Fire-stick farming (original) (raw)

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Fire-stick farming, also known as cultural burning and cool burning, is the practice of Aboriginal Australians regularly using fire to burn vegetation, which has been practised for thousands of years. There are a number of purposes for doing this special type of controlled burning, including to facilitate hunting, to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area, weed control, hazard reduction, and increase of biodiversity.

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dbo:abstract Fire-stick farming, also known as cultural burning and cool burning, is the practice of Aboriginal Australians regularly using fire to burn vegetation, which has been practised for thousands of years. There are a number of purposes for doing this special type of controlled burning, including to facilitate hunting, to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area, weed control, hazard reduction, and increase of biodiversity. While it had been discontinued in many parts of Australia, it has been reintroduced in the 21st century by the teachings of custodians from areas where the practice is extant in continuous unbroken tradition such as the Noongar peoples' cold fire. (en) La Agricultura del palo incendiario (del inglés fire-stick farming) era una técnica propia de los aborígenes australianos para quemar áreas forestales (bush) y utilizar el suelo para la recolección o para facilitar la caza. A modo de antorcha, utilizaban palos ardientes para quemar la maleza. A largo plazo, tuvo consecuencias desastrosas para la ecología australiana; las selvas tropicales quedaron reducidas a pequeñas áreas de la Gran Cordillera Divisoria, dando paso a grandes sabanas. Esto ocurre porque el territorio se regenera con las plantas que más rápidamente consiguen adaptarse al suelo. Los incendios (intencionados o naturales) han ayudado en gran medida a la rápida expansión de los eucaliptos, que en los últimos treinta mil años ha pasado a dominar casi todo el paisaje forestal de Australia. Otras plantas que también salieron beneficiadas son las acacias y las banksias, que junto con los eucaliptos pudieron adaptarse al nuevo entorno por sus hojas duras que evitan la evaporación del agua durante la fotosíntesis y por las raíces lignotuberculares que poseen. A su vez, esta substitución de la flora australiana dio paso a una inestabilidad en la cadena trófica: aumentó la población de los especies de herbívoros como el canguro y la casi extinción de aves como el casuario. Una teoría sobre el por qué de la extinción de la megafauna australiana culpa a la agricultura del palo incendiario practicada durante miles de años.​ En los bosques esclerófilos resultantes, la agricultura del palo incendiario mantuvo dosel forestal abierto, lo que propició la aparición de sotobosque (matorrales, arbustos...) que a su vez permitieron el incremento de número de herbívoros y marsupiales. Los aborígenes utilizaban esta técnica para obtener alimentos. Cazaban herbívoros y recolectaban frutos de los nuevos arbustos, como por ejemplo patatas (Ipomea costata).​ No obstante, la gran mayoría de hectáreas quemadas en Australia durante el Holoceno son de causa natural (temperaturas, sequía,...). La colonización europea provocó cambios más sustanciales en el paisaje natural del continente, llegando a talar hasta el 70% de las selvas tropicales.​ El término agricultura del palo incendiario fue acuñado por el arqueólogo galés Rhys Jones (1941-2001) en 1969. (es) Agricultura com vara de fogo, também conhecida como queima cultural e queima fria, é a prática dos aborígenes australianos que usam regularmente o fogo para queimar a vegetação, o que é praticado há milhares de anos. Há uma série de propósitos para fazer esse tipo especial de queima controlada, incluindo facilitar a caça, alterar a composição de espécies vegetais e animais em uma área, controle de ervas daninhas, redução de riscos e aumento da biodiversidade. Embora tenha sido descontinuado em muitas partes da Austrália, foi reintroduzido no século 21 pelos ensinamentos de guardiões de áreas onde a prática existe em tradição ininterrupta contínua, como o fogo frio dos povos Noongar. (pt)
dbo:wikiPageExternalLink https://lens.monash.edu/@lynette-russell/2020/01/08/1379433%3Fslug=bringing-indigenous-knowledge-into-the-bushfires-conversation https://www.hardiegrant.com/au/publishing/bookfinder/book/fire-country-by-victor-steffensen/9781741177268 https://archive.org/details/burningbushfireh0000pyne https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/181040%7Ctitle=The https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7741099%7Cjournal=Science%7Cvolume=309%7Cissue=5732%7Cpages=287%E2%80%93290%7Cdoi=10.1126/science.1111288%7Cissn=0036-8075%7Cpmid=16002615%7Cbibcode=2005Sci...309..287M%7Cs2cid=22761857 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-24/savanna-burns-earn-carbon-credits-reduce-wildfire-risk/11874518%7Cdate=24 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-13/how-victor-steffensen-is-fighting-fire-with-fire/11866478 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-08/coronavirus-restrictions-indigenous-rangers-fire-management/12214714 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-20/willawarrin-cultural-burn-bushfire-nsw-big-weather/12778694 http://theconversation.com/we-are-professional-fire-watchers-and-were-astounded-by-the-scale-of-fires-in-remote-australia-right-now-172773 https://www.bia.gov/bia/ots/dfwfm/bwfm/forestry-fire-management-stories/seminole-tribe-florida-using-water-and-fire%7C
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rdfs:comment Fire-stick farming, also known as cultural burning and cool burning, is the practice of Aboriginal Australians regularly using fire to burn vegetation, which has been practised for thousands of years. There are a number of purposes for doing this special type of controlled burning, including to facilitate hunting, to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area, weed control, hazard reduction, and increase of biodiversity. (en) La Agricultura del palo incendiario (del inglés fire-stick farming) era una técnica propia de los aborígenes australianos para quemar áreas forestales (bush) y utilizar el suelo para la recolección o para facilitar la caza. A modo de antorcha, utilizaban palos ardientes para quemar la maleza. A largo plazo, tuvo consecuencias desastrosas para la ecología australiana; las selvas tropicales quedaron reducidas a pequeñas áreas de la Gran Cordillera Divisoria, dando paso a grandes sabanas. Esto ocurre porque el territorio se regenera con las plantas que más rápidamente consiguen adaptarse al suelo. (es) Agricultura com vara de fogo, também conhecida como queima cultural e queima fria, é a prática dos aborígenes australianos que usam regularmente o fogo para queimar a vegetação, o que é praticado há milhares de anos. Há uma série de propósitos para fazer esse tipo especial de queima controlada, incluindo facilitar a caça, alterar a composição de espécies vegetais e animais em uma área, controle de ervas daninhas, redução de riscos e aumento da biodiversidade. (pt)
rdfs:label Agricultura del palo incendiario (es) Fire-stick farming (en) Agricultura com vara de fogo (pt)
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