Sandalwood (original) (raw)
Santalové dřevo je exotické vonné dřevo, získávané zejména ze stromu santalovníku bílého (Santalum album).Dřevo má vysoký obsah vonných silic ve formě aromatického oleje.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | Santalové dřevo je exotické vonné dřevo, získávané zejména ze stromu santalovníku bílého (Santalum album).Dřevo má vysoký obsah vonných silic ve formě aromatického oleje. (cs) خشب الصندل هو خشب استوائي عطر وخاصة خشب شجرة مستديمة الخضرة نصف متطفلة اسمها العلمي سانتالوم البوم (santalum album) من الهند. يقطع الخشب إلى شرائح رقيقة ويستعمل زينة في صناعة العطور.وهناك أنواع من خشب الصندل حسب الجودة وتستخدم أيضا في البخور كما تدخل في صناعة العطور وكذلك بعض قطع الأثاث الثمينة والغالية الثمن، كما تدخل في صناعة المسابح (ar) Santal est un nom vernaculaire ambigu désignant en français certains bois appartenant principalement au genre Santalum, de la famille des Santalacées. Les arbres des espèces produisant ce type de bois poussent naturellement en Inde, au Népal, en Australie, en Nouvelle-Calédonie, au Vanuatu et à Hawaii. Ce bois est utilisé comme encens, en aromathérapie et en parfumerie, plutôt que comme bois de construction ou de charpente, bien que des temples aient été construits en santal en Inde et conservent leur arôme depuis des siècles. Des meubles, des coffres et des boîtes à bijoux ont également été façonnés en santal. Tomé Pires, un apothicaire portugais qui, de 1512 à 1515, a habité la ville de Malacca, sur la péninsule Malaise, note dans sa Suma Oriental que le bois de santal provient des îles de Sumba et Timor en Insulinde (actuels Indonésie et Timor oriental). De 1820 à 1870, l'Océanie est écumée par des navires santaliers, souvent à l'origine de conflits avec les populations autochtones. En parfumerie, le santal est utilisé comme note de fond ; il est excellent fixateur qui permet de capturer les arômes de tête des autres huiles essentielles. (fr) Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus Santalum. The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, they retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for use. Sandalwood is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in the world. Both the wood and the oil produce a distinctive fragrance that has been highly valued for centuries. Consequently, some species of these slow-growing trees have suffered over-harvesting in the past. (en) Santalum album atau dikenal dengan nama Cendana adalah pohon penghasil kayu cendana dan minyak cendana. Kayunya digunakan sebagai rempah-rempah, bahan dupa, aromaterapi, campuran parfum, serta sangkur keris (warangka). Kayu yang baik bisa menyimpan aromanya selama berabad-abad. Konon di Sri Lanka kayu ini digunakan untuk membalsam jenazah putri-putri raja sejak abad ke-9. Di Indonesia, kayu ini banyak ditemukan di Nusa Tenggara Timur, khususnya di Pulau Timor, meskipun sekarang bisa ditemukan pula di Pulau Jawa dan pulau-pulau Nusa Tenggara lainnya. Cendana adalah tumbuhan parasit pada awal kehidupannya. Kecambahnya memerlukan pohon inang untuk mendukung pertumbuhannya, karena perakarannya sendiri tidak sanggup mendukung kehidupannya. Karena prasyarat inilah cendana sukar dikembangbiakkan atau dibudidayakan. Kayu cendana wangi (Santalum album) kini sangat langka dan harganya sangat mahal. Di Indonesia, kayu cendana dari Timor juga sangat dihargai. Sebagai gantinya sejumlah pakar aromaterapi dan parfum menggunakan kayu (Santalum spicatum). Kedua jenis kayu ini berbeda konsentrasi bahan kimia yang dikandungnya, dan oleh karena itu kadar harumnya pun berbeda. Kayu cendana dianggap sebagai obat alternatif untuk membawa orang lebih dekat kepada Tuhan. Minyak dasar kayu cendana, yang sangat mahal dalam bentuknya yang murni, digunakan terutama untuk penyembuhan cara Ayurveda, dan untuk menghilangkan rasa cemas. Tanaman cendana ini sangat akibat dieksploitasi berlebihan (in) Il sandalo o legno di sandalo è un'essenza molto usata in profumeria. Il suo nome è dovuto alle piante del genere comunemente chiamate sandalo. La specie indiana da cui storicamente si ricava l'essenza è Santalum album (la specie è endemica del sud dell'India).Il profumo del sandalo viene usato sia come pezzi di legno della pianta sia come olio essenziale estratto. In India è usato da secoli e ciò lo ha reso pregiato e pure non comune. Adesso sono usate anche altre specie per l'estrazione di essenze che hanno profumi simili. Solo nel genere santalum ci sono almeno 19 specie di piante che sono utilizzate per l'estrazione dell'essenza, a cui bisogna sommare anche alcune di altri generi come o Myoporum. (it) 단향(檀香) 또는 단향목(檀香木, Sandalwood)는 식물분류상 과(genus)에서 단향과(檀香科)(Santalum)에 속하는 나무들로서 나무의 심부에 강한 향을 가지고 있는 상록교목들을 부르는 부르는 이름이다. 영어로 Sandalwood로 부르는 것은 유사한 향을 내는 향나무 종류를 광범위하게 부르는 이름이다. 고대에 인도로부터 수입되어 향의 원료로 사용되었으며 그 색에 따라 백단(白檀) · 황단(黃檀) · 자단(紫檀)으로 구분한 것이 한국에 옛날부터 알려졌으며 그 상위 분류상 단향목(檀香目)( sandalwood family, Santalaceae)가 있으니 구분하여 사용해야한다. 다른 향을 내는 나무와는 달리 수십년간 지속적으로 향이 지속된다. 성장속도가 느린데 그 가치가 높아 과거 무분별한 벌목 채취로 문제가 되어 현재 생산국 생산을 관리하고 있으나 불법채취가 끊이지 않는다. 산지는 인도, 네팔, 방글라데시, 파키스탄, 스리랑카, 호주, 인도네시아, 하와이, 그 외 태평양 섬들에서 발견된다. (ko) Het sandelhout wordt liefst geleverd door bomen van de soort Santalum album (familie Santalaceae). Nederland had indertijd plantages op Timor en Soemba (Soemba werd ook wel het sandelhout-eiland genoemd). Tegenwoordig zijn er plantages in India, maar deze kunnen de vraag niet dekken. Andere soorten uit hetzelfde genus werden en worden ook gebruikt, met name soorten in Australië (zoals Santalum spicatum) en in Hawaï (Santalum ellipticum en Santalum paniculatum). Sandelhout kan massief gebruikt worden, vermalen en geperst tot wierookstokjes. Er kan een etherische olie uit gewonnen worden die veel in parfums en overige cosmetica wordt toegepast. Tot de ontdekking van de penicilline werd deze olie gebruikt tegen geslachtsziekten en was daardoor ook toen al erg kostbaar. Het werd in grote hoeveelheden geëxporteerd naar Europa, de Arabische landen en China. (nl) Sandelträ, även kallat almugträ, är trä från träd av släktet Santalum. Träet som är doftande används som rökelse, i parfymer, för samt inom den alternativmedicinska aromaterapin. Används även som krydda i bland annat ansjovis och matjessill. Träet förekommer i två varianter, vitt och rött sandelträ. (sv) 檀或檀木，不是一個具有精確意義的字、辭，不盡然是一種木材，或一類木材的統稱。有時候指一種香木，有時候指質地堅韌、紋理細緻的一種硬木，有時候指兼具以上這兩種特性的木材。與其說檀木是一個自然科學名詞，不如視之為歷經沿革、含義多元的文化、經濟概念。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Santalové dřevo je exotické vonné dřevo, získávané zejména ze stromu santalovníku bílého (Santalum album).Dřevo má vysoký obsah vonných silic ve formě aromatického oleje. (cs) خشب الصندل هو خشب استوائي عطر وخاصة خشب شجرة مستديمة الخضرة نصف متطفلة اسمها العلمي سانتالوم البوم (santalum album) من الهند. يقطع الخشب إلى شرائح رقيقة ويستعمل زينة في صناعة العطور.وهناك أنواع من خشب الصندل حسب الجودة وتستخدم أيضا في البخور كما تدخل في صناعة العطور وكذلك بعض قطع الأثاث الثمينة والغالية الثمن، كما تدخل في صناعة المسابح (ar) Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus Santalum. The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, they retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for use. Sandalwood is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in the world. Both the wood and the oil produce a distinctive fragrance that has been highly valued for centuries. Consequently, some species of these slow-growing trees have suffered over-harvesting in the past. (en) Il sandalo o legno di sandalo è un'essenza molto usata in profumeria. Il suo nome è dovuto alle piante del genere comunemente chiamate sandalo. La specie indiana da cui storicamente si ricava l'essenza è Santalum album (la specie è endemica del sud dell'India).Il profumo del sandalo viene usato sia come pezzi di legno della pianta sia come olio essenziale estratto. In India è usato da secoli e ciò lo ha reso pregiato e pure non comune. Adesso sono usate anche altre specie per l'estrazione di essenze che hanno profumi simili. Solo nel genere santalum ci sono almeno 19 specie di piante che sono utilizzate per l'estrazione dell'essenza, a cui bisogna sommare anche alcune di altri generi come o Myoporum. (it) 단향(檀香) 또는 단향목(檀香木, Sandalwood)는 식물분류상 과(genus)에서 단향과(檀香科)(Santalum)에 속하는 나무들로서 나무의 심부에 강한 향을 가지고 있는 상록교목들을 부르는 부르는 이름이다. 영어로 Sandalwood로 부르는 것은 유사한 향을 내는 향나무 종류를 광범위하게 부르는 이름이다. 고대에 인도로부터 수입되어 향의 원료로 사용되었으며 그 색에 따라 백단(白檀) · 황단(黃檀) · 자단(紫檀)으로 구분한 것이 한국에 옛날부터 알려졌으며 그 상위 분류상 단향목(檀香目)( sandalwood family, Santalaceae)가 있으니 구분하여 사용해야한다. 다른 향을 내는 나무와는 달리 수십년간 지속적으로 향이 지속된다. 성장속도가 느린데 그 가치가 높아 과거 무분별한 벌목 채취로 문제가 되어 현재 생산국 생산을 관리하고 있으나 불법채취가 끊이지 않는다. 산지는 인도, 네팔, 방글라데시, 파키스탄, 스리랑카, 호주, 인도네시아, 하와이, 그 외 태평양 섬들에서 발견된다. (ko) Sandelträ, även kallat almugträ, är trä från träd av släktet Santalum. Träet som är doftande används som rökelse, i parfymer, för samt inom den alternativmedicinska aromaterapin. Används även som krydda i bland annat ansjovis och matjessill. Träet förekommer i två varianter, vitt och rött sandelträ. (sv) 檀或檀木，不是一個具有精確意義的字、辭，不盡然是一種木材，或一類木材的統稱。有時候指一種香木，有時候指質地堅韌、紋理細緻的一種硬木，有時候指兼具以上這兩種特性的木材。與其說檀木是一個自然科學名詞，不如視之為歷經沿革、含義多元的文化、經濟概念。 (zh) Santalum album atau dikenal dengan nama Cendana adalah pohon penghasil kayu cendana dan minyak cendana. Kayunya digunakan sebagai rempah-rempah, bahan dupa, aromaterapi, campuran parfum, serta sangkur keris (warangka). Kayu yang baik bisa menyimpan aromanya selama berabad-abad. Konon di Sri Lanka kayu ini digunakan untuk membalsam jenazah putri-putri raja sejak abad ke-9. Di Indonesia, kayu ini banyak ditemukan di Nusa Tenggara Timur, khususnya di Pulau Timor, meskipun sekarang bisa ditemukan pula di Pulau Jawa dan pulau-pulau Nusa Tenggara lainnya. (in) Santal est un nom vernaculaire ambigu désignant en français certains bois appartenant principalement au genre Santalum, de la famille des Santalacées. Les arbres des espèces produisant ce type de bois poussent naturellement en Inde, au Népal, en Australie, en Nouvelle-Calédonie, au Vanuatu et à Hawaii. Ce bois est utilisé comme encens, en aromathérapie et en parfumerie, plutôt que comme bois de construction ou de charpente, bien que des temples aient été construits en santal en Inde et conservent leur arôme depuis des siècles. (fr) Het sandelhout wordt liefst geleverd door bomen van de soort Santalum album (familie Santalaceae). Nederland had indertijd plantages op Timor en Soemba (Soemba werd ook wel het sandelhout-eiland genoemd). Tegenwoordig zijn er plantages in India, maar deze kunnen de vraag niet dekken. Andere soorten uit hetzelfde genus werden en worden ook gebruikt, met name soorten in Australië (zoals Santalum spicatum) en in Hawaï (Santalum ellipticum en Santalum paniculatum). Sandelhout kan massief gebruikt worden, vermalen en geperst tot wierookstokjes. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Sandalwood (en) خشب الصندل (ar) Santalové dřevo (cs) Σανδαλόξυλο (el) Cendana (in) Sandalo (essenza) (it) Santal (fr) 단향 (ko) Sandelhout (houtsoort) (nl) Sandelträ (sv) 檀木 (zh) |
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