Glottalic theory (original) (raw)
Segons la teoria glotal, l'indoeuropeu tenia oclusives ejectives (*pʼ *tʼ *kʼ) en comptes d'oclusives sonores (*b *d *ɡ). La teoria glotal la desenvoluparen independentment als Estats Units i a la Unió Soviètica i , i havia estat suggerida pel lingüista danés Holger Pedersen en un treball de 1951. Mentre que els primers lingüistes, com André Martinet i Morris Swadesh havien vist les repercussions de substituir els sons glotals per les suposades oclusives simples del protoindoeuropeu, la proposta quedà com una especulació fins que Hopper a la revista Glossa i Gamkrelidze i Ivanov a la revista Phonetica en feren públics simultàniament dades substancials el 1973.
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| dbo:abstract | Segons la teoria glotal, l'indoeuropeu tenia oclusives ejectives (*pʼ *tʼ *kʼ) en comptes d'oclusives sonores (*b *d *ɡ). La teoria glotal la desenvoluparen independentment als Estats Units i a la Unió Soviètica i , i havia estat suggerida pel lingüista danés Holger Pedersen en un treball de 1951. Mentre que els primers lingüistes, com André Martinet i Morris Swadesh havien vist les repercussions de substituir els sons glotals per les suposades oclusives simples del protoindoeuropeu, la proposta quedà com una especulació fins que Hopper a la revista Glossa i Gamkrelidze i Ivanov a la revista Phonetica en feren públics simultàniament dades substancials el 1973. (ca) Laut der Glottaltheorie hatte die Indogermanische Ursprache anstelle der stimmhaften Plosive b d g der klassischen Rekonstruktion die Ejektive p’ t’ k’. Ein Vorgänger dieser Theorie wurde vom dänischen Linguisten Holger Pedersen vorgeschlagen, enthielt jedoch keine glottalisierten Laute. Auch wenn Linguisten wie André Martinet und Morris Swadesh früh das Potential erkannten, das mit der Ersetzung der unaspirierten stimmhaften Verschlusslaute durch glottalisierte Laute verbunden war, blieb dieser Vorschlag rein spekulativ, bis 1973 stichhaltige Beweise gleichzeitig und unabhängig voneinander von (USA) in der Zeitschrift „Glossa“ und von Tamaz Gamkrelidze und Wjatscheslaw Iwanow (UdSSR) in der Zeitschrift „Phonetica“ veröffentlicht wurden. (de) The glottalic theory is that Proto-Indo-European had ejective stops, *pʼ *tʼ *kʼ, instead of the plain voiced ones, *b *d *ɡ as hypothesized by the usual Proto-Indo-European phonological reconstructions. A forerunner of the theory was proposed by the Danish linguist Holger Pedersen in 1951, but he did not involve glottalized sounds. While early linguists such as André Martinet and Morris Swadesh had seen the potential of substituting glottalic sounds for the supposed plain voiced stops of Proto-Indo-European, the proposal remained speculative until it was fully fleshed out simultaneously but independently in theories in 1973 by Paul Hopper of the United States and by Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze and Vyacheslav Ivanov of the Soviet Union in the journal Phonetica in 1973. The glottalic theory "enjoyed a not insignificant following for a time, but it has been rejected by most Indo-Europeanists." The most recent publication supporting it is Allan R. Bomhard (2008 and 2011) in a discussion of the controversial Nostratic hypothesis, and its most vocal proponents today are historical linguists at the University of Leiden. An earlier supporter, Theo Vennemann, has abandoned the glottalic theory because of incompatibilities between it and his theory of a Semitic substrate and loanwords in Germanic and Celtic languages (Vennemann 2006). However, Martin Kümmel (2012), although rejecting the ejective hypothesis as implausible, argues for a re-interpretation of these stops as implosive, comparable to the Leiden interpretation as pre-glottalized stops. (en) Глоттальная теория — гипотеза, реинтерпретирующая реконструкцию праиндоевропейских смычных согласных. Была выдвинута в начале 1970-х Тамазом Гамкрелидзе и Вячеславом Ивановым, а также независимо от них Полом Хоппером. (ru) 声门音理论（英語：Glottalic theory）认为传统的原始印欧语音系构拟中的 /bʱ dʱ ɡʱ/，实际上应为塞音 /pʼ tʼ kʼ/（或其他声门化的类似音素）。该理论的雏形最早由丹麦语言学家 Holger Pedersen 提出，初稿中未提到声门化音的概念，其后 André Martinet 和 Morris Swadesh 发现用声门音来解释原始印欧语浊塞音的可行性。1972-1973年，美国的 Paul Hopper 与苏联的 Thomas Gamkrelidze、各自提出较完善的理论猜想。声门音理论在提出后曾有一段辉煌的认可时期，曾一度被视为像喉音理论一样能够改写原始印欧语教材的理论。然而时至如今，它已被多数原始印欧语研究者所抛弃，仅剩下为数不多的信奉者。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Segons la teoria glotal, l'indoeuropeu tenia oclusives ejectives (*pʼ *tʼ *kʼ) en comptes d'oclusives sonores (*b *d *ɡ). La teoria glotal la desenvoluparen independentment als Estats Units i a la Unió Soviètica i , i havia estat suggerida pel lingüista danés Holger Pedersen en un treball de 1951. Mentre que els primers lingüistes, com André Martinet i Morris Swadesh havien vist les repercussions de substituir els sons glotals per les suposades oclusives simples del protoindoeuropeu, la proposta quedà com una especulació fins que Hopper a la revista Glossa i Gamkrelidze i Ivanov a la revista Phonetica en feren públics simultàniament dades substancials el 1973. (ca) Laut der Glottaltheorie hatte die Indogermanische Ursprache anstelle der stimmhaften Plosive b d g der klassischen Rekonstruktion die Ejektive p’ t’ k’. Ein Vorgänger dieser Theorie wurde vom dänischen Linguisten Holger Pedersen vorgeschlagen, enthielt jedoch keine glottalisierten Laute. Auch wenn Linguisten wie André Martinet und Morris Swadesh früh das Potential erkannten, das mit der Ersetzung der unaspirierten stimmhaften Verschlusslaute durch glottalisierte Laute verbunden war, blieb dieser Vorschlag rein spekulativ, bis 1973 stichhaltige Beweise gleichzeitig und unabhängig voneinander von (USA) in der Zeitschrift „Glossa“ und von Tamaz Gamkrelidze und Wjatscheslaw Iwanow (UdSSR) in der Zeitschrift „Phonetica“ veröffentlicht wurden. (de) Глоттальная теория — гипотеза, реинтерпретирующая реконструкцию праиндоевропейских смычных согласных. Была выдвинута в начале 1970-х Тамазом Гамкрелидзе и Вячеславом Ивановым, а также независимо от них Полом Хоппером. (ru) 声门音理论（英語：Glottalic theory）认为传统的原始印欧语音系构拟中的 /bʱ dʱ ɡʱ/，实际上应为塞音 /pʼ tʼ kʼ/（或其他声门化的类似音素）。该理论的雏形最早由丹麦语言学家 Holger Pedersen 提出，初稿中未提到声门化音的概念，其后 André Martinet 和 Morris Swadesh 发现用声门音来解释原始印欧语浊塞音的可行性。1972-1973年，美国的 Paul Hopper 与苏联的 Thomas Gamkrelidze、各自提出较完善的理论猜想。声门音理论在提出后曾有一段辉煌的认可时期，曾一度被视为像喉音理论一样能够改写原始印欧语教材的理论。然而时至如今，它已被多数原始印欧语研究者所抛弃，仅剩下为数不多的信奉者。 (zh) The glottalic theory is that Proto-Indo-European had ejective stops, *pʼ *tʼ *kʼ, instead of the plain voiced ones, *b *d *ɡ as hypothesized by the usual Proto-Indo-European phonological reconstructions. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Teoria glotal (ca) Glottaltheorie (de) Glottalic theory (en) Глоттальная теория (ru) 声门音理论 (zh) |
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