Defensible space theory (original) (raw)
Teorie hájitelného prostoru (anglicky Defensible Space Theory) je teorie formulovaná americkým architektem roku 1972 v knize Defensible Space. Snaží se objasnit vztah mezi strukturou výstavby a mírou kriminality ve městech. Newmanovy poznatky (např. o souvislosti počtu pater výškových budov a bezpečnosti v dané lokalitě) nalezly uplatnění v kriminologii a územním plánování.
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dbo:abstract | La teoria de l'espai defensable (anglès: defensible space theory) és un conjunt d'idees entorn de la prevenció de delictes i la seguretat urbana postulades per l'arquitecte i urbanista nord-americà Oscar Newman. Els seus inicis es troben a començaments de la dècada del 1970, amb l'aparició del primer llibre de Newman sobre aquest tema: Defensible Space, de 1972. L'obra conté una anàlisi de la ciutat de Nova York que demostra la prevalència de la criminalitat en blocs d'apartaments elevats, alhora que dona dades de criminalitat menor en edificis més baixos. Segons l'estudi de Newman, aquest fet prové de la manca de control i responsabilitat personal en un àmbit ocupat per tantes persones. En el llibre Newman se centra en l'exposició de les seves idees de control social, prevenció de delictes i salut pública en relació al disseny d'espais comunitaris. (ca) Teorie hájitelného prostoru (anglicky Defensible Space Theory) je teorie formulovaná americkým architektem roku 1972 v knize Defensible Space. Snaží se objasnit vztah mezi strukturou výstavby a mírou kriminality ve městech. Newmanovy poznatky (např. o souvislosti počtu pater výškových budov a bezpečnosti v dané lokalitě) nalezly uplatnění v kriminologii a územním plánování. (cs) The defensible space theory of architect and city planner Oscar Newman encompasses ideas about crime prevention and neighborhood safety. Newman argues that architectural and environmental design plays a crucial part in increasing or reducing criminality. The theory developed in the early 1970s, and he wrote his first book on the topic, Defensible Space in 1972. The book contains a study from New York that pointed out that higher crime rate existed in high-rise housing projects than in low-rise complexes. This, he concluded, was because residents felt no control or personal responsibility for an area occupied by so many people. Throughout his study, Newman focused on explaining his ideas on social control, crime prevention, and public health in relation to community design. (en) 防御空间(英語:Defensible space,又译防卫空间、可防御空间、可防卫空间、防御性空间)是建筑师和城市規劃師(Oscar Newman)提出的有关预防犯罪和社区安全的理论。纽曼认为,建筑和环境设计在增加或减少犯罪方面起着至关重要的作用。该理论在1970年代初发展起来,他在1972年写了关于该主题的第一本书《防御空间》。该书记载了来自纽约的一项研究,研究指出,和较低矮的公營住宅相比,高层公寓楼的犯罪率更高。他总结说,这是因为居民认为自己无法控制这么多人居住的区域,或对它没有个人责任。整个研究过程中,纽曼专注于解释他的关于社区设计的社会控制、犯罪預防和公众健康方面的理念。 (zh) |
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rdfs:comment | Teorie hájitelného prostoru (anglicky Defensible Space Theory) je teorie formulovaná americkým architektem roku 1972 v knize Defensible Space. Snaží se objasnit vztah mezi strukturou výstavby a mírou kriminality ve městech. Newmanovy poznatky (např. o souvislosti počtu pater výškových budov a bezpečnosti v dané lokalitě) nalezly uplatnění v kriminologii a územním plánování. (cs) The defensible space theory of architect and city planner Oscar Newman encompasses ideas about crime prevention and neighborhood safety. Newman argues that architectural and environmental design plays a crucial part in increasing or reducing criminality. The theory developed in the early 1970s, and he wrote his first book on the topic, Defensible Space in 1972. The book contains a study from New York that pointed out that higher crime rate existed in high-rise housing projects than in low-rise complexes. This, he concluded, was because residents felt no control or personal responsibility for an area occupied by so many people. Throughout his study, Newman focused on explaining his ideas on social control, crime prevention, and public health in relation to community design. (en) 防御空间(英語:Defensible space,又译防卫空间、可防御空间、可防卫空间、防御性空间)是建筑师和城市規劃師(Oscar Newman)提出的有关预防犯罪和社区安全的理论。纽曼认为,建筑和环境设计在增加或减少犯罪方面起着至关重要的作用。该理论在1970年代初发展起来,他在1972年写了关于该主题的第一本书《防御空间》。该书记载了来自纽约的一项研究,研究指出,和较低矮的公營住宅相比,高层公寓楼的犯罪率更高。他总结说,这是因为居民认为自己无法控制这么多人居住的区域,或对它没有个人责任。整个研究过程中,纽曼专注于解释他的关于社区设计的社会控制、犯罪預防和公众健康方面的理念。 (zh) La teoria de l'espai defensable (anglès: defensible space theory) és un conjunt d'idees entorn de la prevenció de delictes i la seguretat urbana postulades per l'arquitecte i urbanista nord-americà Oscar Newman. Els seus inicis es troben a començaments de la dècada del 1970, amb l'aparició del primer llibre de Newman sobre aquest tema: Defensible Space, de 1972. L'obra conté una anàlisi de la ciutat de Nova York que demostra la prevalència de la criminalitat en blocs d'apartaments elevats, alhora que dona dades de criminalitat menor en edificis més baixos. Segons l'estudi de Newman, aquest fet prové de la manca de control i responsabilitat personal en un àmbit ocupat per tantes persones. En el llibre Newman se centra en l'exposició de les seves idees de control social, prevenció de delicte (ca) |
rdfs:label | Teoria de l'espai defensable (ca) Teorie hájitelného prostoru (cs) Defensible space theory (en) 防御空间 (zh) |
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