Imprinted brain hypothesis (original) (raw)
The imprinted brain hypothesis is an unsubstantiated hypothesis in evolutionary psychology regarding the causes of autism spectrum and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, first presented by Bernard Crespi and Christopher Badcock in 2008. It claims that certain autistic and schizotypal traits are opposites, and that this implies the etiology of the two conditions must be at odds.
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| dbo:abstract | The imprinted brain hypothesis is an unsubstantiated hypothesis in evolutionary psychology regarding the causes of autism spectrum and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, first presented by Bernard Crespi and Christopher Badcock in 2008. It claims that certain autistic and schizotypal traits are opposites, and that this implies the etiology of the two conditions must be at odds. The imprinted brain hypothesis is based around genomic imprinting, an epigenetic process through which genes are expressed differently by way of one parent's contribution having more effect than the other. Specifically, proponents of the imprinted brain hypothesis propose that autism spectrum disorders are caused by paternal overimprinting, while schizophrenia spectrum disorders are caused by maternal overimprinting; they point to a number of supposed correlations and anticorrelations seen between the disorders and other traits to support the hypothesis. While the hypothesis has found some attention in popular science, it lacks scientific backing. It has also been attacked as unfalsifiable, exaggerated, and overly broad. Specific issues for the hypothesis include that the predictions it makes about genetic disorders are falsified, that the effects of the two disorders on empathy and mentalizing are contrary to Crespi and Badcock's model, and that many neuroimaging findings fail to support the hypothesis. (en) Imprinted brain hypothesis adalah hipotesis yang tidak berdasar dalam psikologi evolusioner mengenai penyebab spektrum autisme dan gangguan spektrum skizofrenia. Hipotesis ini pertama kali dikemukakan oleh Bernard Crespi dan Christopher Badcock pada tahun 2008. Dalam hipotesis ini, kedua orang tersebut mengklaim bahwa ciri-ciri autis dan penderita skizofrenia adalah berlawanan dan ini menyiratkan bahwa etiologi dari kedua kondisi tersebut haruslah bertentangan. Imprinted brain hypothesis didasarkan pada perakaman genomik, yaitu sebuah proses epigenetik di mana gen diekspresikan secara berbeda melalui kontribusi satu orang tua yang lebih dominan daripada yang lain. Secara khusus, para pendukung imprinted brain hypothesis mengusulkan bahwa gangguan spektrum autisme disebabkan oleh dominasi perakaman dari ayah, sedangkan gangguan spektrum skizofrenia disebabkan oleh dominasi perakaman dari ibu. Mereka menggunakan sejumlah korelasi dan antikorelasi yang terlihat antara gangguan tersebut dan ciri-ciri lain untuk mendukung hipotesis. Hipotesis ini pada dasarnya tidak memiliki dukungan ilmiah sama sekali, meski hipotesis ini telah mendapatkan beberapa perhatian dalam sains populer. Hipotesis ini juga sering dibantah karena tidak dapat difalsifikasi, dan dilebih-lebihkan, serta terlalu luas. Masalah khusus untuk hipotesis ini termasuk bahwa prediksi yang dibuat tentang kelainan genetik telah dibuktikan keliru karena efek dari dua kelainan tersebut dalam hal empati dan mentalisasi pada nyatanya bertentangan dengan model yang diusulkan oelh Crespi dan Badcock, dan banyak temuan neuroimaging yang gagal mendukung hipotesis. (in) |
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| dbp:alt | Bernard Crespi , a man with short grey hair in a grey shirt seen from behind, points at a computer screen with a pen. The screen appears to be showing an image of a genome being analyzed. (en) |
| dbp:caption | Bernard Crespi, the primary originator of the hypothesis, in 2016 (en) |
| dbp:claims | Autism and schizophrenia are genetic opposites via parental genomic imprinting (en) |
| dbp:name | Imprinted brain hypothesis (en) |
| dbp:note | dbr:Hypothesis |
| dbp:origprop | dbr:Christopher_Badcock dbr:Bernard_Crespi |
| dbp:origyear | 2008 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:topics | dbr:Schizophrenia dbr:Developmental_disability dbr:Autism dbr:Evolutionary_psychology |
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| rdfs:comment | The imprinted brain hypothesis is an unsubstantiated hypothesis in evolutionary psychology regarding the causes of autism spectrum and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, first presented by Bernard Crespi and Christopher Badcock in 2008. It claims that certain autistic and schizotypal traits are opposites, and that this implies the etiology of the two conditions must be at odds. (en) Imprinted brain hypothesis adalah hipotesis yang tidak berdasar dalam psikologi evolusioner mengenai penyebab spektrum autisme dan gangguan spektrum skizofrenia. Hipotesis ini pertama kali dikemukakan oleh Bernard Crespi dan Christopher Badcock pada tahun 2008. Dalam hipotesis ini, kedua orang tersebut mengklaim bahwa ciri-ciri autis dan penderita skizofrenia adalah berlawanan dan ini menyiratkan bahwa etiologi dari kedua kondisi tersebut haruslah bertentangan. (in) |
| rdfs:label | Imprinted brain hypothesis (in) Imprinted brain hypothesis (en) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Sexual_conflict |
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