Great Offensive (original) (raw)
Als Große Offensive (türkisch Büyük Taarruz) wird die größte und letzte Militäroperation des Griechisch-Türkischen Kriegs im Rahmen des türkischen Befreiungskrieges bezeichnet. Sie begann am 26. August 1922 mit der Schlacht von Dumlupınar. Die türkische Widerstandsbewegung legte dabei unter der Führung Mustafa Kemal Paschas mit ihrer Truppe innerhalb von zehn Tagen eine Strecke von etwa 300 Kilometern hin und setzte gezwungenermaßen auf Infanterie und Kavallerie. Trotz zahlenmäßig deutlicher sowie ausrüstungstechnischer Unterlegenheit gingen die türkischen Befreiungskräfte als Sieger hervor. Dies hatte zur Folge, dass die griechische Belagerung Anatoliens zu Ende ging.
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| dbo:abstract | Η μάχη του Αλή Βεράν (17 Αυγούστου 1922) είναι στρατιωτική σύγκρουση που έλαβε χώρα στην Μικρά Ασία κατά την τελευταία φάση της Μικρασιατικής εκστρατείας και πιο συγκεκριμένα σε ένα στενό πέρασμα ανάμεσα στους δίδυμους λόφους "Κιουτσούκ" και "Μπουγιούκ Αντά" και παρά τους πρόποδες των ορέων "Μουράτ", "Χασάν Ντεντέ" και "Αντά Τεπέ". Αντίπαλοι ήταν, από τη μία μονάδες των Α΄ και Β΄ Σωμάτων του ελληνικού στρατού με διοικητή τον αρχιστράτηγο Νικόλαο Τρικούπη και από την άλλη, πολυπληθέστερα τμήματα υπό την ηγεσία του ίδιου του Μουσταφά Κεμάλ, που αποτελούσαν τον κύριο όγκο της συνολικής δύναμης του τουρκικού στρατού. Έπειτα από ολοήμερη σύγκρουση των 16 ελληνικών ταγμάτων με 60 τουρκικά, οι ελληνικές μονάδες παρέμειναν κυρίαρχες στο πεδίο της μάχης και επωφελήθηκαν της νύχτας γιά να αποχωρήσουν ανενόχλητες. Σε αυτό βοήθησε η σθεναρή τους αντίσταση στις τουρκικές επιθέσεις που αποθάρρυνε τον εχθρό και η κόπωση όλων(Ελλήνων και Τούρκων) που πολεμοῦσαν αδιάκοπα γιά πέντε ημέρες ήδη. Οι Έλληνες τραυματίες που δεν μπορούσαν να βαδίσουν αφέθηκαν στην κοιλάδα του Αλή Βεράν και, κατά πληροφορίες, σφαγιάσθηκαν . (el) Als Große Offensive (türkisch Büyük Taarruz) wird die größte und letzte Militäroperation des Griechisch-Türkischen Kriegs im Rahmen des türkischen Befreiungskrieges bezeichnet. Sie begann am 26. August 1922 mit der Schlacht von Dumlupınar. Die türkische Widerstandsbewegung legte dabei unter der Führung Mustafa Kemal Paschas mit ihrer Truppe innerhalb von zehn Tagen eine Strecke von etwa 300 Kilometern hin und setzte gezwungenermaßen auf Infanterie und Kavallerie. Trotz zahlenmäßig deutlicher sowie ausrüstungstechnischer Unterlegenheit gingen die türkischen Befreiungskräfte als Sieger hervor. Dies hatte zur Folge, dass die griechische Belagerung Anatoliens zu Ende ging. (de) The Great Offensive (Turkish: Büyük Taarruz; Ottoman Turkish: بیوك تعرض) was the largest and final military operation of the Turkish War of Independence, fought between the Turkish Armed Forces loyal to the government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and the Kingdom of Greece, ending the Greco-Turkish War. The offensive began on 26 August 1922 with the Battle of Dumlupınar. The Turks amassed around 98,000 men, the largest number since the beginning of the war, to begin the offensive against the Greek army of approximately 130,000 men. From 31 August to 9 September, the front moved a distance of 300 km (190 mi) as the Greek troops retreated. The Turkish army lacked motorized vehicles; its forces consisted of infantry and cavalry units, and logistical support was provided by a supply system based on ox carts. The Turkish troops reached the sea on 9 September with the capture of İzmir. The operation ended on 18 September 1922 with the capture of Erdek and Biga. The staggering defeat caused great dissent within the Greek army and a general loss of morale, which led to unwillingness to continue fighting. On top of this, numerous Greek divisions had been encircled and destroyed as effective fighting units, which meant that the Greek army had lost its offensive capabilities and was unable to organize a controlled retreat, leading to numerous Greek POWs. (en) Serangan Besar (bahasa Turki: Büyük Taarruz) adalah operasi militer terbesar dan terakhir yang dilancarkan selama Perang Kemerdekaan Turki. Operasi ini dilancarkan oleh Angkatan Bersenjata Turki yang setia kepada dan mereka berupaya mengusir pasukan Kerajaan Yunani dari wilayah Anatolia Barat. Untuk itu, Turki berhasil mengumpulkan 104.000 pasukan, dan mereka berhadapan dengan pasukan Yunani yang berjumlah 200.000 orang Serangan ini dimulai pada tanggal 26 Agustus 1922 setelah meletusnya Pertempuran Dumlupınar. Pasukan Turki melaju selama 10 hari (dari tanggal 31 Agustus hingga 9 September) dan melewati jarak sejauh 300 km sembari melawan pasukan Yunani. Pasukan Turki tidak memiliki kendaraan bermotor; pasukannya terdir idari satuan infantri dan kavaleri, dan logistik diperoleh dari gerobak-gerobak sapi. Pasukan Turki berhasil mencapai wilayah pesisir pada tanggal 9 September dan merebut kembali kota Smyrna (İzmir). Operasi ini berakhir pada tanggal 18 September 1922 setelah pasukan Turki menguasai kota dan . (in) Het Grote Offensief (Turks: Büyük Taarruz) was de grootste en laatste militaire operatie van de Turkse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog, gevochten tussen de Turkse strijdkrachten loyaal aan het Grote Nationale Assemblee van Turkije en het Koninkrijk van Griekenland, tijdens de Grieks-Turkse Oorlog. Het offensief begon op 26 augustus 1922 met de Slag om Dumlupınar, op 9 september bereikten de Turkse troepen de zee met de bevrijding van İzmir. Het eindigde op 18 september 1922 met de bevrijding van Erdek en Biga. De Turken hadden ongeveer 104.000 man bijeengebracht, het grootste aantal sinds de start van de oorlog, om met het offensief op 26 augustus het van meer dan 200.000 man uit West-Anatolië te verdrijven. Er begon een achtervolging op een 400 kilometer breed front. De Turkse eenheden marcheerden tien dagen lang (van 31 augustus tot 9 september) over een afstand van 300 km terwijl ze de strijd aangingen met de Griekse troepen. Het Turkse leger ontbrak gemotoriseerde voertuigen; de strijdkrachten bestonden uit infanterie en cavalerie-eenheden, en er werd logistieke ondersteuning verleend door een leveringssysteem gebaseerd op ossenkarren. Binnen twee weken dreef het Turkse leger de Griekse troepen uit Anatolië. Van 26 augustus tot en met 9 september achtervolgden de Turkse troepen de vluchtende Griekse troepen over een afstand van 400 km naar İzmir, welke later werd verlaten door de Griekse troepen. De Griekse bezetting van İzmir, die begon in mei 1919, eindigde op 9 september 1922 met de bevrijding van İzmir. Het Grote Offensief eindigde op 18 september 1922 met de bevrijding van Erdek en Biga. De onthutsende nederlaag veroorzaakte grote ontevredenheid binnen het Griekse leger en een algemeen verlies van moraal, die leidde tot onwil om te blijven vechten. Bovendien werden talloze Griekse divisies omsingeld en vernietigd als effectieve gevechtseenheden wat ervoor zorgden dat het Griekse leger zijn offensieve capaciteiten had verloren. Hierdoor waren zij niet in staat om op een gecontroleerde manier de terugtrekking te organiseren, wat leidde tot een groot aantal Griekse krijgsgevangenen. (nl) La Grande offensiva (in turco Büyük Taarruz; in turco ottomano بیوك تعرض) è stata la più grande e ultima operazione militare della Guerra d'indipendenza turca, combattuta tra le forze armate turche fedeli al governo della Grande Assemblea Nazionale di Turchia, e il Regno di Grecia, ponendo fine alla guerra greco-turca. L'offensiva iniziò il 26 agosto 1922 con la battaglia di Dumlupınar. I turchi ammassarono circa 98.000 uomini, il numero più alto dall'inizio della guerra, per iniziare l'offensiva contro l'esercito greco composto da circa 130.000 uomini. Dal 31 agosto al 9 settembre il fronte si spostò di 300 km (190 mi) mentre le truppe greche si ritiravano. L'esercito turco non disponeva di veicoli a motore e le sue forze erano costituite da unità di fanteria e cavalleria mentre il supporto logistico era fornito da un sistema di rifornimento basato su carri trainati da buoi. Le truppe turche raggiunsero il mare il 9 settembre con la riconquista di Smirne. L'operazione terminò il 18 settembre 1922 con la liberazione di Erdek e Biga. La sconcertante sconfitta causò un grande dissenso all'interno dell'esercito greco e una generale perdita del morale, che portò alla riluttanza di continuare a combattere. Numerose divisioni greche, inoltre, erano state circondate e distrutte come unità combattenti coese. Ciò significava che l'esercito greco aveva perso la sua capacità offensiva e non era in grado di organizzare una ritirata controllata, motivo che causò numerosi prigionieri greci di guerra. (it) 大攻勢（土耳其語：Büyük Taarruz；鄂圖曼土耳其語：بیوك تعرض）為土耳其獨立戰爭中規模最大，同時為最後一場軍事行動。交戰方為效忠土耳其大國民議會政府的土耳其軍隊與希臘王國，並最終結束了第二次希土戰爭。進攻始於1922年8月26日的，為此土耳其集結了98000大軍，對希臘約13萬大軍發動進攻──這使土方自開戰以來集結的最大數量。爾後從8月31日至9月9日期間，隨著希臘軍隊節節敗退，土耳其前線往前推進了300 km（190 mi）。土耳其缺乏車輛，是以他們的軍隊由步兵與騎兵組成；後勤則基本上依靠牛車來進行補資。 土耳其軍隊於9月9日抵達海岸並，整體行動於同月的18日結束，期間又佔領了埃爾代克和比加。這場慘敗導致希臘軍隊產生極大不滿，致使喪失軍心，並不願繼續綻露下去，最重要的，是許多有效的希臘戰鬥單位盡數被土耳其包圍、摧毀，這意味著希臘失去了進攻的能力，同時也無法井然有序的撤退，最終促使了大量希臘軍隊被俘。 (zh) |
| dbo:causalties | Total: 13,476 2,318 killed, 9,360 wounded, 1,697 missing and 101 prisoners |
| dbo:combatant | Greece Ankara Government |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Georgios_Hatzianestis dbr:Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk dbr:İsmet_İnönü dbr:Fevzi_Çakmak dbr:Nikolaos_Trikoupis dbr:Kimon_Digenis |
| dbo:date | 1922-09-18 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict | dbr:Greco-Turkish_War_(1919–1922) |
| dbo:place | dbr:Uşak dbr:İzmir dbr:Anatolia dbr:Dumlupınar,_Kütahya |
| dbo:result | Turkish victory *Armistice of Mudanya * End of theTurkish War of Independence |
| dbo:strength | 1,300 cavalry 130,000 infantry 5,286 cavalry 323artillery 348artillery 98,670 - 103,000 infantry |
| dbo:territory | dbr:Turkish_capture_of_Smyrna dbr:Greek_Army |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/The_Turkish_Army's_entry_into_Izmir.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://web.archive.org/web/20111007190536/http:/www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_8_Turk_Tarihinde_Onemli_Gunler/Izmirin_Kurtulusu/Izmirin_Kurtulusu.htm http://video.google.com/videoplay%3Fdocid=-7293533544594680348%23 |
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| dbp:caption | Entry of Turkish army into Izmir (en) |
| dbp:casualties | 2318 (xsd:integer) 35000 (xsd:integer) 0001-09-07 (xsd:gMonthDay) (en) Total: 13,476 (en) Total: 50,000 (en) |
| dbp:combatant | Greece (en) Ankara Government (en) |
| dbp:commander | (en) Fevzi Pasha (en) Kimon Digenis (en) Mustafa Kemal Pasha (en) Nikolaos Trikoupis (en) İsmet Pasha (en) Georgios Hatzianestis (en) |
| dbp:conflict | The Great Offensive (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-08-26 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:imageSize | 275 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:partof | the Greco-Turkish War (1919–22) of the Turkish War of Independence (en) |
| dbp:place | Western Anatolia (en) |
| dbp:result | Turkish victory * Armistice of Mudanya * End of the Turkish War of Independence (en) |
| dbp:strength | 323 (xsd:integer) 348 (xsd:integer) 1300 (xsd:integer) 5286 (xsd:integer) 98670 (xsd:integer) 130000 (xsd:integer) (en) |
| dbp:territory | * Turkish capture of Smyrna * Greek Army withdrawal from Western Anatolia (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Als Große Offensive (türkisch Büyük Taarruz) wird die größte und letzte Militäroperation des Griechisch-Türkischen Kriegs im Rahmen des türkischen Befreiungskrieges bezeichnet. Sie begann am 26. August 1922 mit der Schlacht von Dumlupınar. Die türkische Widerstandsbewegung legte dabei unter der Führung Mustafa Kemal Paschas mit ihrer Truppe innerhalb von zehn Tagen eine Strecke von etwa 300 Kilometern hin und setzte gezwungenermaßen auf Infanterie und Kavallerie. Trotz zahlenmäßig deutlicher sowie ausrüstungstechnischer Unterlegenheit gingen die türkischen Befreiungskräfte als Sieger hervor. Dies hatte zur Folge, dass die griechische Belagerung Anatoliens zu Ende ging. (de) 大攻勢（土耳其語：Büyük Taarruz；鄂圖曼土耳其語：بیوك تعرض）為土耳其獨立戰爭中規模最大，同時為最後一場軍事行動。交戰方為效忠土耳其大國民議會政府的土耳其軍隊與希臘王國，並最終結束了第二次希土戰爭。進攻始於1922年8月26日的，為此土耳其集結了98000大軍，對希臘約13萬大軍發動進攻──這使土方自開戰以來集結的最大數量。爾後從8月31日至9月9日期間，隨著希臘軍隊節節敗退，土耳其前線往前推進了300 km（190 mi）。土耳其缺乏車輛，是以他們的軍隊由步兵與騎兵組成；後勤則基本上依靠牛車來進行補資。 土耳其軍隊於9月9日抵達海岸並，整體行動於同月的18日結束，期間又佔領了埃爾代克和比加。這場慘敗導致希臘軍隊產生極大不滿，致使喪失軍心，並不願繼續綻露下去，最重要的，是許多有效的希臘戰鬥單位盡數被土耳其包圍、摧毀，這意味著希臘失去了進攻的能力，同時也無法井然有序的撤退，最終促使了大量希臘軍隊被俘。 (zh) Η μάχη του Αλή Βεράν (17 Αυγούστου 1922) είναι στρατιωτική σύγκρουση που έλαβε χώρα στην Μικρά Ασία κατά την τελευταία φάση της Μικρασιατικής εκστρατείας και πιο συγκεκριμένα σε ένα στενό πέρασμα ανάμεσα στους δίδυμους λόφους "Κιουτσούκ" και "Μπουγιούκ Αντά" και παρά τους πρόποδες των ορέων "Μουράτ", "Χασάν Ντεντέ" και "Αντά Τεπέ". Αντίπαλοι ήταν, από τη μία μονάδες των Α΄ και Β΄ Σωμάτων του ελληνικού στρατού με διοικητή τον αρχιστράτηγο Νικόλαο Τρικούπη και από την άλλη, πολυπληθέστερα τμήματα υπό την ηγεσία του ίδιου του Μουσταφά Κεμάλ, που αποτελούσαν τον κύριο όγκο της συνολικής δύναμης του τουρκικού στρατού. Έπειτα από ολοήμερη σύγκρουση των 16 ελληνικών ταγμάτων με 60 τουρκικά, οι ελληνικές μονάδες παρέμειναν κυρίαρχες στο πεδίο της μάχης και επωφελήθηκαν της νύχτας γιά να αποχωρήσου (el) The Great Offensive (Turkish: Büyük Taarruz; Ottoman Turkish: بیوك تعرض) was the largest and final military operation of the Turkish War of Independence, fought between the Turkish Armed Forces loyal to the government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and the Kingdom of Greece, ending the Greco-Turkish War. The offensive began on 26 August 1922 with the Battle of Dumlupınar. The Turks amassed around 98,000 men, the largest number since the beginning of the war, to begin the offensive against the Greek army of approximately 130,000 men. From 31 August to 9 September, the front moved a distance of 300 km (190 mi) as the Greek troops retreated. The Turkish army lacked motorized vehicles; its forces consisted of infantry and cavalry units, and logistical support was provided by a suppl (en) Serangan Besar (bahasa Turki: Büyük Taarruz) adalah operasi militer terbesar dan terakhir yang dilancarkan selama Perang Kemerdekaan Turki. Operasi ini dilancarkan oleh Angkatan Bersenjata Turki yang setia kepada dan mereka berupaya mengusir pasukan Kerajaan Yunani dari wilayah Anatolia Barat. Untuk itu, Turki berhasil mengumpulkan 104.000 pasukan, dan mereka berhadapan dengan pasukan Yunani yang berjumlah 200.000 orang Serangan ini dimulai pada tanggal 26 Agustus 1922 setelah meletusnya Pertempuran Dumlupınar. Pasukan Turki melaju selama 10 hari (dari tanggal 31 Agustus hingga 9 September) dan melewati jarak sejauh 300 km sembari melawan pasukan Yunani. Pasukan Turki tidak memiliki kendaraan bermotor; pasukannya terdir idari satuan infantri dan kavaleri, dan logistik diperoleh dari gerob (in) La Grande offensiva (in turco Büyük Taarruz; in turco ottomano بیوك تعرض) è stata la più grande e ultima operazione militare della Guerra d'indipendenza turca, combattuta tra le forze armate turche fedeli al governo della Grande Assemblea Nazionale di Turchia, e il Regno di Grecia, ponendo fine alla guerra greco-turca. L'offensiva iniziò il 26 agosto 1922 con la battaglia di Dumlupınar. I turchi ammassarono circa 98.000 uomini, il numero più alto dall'inizio della guerra, per iniziare l'offensiva contro l'esercito greco composto da circa 130.000 uomini. Dal 31 agosto al 9 settembre il fronte si spostò di 300 km (190 mi) mentre le truppe greche si ritiravano. L'esercito turco non disponeva di veicoli a motore e le sue forze erano costituite da unità di fanteria e cavalleria mentre il suppor (it) Het Grote Offensief (Turks: Büyük Taarruz) was de grootste en laatste militaire operatie van de Turkse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog, gevochten tussen de Turkse strijdkrachten loyaal aan het Grote Nationale Assemblee van Turkije en het Koninkrijk van Griekenland, tijdens de Grieks-Turkse Oorlog. Het offensief begon op 26 augustus 1922 met de Slag om Dumlupınar, op 9 september bereikten de Turkse troepen de zee met de bevrijding van İzmir. Het eindigde op 18 september 1922 met de bevrijding van Erdek en Biga. De Turken hadden ongeveer 104.000 man bijeengebracht, het grootste aantal sinds de start van de oorlog, om met het offensief op 26 augustus het van meer dan 200.000 man uit West-Anatolië te verdrijven. Er begon een achtervolging op een 400 kilometer breed front. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Große Offensive (de) Μάχη του Αλή Βεράν (el) Serangan Besar (in) Great Offensive (en) Grande offensiva (it) Grote Offensief (nl) 大攻勢 (zh) |
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| foaf:name | The Great Offensive (en) |
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