Grip (occupation) (original) (raw)
Ce métier du spectacle, ancestral, a évolué au cours des siècles. Au XVIIe siècle, le machiniste est un ingénieur, comme le fut Giacomo Torelli (1608-1678), dont la responsabilité ne se sépare pas de la décoration. Au XIXe siècle, les deux fonctions sont nettement distinguées: le machiniste s'occupe de la machinerie pour équiper et actionner un décor. Appelé « technicien de plateau », il remplit aujourd'hui un rôle nouveau outre les fonctions traditionnelles. De plus, le métier s'est séparé en plusieurs branches, notamment le théâtre et le cinéma.
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| dbo:abstract | Grip ist die Bezeichnung eines filmtechnischen Berufs. Der Grip arbeitet als Teil des Filmstabs beim Kameradepartment, oder, wie es umgangssprachlich heißt, beim Bild. Der Key Grip ist der Chef der Gripcrew; der Bediener des Kamerawagens wird Dolly Grip genannt; beiden untersteht der Grip-Assistent. In Deutschland und Österreich lautet die Berufsbezeichnung Kamerabühne, manchmal auch Drehbühne oder einfach Bühne. Der Chef der Kamerabühnencrew wird Erste Kamerabühne genannt. In der deutschsprachigen Schweiz bezeichnet man den Grip als Maschinist, bzw. in leitender Position als Chefmaschinist. Der Begriff wurde aus der französischsprachigen Schweiz bzw. Frankreich übernommen, wo die Funktion machiniste oder chef machiniste heißt. (de) In the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, grips are camera support equipment technicians in the filmmaking and video production industries. They constitute their own department on a film set and are directed by a key grip. Grips have two main functions: The first is to work closely with the camera department to provide camera support, especially if the camera is mounted to a dolly, crane, or in an unusual position, such as the top of a ladder. Some grips may specialize in operating camera dollies or camera cranes. The second function is to work closely with the electrical department to create lighting set-ups necessary for a shot under the direction of the director of photography. Grips' responsibility is to build and maintain all the equipment that supports cameras. This equipment, which includes tripods, dollies, tracks, jibs, cranes, and static rigs, is constructed of delicate yet heavy duty parts requiring a high level of experience to operate and move. Every scene in a feature film is shot using one or more cameras, each mounted on highly complex, extremely expensive, heavy duty equipment. Grips assemble this equipment according to meticulous specifications and push, pull, mount or hang it from a variety of settings. The equipment can be as basic as a tripod standing on a studio floor, to hazardous operations such as mounting a camera on a 100 ft crane, or hanging it from a helicopter swooping above a mountain range. — Media Match Inc. Good Grips perform a crucial role in ensuring that the artifice of film is maintained, and that camera moves are as seamless as possible. Grips are usually requested by the DoP (Director of Photography) or the camera operator. Although the work is physically demanding and the hours are long, the work can be very rewarding. Many Grips work on both commercials and features. — Media Match Inc. In the UK, Australia and most parts of Europe, grips are not involved in lighting. In the "British System", adopted throughout Europe and the British Commonwealth (excluding Canada), a grip is solely responsible for camera mounting and support. The term "grip" is derived from an older term in U.S. theatre where it designated stagehands who moved scenery. U.S. grips typically belong to the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE). Canadian grips may also belong to IATSE or to Canada's other professional trade unions including Toronto's Nabet 700, or Vancouver's ACFC. British grips usually belong to BECTU (Broadcasting Entertainment Cinematograph & Theatre Union). (en) Ce métier du spectacle, ancestral, a évolué au cours des siècles. Au XVIIe siècle, le machiniste est un ingénieur, comme le fut Giacomo Torelli (1608-1678), dont la responsabilité ne se sépare pas de la décoration. Au XIXe siècle, les deux fonctions sont nettement distinguées: le machiniste s'occupe de la machinerie pour équiper et actionner un décor. Appelé « technicien de plateau », il remplit aujourd'hui un rôle nouveau outre les fonctions traditionnelles. De plus, le métier s'est séparé en plusieurs branches, notamment le théâtre et le cinéma. (fr) Il macchinista è una figura professionale che esercita nell'ambito dello spettacolo, dal teatro al cinema e alla televisione.Il suo lavoro consiste nel costruire, montare, smontare e, dove è necessario, muovere degli elementi scenografici. (it) Maszynista sceny, także: maszynista – pracownik techniczny, specjalista ustawiający i zmieniający dekoracje w teatrze. Do obowiązków maszynisty należy rozładunek, montaż, demontaż dekoracji na scenie, udział w próbach przedstawień, naprawa uszkodzonych elementów, zmiany w ustawieniu scenografii podczas spektaklu. Pracami maszynistów kieruje brygadier sceny. (pl) Passare kallas den person som sköter filmkamerans förflyttning under film- och TV-produktioner, till exempel när kameran är monterad på en kamerakran eller en kameravagn. Vid mindre produktioner har i stället filmfotografen totalansvaret. Passarens assistent kallas på engelska grip best boy. (sv) |
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| rdfs:comment | Ce métier du spectacle, ancestral, a évolué au cours des siècles. Au XVIIe siècle, le machiniste est un ingénieur, comme le fut Giacomo Torelli (1608-1678), dont la responsabilité ne se sépare pas de la décoration. Au XIXe siècle, les deux fonctions sont nettement distinguées: le machiniste s'occupe de la machinerie pour équiper et actionner un décor. Appelé « technicien de plateau », il remplit aujourd'hui un rôle nouveau outre les fonctions traditionnelles. De plus, le métier s'est séparé en plusieurs branches, notamment le théâtre et le cinéma. (fr) Il macchinista è una figura professionale che esercita nell'ambito dello spettacolo, dal teatro al cinema e alla televisione.Il suo lavoro consiste nel costruire, montare, smontare e, dove è necessario, muovere degli elementi scenografici. (it) Maszynista sceny, także: maszynista – pracownik techniczny, specjalista ustawiający i zmieniający dekoracje w teatrze. Do obowiązków maszynisty należy rozładunek, montaż, demontaż dekoracji na scenie, udział w próbach przedstawień, naprawa uszkodzonych elementów, zmiany w ustawieniu scenografii podczas spektaklu. Pracami maszynistów kieruje brygadier sceny. (pl) Passare kallas den person som sköter filmkamerans förflyttning under film- och TV-produktioner, till exempel när kameran är monterad på en kamerakran eller en kameravagn. Vid mindre produktioner har i stället filmfotografen totalansvaret. Passarens assistent kallas på engelska grip best boy. (sv) Grip ist die Bezeichnung eines filmtechnischen Berufs. Der Grip arbeitet als Teil des Filmstabs beim Kameradepartment, oder, wie es umgangssprachlich heißt, beim Bild. Der Key Grip ist der Chef der Gripcrew; der Bediener des Kamerawagens wird Dolly Grip genannt; beiden untersteht der Grip-Assistent. (de) In the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, grips are camera support equipment technicians in the filmmaking and video production industries. They constitute their own department on a film set and are directed by a key grip. Grips have two main functions: The first is to work closely with the camera department to provide camera support, especially if the camera is mounted to a dolly, crane, or in an unusual position, such as the top of a ladder. Some grips may specialize in operating camera dollies or camera cranes. The second function is to work closely with the electrical department to create lighting set-ups necessary for a shot under the direction of the director of photography. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Grip (Filmberuf) (de) Machiniste (spectacle) (fr) Grip (occupation) (en) Macchinista teatrale (it) Maszynista sceny (pl) Passare (TV-produktion) (sv) |
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