History of hypertension (original) (raw)
La historia de la hipertensión es parte de la historia de la medicina en su intento científico de comprender los mecanismos del sistema cardiovascular, la medida de sus valores (presión arterial) y los efectos que produce en la salud. Las evidencias documentales realizadas sobre la hipertensión se remontan al 2600 a. C. e indican que el tratamiento de la denominada «enfermedad del pulso duro» se realizaba mediante técnicas como la acupuntura, la reducción de sangre corporal mediante una flebotomía controlada o el sangrado provocado mediante sanguijuelas. Las bases para la medida objetiva de la tensión arterial se establecieron en los trabajos pioneros de Hales en 1733.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | The modern history of hypertension begins with the understanding of the cardiovascular system based on the work of physician William Harvey (1578–1657), who described the circulation of blood in his book De motu cordis. The English clergyman Stephen Hales made the first published measurement of blood pressure in 1733. Descriptions of what would come to be called hypertension came from, among others, Thomas Young in 1808 and especially Richard Bright in 1836. Bright noted a link between cardiac hypertrophy and kidney disease, and subsequently kidney disease was often termed Bright's disease in this period. In 1850 George Johnson suggested that the thickened blood vessels seen in the kidney in Bright's disease might be an adaptation to elevated blood pressure. William Senhouse Kirkes in 1855 and Ludwig Traube in 1856 also proposed, based on pathological observations, that elevated pressure could account for the association between left ventricular hypertrophy to kidney damage in Bright's disease. Samuel Wilks observed that left ventricular hypertrophy and diseased arteries were not necessarily associated with diseased kidneys, implying that high blood pressure might occur in people with healthy kidneys; however, the first report of elevated blood pressure in a person without evidence of kidney disease was made by Frederick Akbar Mahomed in 1874 using a sphygmograph. The concept of hypertensive disease as a generalized circulatory disease was taken up by Sir Clifford Allbutt, who termed the condition "hyperpiesia". However, hypertension as a medical entity really came into being in 1896 with the invention of the cuff-based sphygmomanometer by Scipione Riva-Rocci in 1896, which allowed blood pressure to be measured in the clinic. In 1905, Nikolai Korotkoff improved the technique by describing the Korotkoff sounds that are heard when the artery is ausculted with a stethoscope while the sphygmomanometer cuff is deflated. Tracking serial blood pressure measurements was further enhanced when Donal Nunn invented an accurate fully automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer device in 1981. The term essential hypertension ('Essentielle Hypertonie') was coined by Eberhard Frank in 1911 to describe elevated blood pressure for which no cause could be found. In 1928, the term malignant hypertension was coined by physicians from the Mayo Clinic to describe a syndrome of very high blood pressure, severe retinopathy and inadequate kidney function which usually resulted in death within a year from strokes, heart failure or kidney failure. A prominent individual with severe hypertension was Franklin D. Roosevelt. However, while the menace of severe or malignant hypertension was well recognised, the risks of more moderate elevations of blood pressure were uncertain and the benefits of treatment doubtful. Consequently, hypertension was often classified into "malignant" and "benign". In 1931, John Hay, Professor of Medicine at Liverpool University, wrote that "there is some truth in the saying that the greatest danger to a man with a high blood pressure lies in its discovery, because then some fool is certain to try and reduce it". This view was echoed in 1937 by US cardiologist Paul Dudley White, who suggested that "hypertension may be an important compensatory mechanism which should not be tampered with, even if we were certain that we could control it". Charles Friedberg's 1949 classic textbook "Diseases of the Heart", stated that "people with 'mild benign' hypertension ... [defined as blood pressures up to levels of 210/100 mm Hg] ... need not be treated". However, the tide of medical opinion was turning: it was increasingly recognised in the 1950s that "benign" hypertension was not harmless. Over the next decade increasing evidence accumulated from actuarial reports and longitudinal studies, such as the Framingham Heart Study, that "benign" hypertension increased death and cardiovascular disease, and that these risks increased in a graded manner with increasing blood pressure across the whole spectrum of population blood pressures. Subsequently, the National Institutes of Health also sponsored other population studies, which additionally showed that African Americans had a higher burden of hypertension and its complications. (en) La historia de la hipertensión es parte de la historia de la medicina en su intento científico de comprender los mecanismos del sistema cardiovascular, la medida de sus valores (presión arterial) y los efectos que produce en la salud. Las evidencias documentales realizadas sobre la hipertensión se remontan al 2600 a. C. e indican que el tratamiento de la denominada «enfermedad del pulso duro» se realizaba mediante técnicas como la acupuntura, la reducción de sangre corporal mediante una flebotomía controlada o el sangrado provocado mediante sanguijuelas. Las bases para la medida objetiva de la tensión arterial se establecieron en los trabajos pioneros de Hales en 1733. La medida de la tensión arterial con carácter clínico no se pudo realizar hasta comienzos del siglo XX, con la invención del esfigmomanómetro y la simple medida indirecta de la tensión arterial a través de la detección de los sonidos de Korotkov mediante un estetoscopio. En las primeras décadas de este siglo fue cuando la hipertensión fue considerada como una enfermedad. Anteriormente era interpretada como una consecuencia del envejecimiento debido en parte a su carácter asintomático en la mayoría de los casos. Llegando a creer la comunidad científica que la hipertensión era un fenómeno favorable ya que mejoraba la circulación. Pronto se pudo comprobar que sus efectos eran nocivos en la población.Fueron investigadores como Edward David Freis los que mostraron la gravedad de la enfermedad. La industria farmacéutica, en los años cuarenta, comienza a investigar medicamentos con los que tratar la hipertensión, ya considerada una enfermedad grave. Ya a mediados del siglo XX se sabía que la restricción dietaria con el objeto de disminuir el peso corporal (si es el caso), junto con la disminución en la ingesta de alcohol y café eran causas de disminución en los niveles diastólicos y sistólicos de la presión arterial.[cita requerida] A pesar de las muchas investigaciones realizadas sobre los mecanismos fisiológicos que provocan la hipertensión, a comienzos del siglo XXI sólo en unos pocos casos se conocen las causas. Se puede controlar los efectos mediante combinaciones de medicamentos, sin embargo las causas de la enfermedad en cada caso clínico, permanece como un misterio.[cita requerida] (es) |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 35958818 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 19845 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1078822955 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Calcium_channel_blockers dbr:Captopril dbc:Hypertension dbr:Angiotensin_converting_enzyme dbr:Angiotensin_receptor_blockers dbr:Beta_blocker dbr:Blood_pressure dbr:Hydralazine dbr:Hydrochlorothiazide dbr:Renin_inhibitors dbr:Reserpine dbr:Richard_Bright_(physician) dbr:United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs dbr:Verapamil dbr:Mayo_Clinic dbr:Essential_hypertension dbr:Clifford_Allbutt dbr:Franklin_D._Roosevelt dbr:Thomas_Young_(scientist) dbr:Angina_pectoris dbr:Leech dbr:Liverpool_University dbr:Stephen_Hales dbr:Stroke dbr:Aulus_Cornelius_Celsus dbr:Barbiturate dbr:Bromide dbr:William_Harvey dbr:Drug_design dbr:Galen dbr:Heart_failure dbr:Lasker-DeBakey_Clinical_Medical_Research_Award dbr:Renin–angiotensin_system dbr:Bright's_disease dbr:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine dbr:Papaverine dbr:Framingham_Heart_Study dbr:Kidney_failure dbr:Korotkoff_sounds dbr:Randomized_controlled_trial dbr:Scipione_Riva-Rocci dbr:Hexamethonium dbr:Hippocrates dbr:Tetramethylammonium_chloride dbc:History_of_medicine dbr:Chlorothiazide dbr:Lasker_Award dbr:Bismuth dbr:Sulfanilamide dbr:Sympathectomy dbr:Diuretics dbr:Sodium_thiocyanate dbr:Frederick_Akbar_Mahomed dbr:National_Institutes_of_Health dbr:World_War_II dbr:Yellow_Emperor dbr:Sympathetic_nervous_system dbr:Sphygmomanometer dbr:Sphygmograph dbr:Paul_Dudley_White dbr:Rice_diet dbr:Malignant_hypertension dbr:Rauvolfia_serpentina dbr:Blood_letting dbr:James_W._Black dbr:Nikolai_Korotkoff |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Reflist |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Hypertension dbc:History_of_medicine |
| rdfs:comment | La historia de la hipertensión es parte de la historia de la medicina en su intento científico de comprender los mecanismos del sistema cardiovascular, la medida de sus valores (presión arterial) y los efectos que produce en la salud. Las evidencias documentales realizadas sobre la hipertensión se remontan al 2600 a. C. e indican que el tratamiento de la denominada «enfermedad del pulso duro» se realizaba mediante técnicas como la acupuntura, la reducción de sangre corporal mediante una flebotomía controlada o el sangrado provocado mediante sanguijuelas. Las bases para la medida objetiva de la tensión arterial se establecieron en los trabajos pioneros de Hales en 1733. (es) The modern history of hypertension begins with the understanding of the cardiovascular system based on the work of physician William Harvey (1578–1657), who described the circulation of blood in his book De motu cordis. The English clergyman Stephen Hales made the first published measurement of blood pressure in 1733. Descriptions of what would come to be called hypertension came from, among others, Thomas Young in 1808 and especially Richard Bright in 1836. Bright noted a link between cardiac hypertrophy and kidney disease, and subsequently kidney disease was often termed Bright's disease in this period. In 1850 George Johnson suggested that the thickened blood vessels seen in the kidney in Bright's disease might be an adaptation to elevated blood pressure. William Senhouse Kirkes in 1855 (en) |
| rdfs:label | Historia de la hipertensión (es) History of hypertension (en) |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:History of hypertension dbpedia-es:History of hypertension dbpedia-hr:History of hypertension https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4utVV |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:History_of_hypertension?oldid=1078822955&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:History_of_hypertension |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:History_of_Hypertension |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Benign_hypertension dbr:History_of_Hypertension |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:History_of_hypertension |