Erxian (original) (raw)
Erxian (chinesisch 二弦, Pinyin èrxián – „Zweisait“) ist eine zweisaitige chinesische Röhrenspießlaute, die mit einem Bogen gestrichen wird. Die erxian ähnelt – wie viele andere regionale Varianten – der erhu. Sie findet in der Musik von Kanton, Chaozhou und in der -Musik von Fujian Verwendung. In der alten chinesischen Musikinstrumenten-Kategorisierung Bayin („Acht Klänge“) gehört sie in die Kategorie Seide.
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| dbo:abstract | Erxian (chinesisch 二弦, Pinyin èrxián – „Zweisait“) ist eine zweisaitige chinesische Röhrenspießlaute, die mit einem Bogen gestrichen wird. Die erxian ähnelt – wie viele andere regionale Varianten – der erhu. Sie findet in der Musik von Kanton, Chaozhou und in der -Musik von Fujian Verwendung. In der alten chinesischen Musikinstrumenten-Kategorisierung Bayin („Acht Klänge“) gehört sie in die Kategorie Seide. (de) The erxian (二弦; pinyin: èrxián; literally "two string") is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It has two strings and is used primarily in Cantonese music, most often in "hard string" chamber ensembles. In the 1920s, following the development of the gaohu, the erxian experienced a decline and since the late 20th century has been little used outside the tradition of Cantonese opera. Similar instruments also referred to as erxian (constructed and played differently from the Cantonese erxian discussed above) are used in Chaozhou music (where it is called touxian, 头弦, literally "leading string [instrument]") and in the nanguan music of the Southern Fujian people. The erxian (called yi6 yin4 二弦 in Cantonese) is often referred to as the yizai (二仔) amongst older Cantonese opera musicians. The neck of most erxian is made of hardwood (often suanzhi (酸枝, rosewood) or zitan (紫檀, rosewood or red sandalwood). The sound chamber is made of a large section of bamboo with a dome-shaped ring of hardwood glued on the front end, making the actual playable face of the chamber about half the size of the entire face. The back of the sound chamber is not covered with any lattice work like those of erhu or gaohu. Erxian can be found with very ornate dragon heads, ruyi (如意) heads, or a very plain box-cut stock head. Earlier erxian very closely resembled the jinghu of Beijing opera in size, construction, and playing technique. Currently, the erxian is used for accompanying the singing of dai-hau (大喉) characters in Cantonese opera as well as all roles in gu-hong Cantonese opera (古腔粵劇). Other instruments used in conjunction with the erxian are the juktaikam/zhutiqin (竹提琴), yueqin (yuetkam), sanxian (samyin), and doontong/duantong (短筒). Together, this grouping of instruments is called the "hard bow ensemble" (硬弓). The name "hard bow" comes from the fact that both the erxian and tiqin are/should be played with a bow made of a thick, hard piece of bamboo rather than a thinner and softer reed like modern huqin bows. The erxian of earlier times came in two forms: one for playing bongjee/bangzi (梆子), and a slightly larger one for playing yiwong/erhuang (二黃). * A bangzi erxian is tuned to 士-工/la-mi/A-e * An erhuang erxian is tuned to 合-尺/so-re/G-d Today, the bangzi erxian is more commonly used to play both bangzi and erhuang melodies. The heavy silk strings of the earlier erxian have largely been replaced with wound steel strings and some modern players have begun to use erhu bows instead of the heavier (and more uncomfortable) "hard bows." While the erxian has experienced a decline in usage since the 1920s, it remains a staple instrument in any Cantonese opera orchestra and recently composed Cantonese operas like "新霸王別姬" and "林沖之魂會山神廟" are calling for its regular usage. (en) L'erxian (chinois : 二弦 ; pinyin : èrxián ; cantonais Jyutping : yi⁶ yin⁴ ; litt. « deux cordes ») est un instrument de musique chinois à cordes de la famille huqin à deux cordes. Il fut principalement utilisé dans la musique cantonaise, le plus souvent dans des ensembles de chambre « à cordes dures ». Des instruments similaires, également aussi appelés erxian, mais construits différemment, sont utilisés dans la musique de Chaozhou, où ils sont dénommés touxian (头弦, littéralement « instrument principal à cordes ») et dans la musique Nanguan' des gens du sud du Fujian. L'erxian (prononcé yi6 yin4 en Cantonais) est souvent appelé le yizai (二仔), par les vieux musiciens d'opéra cantonais. (fr) Erxian (二弦; pinyin: èrxián; makna "yang bersenar dua") adalah sejenis alat musik Tiongkok yang dimainkan dengan cara digesek. Erxian masih berkerabat dengan . Erxian memiliki dua senar, biasanya dimainkan dalam orkes alat musik senar dalam Musik Konghu. Selain di Musik Konghu, erxian juga digunakan dalam Musik Fujian Selatan, Nanyin. * l * b * s (in) 二弦，亦稱廣東二弦，係廣東音樂特性樂器、古腔粵曲棚面（樂隊）和粵樂「硬弓五架頭」（二弦、月琴、三弦、、直簫或橫簫）之頭架（領奏樂器）。 「三架頭」組合係二弦、竹提琴、月琴或二弦、竹提琴、三弦或二弦、月琴、三弦。 亦有「四架頭」（二弦、、月琴、三絃或二弦、、月琴、直簫或橫簫或二弦、、三弦、直簫或橫簫）組合，二弦都係頭架。 現時的五架頭是高胡、椰胡、揚琴、秦琴、喉管或直簫或橫簫（竹笛）。 琴身、琴筒竹製，蒙蟒皮，張掛2蠶絲弦或鋼弦，以硬弓（弓上馬尾較緊，相對的軟弓馬尾較鬆）拉奏，定純五度，音色激昂高亢。 著名二絃名家 編輯 * 高潤鴻（粵劇拍和、粵樂） (zh) |
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| dbp:date | January 2018 (en) |
| dbp:fixAttempted | yes (en) |
| dbp:imageCapt | Erxian,19th century, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (en) |
| dbp:name | Erxian (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Erxian (chinesisch 二弦, Pinyin èrxián – „Zweisait“) ist eine zweisaitige chinesische Röhrenspießlaute, die mit einem Bogen gestrichen wird. Die erxian ähnelt – wie viele andere regionale Varianten – der erhu. Sie findet in der Musik von Kanton, Chaozhou und in der -Musik von Fujian Verwendung. In der alten chinesischen Musikinstrumenten-Kategorisierung Bayin („Acht Klänge“) gehört sie in die Kategorie Seide. (de) Erxian (二弦; pinyin: èrxián; makna "yang bersenar dua") adalah sejenis alat musik Tiongkok yang dimainkan dengan cara digesek. Erxian masih berkerabat dengan . Erxian memiliki dua senar, biasanya dimainkan dalam orkes alat musik senar dalam Musik Konghu. Selain di Musik Konghu, erxian juga digunakan dalam Musik Fujian Selatan, Nanyin. * l * b * s (in) 二弦，亦稱廣東二弦，係廣東音樂特性樂器、古腔粵曲棚面（樂隊）和粵樂「硬弓五架頭」（二弦、月琴、三弦、、直簫或橫簫）之頭架（領奏樂器）。 「三架頭」組合係二弦、竹提琴、月琴或二弦、竹提琴、三弦或二弦、月琴、三弦。 亦有「四架頭」（二弦、、月琴、三絃或二弦、、月琴、直簫或橫簫或二弦、、三弦、直簫或橫簫）組合，二弦都係頭架。 現時的五架頭是高胡、椰胡、揚琴、秦琴、喉管或直簫或橫簫（竹笛）。 琴身、琴筒竹製，蒙蟒皮，張掛2蠶絲弦或鋼弦，以硬弓（弓上馬尾較緊，相對的軟弓馬尾較鬆）拉奏，定純五度，音色激昂高亢。 著名二絃名家 編輯 * 高潤鴻（粵劇拍和、粵樂） (zh) The erxian (二弦; pinyin: èrxián; literally "two string") is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It has two strings and is used primarily in Cantonese music, most often in "hard string" chamber ensembles. In the 1920s, following the development of the gaohu, the erxian experienced a decline and since the late 20th century has been little used outside the tradition of Cantonese opera. The erxian of earlier times came in two forms: one for playing bongjee/bangzi (梆子), and a slightly larger one for playing yiwong/erhuang (二黃). (en) L'erxian (chinois : 二弦 ; pinyin : èrxián ; cantonais Jyutping : yi⁶ yin⁴ ; litt. « deux cordes ») est un instrument de musique chinois à cordes de la famille huqin à deux cordes. Il fut principalement utilisé dans la musique cantonaise, le plus souvent dans des ensembles de chambre « à cordes dures ». (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Erxian (en) Erxian (de) Erxian (in) Erxian (fr) 二弦 (粵樂) (zh) |
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