Hepatizon (original) (raw)
Hepatizon (Greek etymology: ἧπαρ, English translation: "liver"), also known as black Corinthian bronze, was a highly valuable metal alloy in classical antiquity. It is thought to be an alloy of copper with the addition of a small proportion of gold and silver (perhaps as little as 8% of each), mixed and treated to produce a material with a dark purplish patina, similar to the colour of liver. It is referred to in various ancient texts, but few known examples of hepatizon exist today.
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| dbo:abstract | Hepatizon (Greek etymology: ἧπαρ, English translation: "liver"), also known as black Corinthian bronze, was a highly valuable metal alloy in classical antiquity. It is thought to be an alloy of copper with the addition of a small proportion of gold and silver (perhaps as little as 8% of each), mixed and treated to produce a material with a dark purplish patina, similar to the colour of liver. It is referred to in various ancient texts, but few known examples of hepatizon exist today. Of the known types of bronze or brass in classical antiquity (known in Latin as aes and in Greek as χαλκός), hepatizon was the second most valuable. Pliny the Elder mentions it in his Natural History, stating that it is less valuable than Corinthian bronze, which contained a greater proportion of gold or silver and as a result resembled the precious metals, but was esteemed before bronze from Delos and Aegina. As a result of its dark colour, it was particularly valued for statues. According to Pliny, the method of making it, like that for Corinthian bronze, had been lost for a long time. Similar alloys are found outside Europe. For example, shakudō is a Japanese billon of gold and copper with a characteristic dark blue-purple patina. (en) Hepatizon (etimologia grega: ἧπαρ, tradução: "fígado"), também conhecido como como bronze negro coríntio, era uma liga metálica altamente valorizada na antiguidade clássica. Acredita-se que tenha sido uma liga de cobre com a adição de uma pequena proporção de ouro e prata (talvez no máximo 8% de cada), misturadas e tratadas para produzir um material com pátina arroxeada escura, semelhante à cor do fígado. Há referências ao material em vários textos antigos, mas poucos exemplares de objetos feitos com essa liga são conhecidos na atualidade. Dos tipos conhecidos de bronze ou latão na antiguidade clássica (conhecidos em Latin como aes e em grego como χαλκός), hepatizon era o segundo mais valioso. Plínio, o Veho o menciona em sua História Natural, declarando que este era menos valioso que o bronze coríntio, que possuía proporção maior de ouro e prata e que como consequência disso se assemelhava mais a esses metais preciosos, mas que era mais estimado que o bronze de Delos e de Egina. Como resultado de sua tonalidade escura, era valorizado para a produção de estátuas. De acordo com Plínio, perdera-se o conhecimento há muito do método de sua produção, tal como havia acontecido com o bronze coríntio. Ligas semelhantes são encontradas fora da Europa. Por exemplo, shakudō é um bilhão (liga) japonesa de ouro e cobre com uma pátina característica e escura azul-arroxeada. (pt) Гепатизон (или Черная коринфская бронза) была особенно ценимым металлическим сплавом в классической древности, который, как полагают, состоял из меди и небольшого количества золота и серебра (по оценкам, по 8 % каждого). Впоследствии сплав был патинирован в пурпурно-черный цвет, похожий на цвет печени, отсюда и название гепатизон. Он упоминается во многих древних текстах, включая . Подобные сплавы были также известны древним египтянам, жителям Микен и римлянам и использовались в древней Японии, где они используются по сей день, и в Китае. Переходим теперь к описанию медных рудников, поскольку и в быту медь занимает следующее место по цене — правда, коринфская медь ценится дороже серебра и чуть ли не дороже золота... Естественная история(Плиний Старший) (ru) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T057376 https://books.google.co.uk/books%3Fid=XgshBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14119094.200-secret-of-achilles-shield-the-ancients-loved-black-bronzeso-much-they-made-their-most-valued-treasures-from-it-what-was-the-secretof-the-alloys-success-and-why-did-it-take-modern-metallurgists-so-longtocatch-on-.html |
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| rdfs:comment | Hepatizon (Greek etymology: ἧπαρ, English translation: "liver"), also known as black Corinthian bronze, was a highly valuable metal alloy in classical antiquity. It is thought to be an alloy of copper with the addition of a small proportion of gold and silver (perhaps as little as 8% of each), mixed and treated to produce a material with a dark purplish patina, similar to the colour of liver. It is referred to in various ancient texts, but few known examples of hepatizon exist today. (en) Hepatizon (etimologia grega: ἧπαρ, tradução: "fígado"), também conhecido como como bronze negro coríntio, era uma liga metálica altamente valorizada na antiguidade clássica. Acredita-se que tenha sido uma liga de cobre com a adição de uma pequena proporção de ouro e prata (talvez no máximo 8% de cada), misturadas e tratadas para produzir um material com pátina arroxeada escura, semelhante à cor do fígado. Há referências ao material em vários textos antigos, mas poucos exemplares de objetos feitos com essa liga são conhecidos na atualidade. (pt) Гепатизон (или Черная коринфская бронза) была особенно ценимым металлическим сплавом в классической древности, который, как полагают, состоял из меди и небольшого количества золота и серебра (по оценкам, по 8 % каждого). Впоследствии сплав был патинирован в пурпурно-черный цвет, похожий на цвет печени, отсюда и название гепатизон. Он упоминается во многих древних текстах, включая . Подобные сплавы были также известны древним египтянам, жителям Микен и римлянам и использовались в древней Японии, где они используются по сей день, и в Китае. Естественная история(Плиний Старший) (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Hepatizon (en) Hepatizon (pt) Гепатизон (ru) |
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