirí cistí a chaitheamh chun tionchar a imirt ar thoghcháin, gan a fhios ag vótálaithe cá as a tháinig an t-airgead. Chuaigh airgead teimhneach isteach sa pholaitíocht ar dtús le Buckley v. Valeo (1976) nuair a leag Cúirt Uachtarach na Stát Aontaithe Ocht bhFocal Draíochta amach a shainíonn an difríocht idir toghchán agus abhcóideacht. (ga) |
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| rdfs:comment | I b, tagraíonn airgead teimhneach (Béarla: Dark money) do chaiteachas polaitiúil - mar shampla, 501 (c) (4) (leas sóisialta) 501 (c) (5) (ceardchumainn) agus 501 (c) (6) grúpaí (comhlachas trádála) - nach gceanglaítear orthu a ndeontóirí a nochtadh. Féadfaidh eagraíochtaí den sórt sin síntiúis neamhtheoranta a fháil ó chorparáidí, daoine aonair agus ceardchumainn. Ar an mbealach seo, is féidir lena ndeontóirí cistí a chaitheamh chun tionchar a imirt ar thoghcháin, gan a fhios ag vótálaithe cá as a tháinig an t-airgead. Chuaigh airgead teimhneach isteach sa pholaitíocht ar dtús le Buckley v. Valeo (1976) nuair a leag Cúirt Uachtarach na Stát Aontaithe Ocht bhFocal Draíochta amach a shainíonn an difríocht idir toghchán agus abhcóideacht. (ga) المال المظلم في سياسة الولايات المتحدة تشير إلى الإنفاق السياسي للمنظمات غير الربحية التي لا يُطلب منها الإفصاح عن الجهات المانحة لها، مثل منظمات 501 سي 4 (الرعاية الاجتماعية) ومنظمات 501 سي 5 (النقابات) ومنظمات 501 سي 6 (اتحادات التجارة). تستطيع هذه المنظمات تلقي تبرعات غير محدودة من الشركات والأفراد والنقابات. بهذه الطريقة، تستطيع الجهات المانحة أن تنفق الأموال للتأثير على الانتخابات، دون أن يعرف الناخبون من أين أتت هذه الأموال. دخلت الأموال المظلمة السياسة لأول مرة في قضية باكي ضد فاليو في عام 1976، عندما وضعت المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة ثماني كلمات سحرية تحدد الفرق بين الحملة الانتخابية والدعوة المتعلفة بالقضايا. (ar) In the politics of the United States, dark money refers to spending to influence elections where the source of the money is not disclosed to voters. In the United States, groups that may spend on campaigns without disclosing who their donors aresome nonprofit organizations. The most common type of dark money group is the 501(c)(4) (often called social welfare organizations). Such organizations can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals and unions. Proponents of dark money maintain it is protected under the First Amendment, while critics complain recipients of dark money (as with any contribution) "knows exactly who he owes a favor", but voters are kept in the dark about connections between donor and politician when favors are paid back.Dark money first entered politics (en) |
| rdfs:label | مال مظلم (ar) Dark money (en) Airgead teimhneach (ga) |
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