Geary Act (original) (raw)
Der Geary Act (deutsch: Geary-Gesetz) ist ein US-amerikanisches Bundesgesetz aus dem Jahr 1892, das die Regelungen des Chinese Exclusion Act verschärfte und deren Gültigkeit um 10 Jahre verlängerte. Der Chinese Exclusion Act war 1880 vom Kongress verabschiedet worden, um die chinesische Einwanderung in die USA aufzuheben.
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| dbo:abstract | Der Geary Act (deutsch: Geary-Gesetz) ist ein US-amerikanisches Bundesgesetz aus dem Jahr 1892, das die Regelungen des Chinese Exclusion Act verschärfte und deren Gültigkeit um 10 Jahre verlängerte. Der Chinese Exclusion Act war 1880 vom Kongress verabschiedet worden, um die chinesische Einwanderung in die USA aufzuheben. (de) The Geary Act was a United States law that extended the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 by adding onerous new requirements. It was written by California Representative Thomas J. Geary and was passed by Congress on May 5, 1892. The law required all Chinese residents of the United States to carry a resident permit, a sort of internal passport. Failure to carry the permit at all times was punishable by deportation or a year of hard labor. In addition, Chinese were not allowed to bear witness in court, and could not receive bail in habeas corpus proceedings. The Geary Act was challenged in the courts but was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in an opinion by Justice Horace Gray, Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U.S. 698, 13 S. Ct. 1016. 37 L.Ed. 905 (1893), Justices David Josiah Brewer, Stephen J. Field, and Chief Justice Melville Fuller dissenting. The Chinese Exclusion Acts remained in force until partly modified by the Magnuson Act in 1943, which slightly opened up Chinese immigration and permitted naturalization. (en) La loi Geary (Geary Act) était une loi américaine entrée en vigueur en 1892 et rédigée par le député de Californie à la Chambre des représentants . Elle renouvelait la loi d'exclusion des Chinois de 1882 en y ajoutant des provisions supplémentaires. La loi exigeait que tous les résidents chinois des États-Unis devaient porter sur eux à tout moment un permis de séjour, sorte de passeport domestique, baptisé « certificat de résidence ». En cas de violation, le coupable pourrait se voir déporté ou condamné à un an de travaux forcés. Les Chinois n'avaient de plus pas le droit de témoigner en cours de justice, et ne pouvaient être libérés sous caution selon les règles de l'habeas corpus. La loi Geary fut attaquée en justice mais fut maintenue par la Cour suprême des États-Unis par une opinion majoritaire écrite par le juge à la suite du procès Fong Yue Ting v. United States, où seul le juge exprima une opinion minoritaire. Elle fut renouvelée en 1902, cette fois-ci sans date d'expiration, avant d'être abrogée avec le vote de la loi Magnuson en 1943. (fr) Il Geary Act fu un decreto legislativo approvato nel 1892 negli Stati Uniti per scoraggiare l'immigrazione di lavoratori cinesi. Prese il nome dal rappresentante della California e fu votato dal Congresso per aggiungere ulteriori clausole al Chinese Exclusion Act del 1882. Nonostante numerosi ricorsi, la legge fu difesa dalla Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti nel 1893 nella vertenza Fong Yue Ting contro gli Stati Uniti. Secondo questa legge, tutti i cinesi residenti negli Stati Uniti erano tenuti a richiedere un permesso di soggiorno che funzionava da "passaporto" all'interno della federazione. Lo smarrimento di tali documenti o la mancata esibizione alle autorità poteva costare la deportazione oppure un anno di lavori forzati. Oltretutto, i cittadini cinesi non potevano chiamare dei testimoni durante in tribunale e non poteva essere loro concesso di pagare una cauzione di buona condotta durante i processi habeas corpus. Questi atti di discriminazione ai danni dei cittadini cinesi rimasero in vigore fino al 1943, quando il parzialmente allentò le misure restrittive contro l'immigrazione e consentì ai cinesi di richiedere la naturalizzazione. (it) |
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| dbp:citePublicLaw | 52 (xsd:integer) |
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| dbp:conferencedate | 1892-05-02 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:effectiveDate | 1892-05-05 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:enactedBy | 52 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:introducedby | Thomas J. Geary (en) |
| dbp:introduceddate | 1892-02-18 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:introducedin | House (en) |
| dbp:longtitle | An Act to prohibit the coming of Chinese persons into the United States. (en) |
| dbp:nickname | Chinese Exclusion Act of 1892 (en) |
| dbp:passedbody | House (en) Senate (en) |
| dbp:passeddate | 1892-04-04 (xsd:date) 1892-04-25 (xsd:date) 1892-05-03 (xsd:date) 1892-05-04 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:shorttitle | Geary Act (en) |
| dbp:signeddate | 1892-05-05 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:signedpresident | dbr:Benjamin_Harrison |
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| rdfs:comment | Der Geary Act (deutsch: Geary-Gesetz) ist ein US-amerikanisches Bundesgesetz aus dem Jahr 1892, das die Regelungen des Chinese Exclusion Act verschärfte und deren Gültigkeit um 10 Jahre verlängerte. Der Chinese Exclusion Act war 1880 vom Kongress verabschiedet worden, um die chinesische Einwanderung in die USA aufzuheben. (de) The Geary Act was a United States law that extended the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 by adding onerous new requirements. It was written by California Representative Thomas J. Geary and was passed by Congress on May 5, 1892. The law required all Chinese residents of the United States to carry a resident permit, a sort of internal passport. Failure to carry the permit at all times was punishable by deportation or a year of hard labor. In addition, Chinese were not allowed to bear witness in court, and could not receive bail in habeas corpus proceedings. (en) La loi Geary (Geary Act) était une loi américaine entrée en vigueur en 1892 et rédigée par le député de Californie à la Chambre des représentants . Elle renouvelait la loi d'exclusion des Chinois de 1882 en y ajoutant des provisions supplémentaires. La loi Geary fut attaquée en justice mais fut maintenue par la Cour suprême des États-Unis par une opinion majoritaire écrite par le juge à la suite du procès Fong Yue Ting v. United States, où seul le juge exprima une opinion minoritaire. (fr) Il Geary Act fu un decreto legislativo approvato nel 1892 negli Stati Uniti per scoraggiare l'immigrazione di lavoratori cinesi. Prese il nome dal rappresentante della California e fu votato dal Congresso per aggiungere ulteriori clausole al Chinese Exclusion Act del 1882. Nonostante numerosi ricorsi, la legge fu difesa dalla Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti nel 1893 nella vertenza Fong Yue Ting contro gli Stati Uniti. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Geary Act (de) Geary Act (en) Geary Act (it) Loi Geary (fr) |
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