| dbo:abstract |
المذبحة الصينية عام 1871، هي مذبحة عنصرية وقعت في يوم 24 أكتوبر عام 1871 في لوس أنجلوس بكاليفورنيا، حين دخل حشد يتألف من نحو 500 شخص من ذوي البشرة البيضاء ومن الهسبانين الأمريكيين إلى حي تشيناتاون (الحي الصيني)، فهاجموا وسرقوا وقتلوا السكان الصينيين. وقعت المذبحة في كال دي لوس نيغروس (شارع السود)، والذي يُشار إليه أيضًا باسم «زقاق السود». تجمع الحشد بعد أن سمعوا أن أحد رجال الشرطة تعرض لإطلاق النار، وأن أحد المزارعين قُتل على يد صينيين. وصفت مصادر قليلة في القرن الحادي والعشرين هذا الحدث بأنه أكبر عملية إعدام دون محاكمة، جماعي، في التاريخ الأمريكي. شنق الحشد عددًا يتراوح بين 17 و20 مهاجرًا صينيًا خلال أعمال الشغب، لكن معظمهم كانوا قد قتلوا رميًا بالرصاص. جرى تشويه جسد حالة واحدة على الأقل، عندما قام أحدهم بقطع إصبعه ليحصل على خاتمه الماسي. حوكم عشرة رجال من الحشد وأدين ثمانية منهم بتهمة القتل الخطأ. أُلغيت الإدانتان في الاستئناف لأسباب فنية. (ar) The Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871 was a racial massacre targeting Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles, California, United States that occurred on October 24, 1871. Approximately 500 white and Hispanic Americans attacked, harassed, robbed, and murdered the ethnic Chinese residents of the old Chinatown neighborhood of the city of Los Angeles, California. The massacre took place on Calle de los Negros, also referred to as "Negro Alley". The mob gathered after hearing that a policeman and a rancher had been killed as a result of a conflict between rival tongs, the Nin Yung, and Hong Chow. As news of their death spread across the city, fueling rumors that the Chinese community "were killing whites wholesale", more men gathered around the boundaries of Negro Alley. A few 21st-century sources have described this as the largest mass lynching in American history. Nineteen Chinese immigrants were killed, fifteen of whom were hanged by the mob in the course of the riot, but 11 had had already been shot to death before being hanged. At least one was mutilated, when a member of the mob cut off a finger to obtain the victim's diamond ring. Those killed represented over 10% of the small Chinese population of Los Angeles at the time, which numbered 172 prior to the massacre. Ten men of the mob were prosecuted and eight were convicted of manslaughter in these deaths. The convictions were overturned on appeal due to technicalities. (en) La masacre de chinos de Los Ángeles fue una masacre racial que ocurrió el 24 de octubre de 1871 en Los Ángeles (California), cuando una turba de alrededor 500 personas blancas e hispánicas entraron en el barrio chino y atacaron, robaron y asesinaron a residentes chinos. La masacre tuvo lugar en la «Calle de los Negros», también conocida como «Negro Alley». La turba se reunió después de oír que un policía había sido disparado y un granjero asesinado por un chino. Algunas fuentes del siglo XXI lo han descrito como el mayor linchamiento en masa de la historia de Estados Unidos. Se estima que entre 17 y 20 inmigrantes chinos fueron ahorcados por la turba en el transcurso de los disturbios, pero la mayoría ya había sido asesinada a tiros. Al menos uno fue mutilado, cuando alguien le cortó un dedo para conseguir su anillo de diamantes. Diez hombres de la turba fueron procesados y ocho fueron condenados por homicidio involuntario. Las condenas fueron anuladas en apelación debido a tecnicismos. (es) 1871年洛杉矶华人大屠杀（Chinese massacre of 1871），是1871年10月24日发生在美国洛杉矶的针对华人的种族仇杀事件，超过500名男性白人暴徒冲进洛杉矶唐人街袭击、抢劫并杀害当地华人居民。这起骚乱发生在尼格罗人街（Calle de los Negros，又称“黑鬼巷”Nigger Alley），后来该街成为的一部分。共有18名华人移民在这次屠杀中被暴徒杀害，使这起所谓的“唐人街之战”（Chinatown War）成为美国历史上最大规模的私刑事件。 (zh) |
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https://kpfa.org/episode/letters-and-politics-october-27-2021/ http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award99/cubhtml/related.html http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r%3Fammem/calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk023div37)) https://web.archive.org/web/20060207025015/http:/www.camla.org/history/massacre.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20060213232032/http:/www.clipi.org/ourwork/heritageparkscape.html https://web.archive.org/web/20060505115356/http:/www.usc.edu/isd/archives/la/scandals/chinese_riots.html https://web.archive.org/web/20060516084635/http:/www.eastwestdiscovery.com/Samples.asp https://web.archive.org/web/20081110133145/http:/www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/history/historylab/ISLA_99b/NEH_Project/ISLA11.htm https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/events/1870_1880.htm https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=hjZmMUZgwrQ https://www.laweekly.com/how-los-angeles-covered-up-the-massacre-of-17-chinese/ |
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Chinese immigrants who were murdered during the massacre (en) |
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Mob of around 500 non-Chinese men (en) |
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1871年洛杉矶华人大屠杀（Chinese massacre of 1871），是1871年10月24日发生在美国洛杉矶的针对华人的种族仇杀事件，超过500名男性白人暴徒冲进洛杉矶唐人街袭击、抢劫并杀害当地华人居民。这起骚乱发生在尼格罗人街（Calle de los Negros，又称“黑鬼巷”Nigger Alley），后来该街成为的一部分。共有18名华人移民在这次屠杀中被暴徒杀害，使这起所谓的“唐人街之战”（Chinatown War）成为美国历史上最大规模的私刑事件。 (zh) المذبحة الصينية عام 1871، هي مذبحة عنصرية وقعت في يوم 24 أكتوبر عام 1871 في لوس أنجلوس بكاليفورنيا، حين دخل حشد يتألف من نحو 500 شخص من ذوي البشرة البيضاء ومن الهسبانين الأمريكيين إلى حي تشيناتاون (الحي الصيني)، فهاجموا وسرقوا وقتلوا السكان الصينيين. وقعت المذبحة في كال دي لوس نيغروس (شارع السود)، والذي يُشار إليه أيضًا باسم «زقاق السود». تجمع الحشد بعد أن سمعوا أن أحد رجال الشرطة تعرض لإطلاق النار، وأن أحد المزارعين قُتل على يد صينيين. وصفت مصادر قليلة في القرن الحادي والعشرين هذا الحدث بأنه أكبر عملية إعدام دون محاكمة، جماعي، في التاريخ الأمريكي. (ar) La masacre de chinos de Los Ángeles fue una masacre racial que ocurrió el 24 de octubre de 1871 en Los Ángeles (California), cuando una turba de alrededor 500 personas blancas e hispánicas entraron en el barrio chino y atacaron, robaron y asesinaron a residentes chinos. La masacre tuvo lugar en la «Calle de los Negros», también conocida como «Negro Alley». La turba se reunió después de oír que un policía había sido disparado y un granjero asesinado por un chino. Algunas fuentes del siglo XXI lo han descrito como el mayor linchamiento en masa de la historia de Estados Unidos. (es) The Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871 was a racial massacre targeting Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles, California, United States that occurred on October 24, 1871. Approximately 500 white and Hispanic Americans attacked, harassed, robbed, and murdered the ethnic Chinese residents of the old Chinatown neighborhood of the city of Los Angeles, California. The massacre took place on Calle de los Negros, also referred to as "Negro Alley". The mob gathered after hearing that a policeman and a rancher had been killed as a result of a conflict between rival tongs, the Nin Yung, and Hong Chow. As news of their death spread across the city, fueling rumors that the Chinese community "were killing whites wholesale", more men gathered around the boundaries of Negro Alley. A few 21st-century source (en) |
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