I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson (original) (raw)
Isaac Theophilus Akunna Wallace-Johnson (* 1894; † 10. Mai 1965 in Ghana) war ein sierra-leonischer Gewerkschafter, Journalist, Aktivist und Politiker.
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| dbo:abstract | Isaac Theophilus Akunna Wallace-Johnson (* 1894; † 10. Mai 1965 in Ghana) war ein sierra-leonischer Gewerkschafter, Journalist, Aktivist und Politiker. (de) Isaac Theophilus Akunna Wallace-Johnson (1894 – 10 May 1965) was a Sierra Leonean and British West African workers' leader, journalist, activist and politician. Born into a poor Creole family in British Sierra Leone, he emerged as a natural leader in school. After attending United Methodist Collegiate School for two years, he dropped out and took a job as an officer in the customs department in 1913. He was dismissed for helping organize a labour strike, but later reinstated to his position a year later. After resigning from his job, he enlisted as a clerk with the Carrier Corps during World War I. After being demobilised in 1920, Wallace-Johnson moved from job to job, before settling as a clerk in the Freetown municipal government. He claimed to have exposed a corruption scandal, which resulted in the incarceration of top officials, including the mayor. After being fired from this job in 1926, he left Sierra Leone and became a sailor. He joined a national seamen union and it is believed that he also joined the Communist Party. In 1930, he helped form the first trade union in Nigeria and attended the International Trade Union Conference of Negro Workers in Hamburg, where he established a number of contacts. He published articles and edited the Negro Worker, a journal devoted to uniting black workers around the world. He travelled to Moscow, where he claimed to have attended classes on Marxism-Leninism theory, union organisation and political agitation. Within a few months of returning to Nigeria in 1933, he was deported by authorities for his illicit trade union activities. He travelled to the Gold Coast, where he quickly established himself as a political activist and journalist. An agitator, he managed a fund to finance the appeal of the nine African Americans given the death penalty in the Scottsboro case and also campaigned for legislation on workers' compensation and strict safety regulations after the deadly Prestea mining disaster of June 1934. In his writings during this era, Wallace-Johnson glorified the Communist government of the Soviet Union and expressed his disdain for capitalist societies. Soon, the colonial government passed the Sedition Act, a piece of legislation prohibiting the importation of "seditious" literature, which included works from the Negro Worker. In 1934, Wallace-Johnson became the subject of scathing articles in the Gold Coast Independent, in which he was accused of ruining the political atmosphere in the country. After meeting Nnamdi Azikiwe in 1935, he formed the West African Youth League, an organisation dedicated to obtaining more liberties and privileges for the Gold Coast population. Wallace-Johnson and the WAYL entered the Gold Coast political scene by supporting Kojo Thompson in his successful candidacy in the Legislative Council elections of 1935. During the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, Wallace-Johnson and the WAYL vocalised their harsh sentiments toward European imperialism and helped establish the Ethiopian Defense Fund with the purpose of educating the populaces on matters of national and racial importance. In 1936, Wallace-Johnson was arrested for sedition after publishing an article in the African Morning Post condemning Christianity, European civilisation and imperialism. The colonial governor proposed that he be deported in lieu of being put on trial. After Wallace-Johnson accepted this offer, the governor went back on his word and had the political activist placed on trial in front of the Assize Court. Wallace-Johnson travelled to London to appeal his conviction and to also establish connections for the WAYL. He returned to Sierra Leone in 1938 and established a number of labour unions, a newspaper and a political movement. He significantly raised membership for the WAYL and helped pioneer issue-oriented politics in Sierra Leone. The WAYL became the first political group to make an effort toward including the general population in the electoral process. Wallace-Johnson also campaigned for improved salaries and working conditions for workers, national unity and an increased civic role for women. Through the WAYL newspaper, the African Standard, he published a number of articles highly critical of top government officials. He was arrested on 1 September 1939 under the Emergency Act adopted at the start of World War II earlier that day. Wallace-Johnson was put on trial without a jury (who would have been sympathetic to his cause, as had been seen in previous cases against him) and received a 12-month prison sentence. He was held at Sherbro Island before being released in 1944. He returned to political activism, but found the WAYL in a state of disarray. He merged the league into the National Council of Sierra Leone and formed his own political parties during the 1950s, embracing Pan-Africanism and distancing himself from his earlier radicalism. He served as a delegate for Sierra Leone during independence talks in London in 1960. He died in a car crash in Ghana in May 1965. (en) アイザック・テオフィルス・アクナ（I・T・A）・ウォレス＝ジョンソン（Issac Theophilus Akuna Wallace-Johnson, 1894年/1895年 - 1965年5月10日）は西アフリカのシエラレオネ出身のジャーナリスト/政治家。（後のガーナ、シエラレオネとナイジェリア）で初めて労働組合を組織し、民族主義のリーダー的存在だった。 (ja) |
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| dbp:birthDate | 1894 (xsd:integer) |
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| dbp:caption | Statue of I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson in Sierra Leone (en) |
| dbp:deathDate | 1965-05-10 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:deathPlace | Ghana (en) |
| dbp:name | Isaac Theophilus Akunna Wallace-Johnson (en) |
| dbp:nationality | Sierra Leone (en) |
| dbp:occupation | Trade unionist, journalist, activist, and politician (en) |
| dbp:otherparty | United People's Party, United Sierra Leone Progressive Party (en) |
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| dbp:quote | And gather from where another had sown. (en) And grab for my pocket from wherever I may. (en) And pay the Producer the price of a slave. (en) I cheat and extort throughout the long day, (en) I employ the Worker at a miserable wage, (en) I extort from the poor and pilfer his food. (en) I reap where I sow not, nor ever had strewn, (en) The Producer as well is only a fool. (en) The Worker, as well, is just but a tool, (en) I am a fraud! I swindle the people and steal all their good. (en) I look at the beggar, with an eye, – just "a fun." (en) |
| dbp:source | The Declaration of Capitalism by I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Isaac Theophilus Akunna Wallace-Johnson (* 1894; † 10. Mai 1965 in Ghana) war ein sierra-leonischer Gewerkschafter, Journalist, Aktivist und Politiker. (de) アイザック・テオフィルス・アクナ（I・T・A）・ウォレス＝ジョンソン（Issac Theophilus Akuna Wallace-Johnson, 1894年/1895年 - 1965年5月10日）は西アフリカのシエラレオネ出身のジャーナリスト/政治家。（後のガーナ、シエラレオネとナイジェリア）で初めて労働組合を組織し、民族主義のリーダー的存在だった。 (ja) Isaac Theophilus Akunna Wallace-Johnson (1894 – 10 May 1965) was a Sierra Leonean and British West African workers' leader, journalist, activist and politician. Born into a poor Creole family in British Sierra Leone, he emerged as a natural leader in school. After attending United Methodist Collegiate School for two years, he dropped out and took a job as an officer in the customs department in 1913. He was dismissed for helping organize a labour strike, but later reinstated to his position a year later. After resigning from his job, he enlisted as a clerk with the Carrier Corps during World War I. After being demobilised in 1920, Wallace-Johnson moved from job to job, before settling as a clerk in the Freetown municipal government. He claimed to have exposed a corruption scandal, which re (en) |
| rdfs:label | Isaac Wallace-Johnson (de) I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson (en) ウォレス＝ジョンソン (ja) |
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