Hauling-out (original) (raw)
Hauling-out is a behaviour associated with pinnipeds (true seals, sea lions, fur seals and walruses) temporarily leaving the water. Hauling-out typically occurs between periods of foraging activity. Rather than remain in the water, pinnipeds haul-out onto land or sea-ice for reasons such as reproduction and rest. Hauling-out is necessary in seals for mating (with the exception of the Baikal seal) and giving birth (although a distinction is generally made between reproductive aggregations, termed "rookeries", and non-reproductive aggregations, termed "haul-outs"). Other benefits of hauling-out may include predator avoidance, thermoregulation, social activity, parasite reduction and rest.
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| dbo:abstract | Hauling-out is a behaviour associated with pinnipeds (true seals, sea lions, fur seals and walruses) temporarily leaving the water. Hauling-out typically occurs between periods of foraging activity. Rather than remain in the water, pinnipeds haul-out onto land or sea-ice for reasons such as reproduction and rest. Hauling-out is necessary in seals for mating (with the exception of the Baikal seal) and giving birth (although a distinction is generally made between reproductive aggregations, termed "rookeries", and non-reproductive aggregations, termed "haul-outs"). Other benefits of hauling-out may include predator avoidance, thermoregulation, social activity, parasite reduction and rest. There is much variation in haul-out patterns among different seal species. Haul-out sites may be segregated by age and sex within the same species. Many species of pinniped have only a few localized rookeries where they breed, but periodically occupy hundreds of haul-out sites throughout the range. For example, the Australian fur seals breed on only nine islands in Bass Strait but also occupy up to 50 haul-out sites in south-east Australian waters, and Steller sea lions have around 50 rookeries throughout their range, but several hundred haul-out sites.Hauling-out behaviour provides numerous benefits to pinnipeds besides reproduction. This behaviour has been shown to be used for activities such as thermoregulation, predator avoidance, moulting, nursing, and resting. Haul-out frequency, duration, and site location (i.e. sea-ice, floating-ice, and terrestrial) are all influenced by physical constraints (i.e. air temperature, wind speed, and time of day) and biological constraints (i.e. moulting, age, and sex). Variations in hauling-out behaviour exist among pinnipeds for reasons such as geographical location. (en) Hauling-out – zachowanie płetwonogich (fokowatych, uchatkowatych i morsów) związane z tymczasowym opuszczaniem wody między okresami żerowania i wyleganiem na ląd bądź na lód. Zachowanie to jest niezbędne dla kojarzenia się w pary (wyjątek stanowi foka bajkalska) i wydawania na świat młodych (dla rózróżnienia zgromadzenia w celu rozrodu określa się angielskim terminem "", podczas gdy inne to "haul-outs"). Inne korzyści ze zbierania się na lądzie to unikanie drapieżników, termoregulacja, aktywność społeczna, odpoczynek i zmniejszenie ilości pasożytów. Występuje różnorodność wzorców tego zachowannia wśród różnych gatunków płetwonogich. Miejsca gromadzenia mogą podlegać segregacji wiekowej i płciowej w obrębie tego samego gatunku. Wiele gatunków płetwonogich ma tylko kilka miejsc, gdzie gromadzą się na rozród, ale okresowo zasiedlają setki miejsc haul-out. Dla przykładu uchatka karłowata rozradza się jedynie na 9 wyspach w Cieśninie Bassa, ale zajmuje do 50 miejsc zgromadzeń pośród wód południowego wschodu Australii, a uchatka grzywiasta ma około 50 rookeries oraz kilka setek miejsc haul-outu. (pl) |
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| rdfs:comment | Hauling-out is a behaviour associated with pinnipeds (true seals, sea lions, fur seals and walruses) temporarily leaving the water. Hauling-out typically occurs between periods of foraging activity. Rather than remain in the water, pinnipeds haul-out onto land or sea-ice for reasons such as reproduction and rest. Hauling-out is necessary in seals for mating (with the exception of the Baikal seal) and giving birth (although a distinction is generally made between reproductive aggregations, termed "rookeries", and non-reproductive aggregations, termed "haul-outs"). Other benefits of hauling-out may include predator avoidance, thermoregulation, social activity, parasite reduction and rest. (en) Hauling-out – zachowanie płetwonogich (fokowatych, uchatkowatych i morsów) związane z tymczasowym opuszczaniem wody między okresami żerowania i wyleganiem na ląd bądź na lód. Zachowanie to jest niezbędne dla kojarzenia się w pary (wyjątek stanowi foka bajkalska) i wydawania na świat młodych (dla rózróżnienia zgromadzenia w celu rozrodu określa się angielskim terminem "", podczas gdy inne to "haul-outs"). Inne korzyści ze zbierania się na lądzie to unikanie drapieżników, termoregulacja, aktywność społeczna, odpoczynek i zmniejszenie ilości pasożytów. (pl) |
| rdfs:label | Hauling-out (en) Hauling-out (pl) |
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