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An independent bookstore is a retail bookstore which is independently owned. Usually, independent stores consist of only a single actual store (although there are some multi-store independents). They may be structured as sole proprietorships, closely held corporations or partnerships, cooperatives, or nonprofits. Independent stores can be contrasted with chain bookstores, which have many locations and are owned by large corporations, which often have other divisions besides bookselling. (en) Toko buku independen adalah toko buku ritel yang dimiliki secara . Biasanya, toko-toko independen hanya terdiri dari satu toko yang sebenarnya (meskipun ada beberapa toko independen yang memiliki beberapa cabang). Mereka dapat dimiliki secara perseorangan, perusahaan yang dipegang erat atau kemitraan (yaitu sejumlah kecil pemegang saham atau mitra), koperasi, atau lembaga nirlaba. Toko-toko independen dapat dibandingkan dengan rantai toko-toko buku besar, yang memiliki banyak lokasi dan dimiliki oleh perusahaan-perusahaan besar yang sering memiliki divisi lain selain penjualan buku. (in) 獨立書店（independent bookstore）一詞通常用於一間主要以當地人擁有、經營的書店。這種書店可以構建為獨資企業、少數人公司或合作夥伴（即少數股東或合作夥伴）、合作社或非營利組織。這種書店可與當地社區有緊密的結合，並可經常和非營利社群活動接觸，而且可幫助培養年輕作家。獨立書店的書的選擇往往較連鎖書店的選書較為深奧或偏向非主流市場，所以獨立書店有部份的書是創作者個人出版的書。獨立書店可以是的相反詞。 在Amazon.com等網路書店、連鎖書店、出版商的競爭之下，在過去的十年中，已經有數以千計的獨立書店因為財務的問題，面臨倒闭的命運，其中不乏高知名度的獨立書店（例如美國加州舊金山柏克萊電報街的）。在某些例子中，有社群團體發起保留面臨關店壓力的獨立書店的活動。 (zh) |
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https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/why-independent-bookstores-haved-thrived-in-spite-of-amazon-com http://ioba.org http://www.bookweb.org/ |
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An independent bookstore is a retail bookstore which is independently owned. Usually, independent stores consist of only a single actual store (although there are some multi-store independents). They may be structured as sole proprietorships, closely held corporations or partnerships, cooperatives, or nonprofits. Independent stores can be contrasted with chain bookstores, which have many locations and are owned by large corporations, which often have other divisions besides bookselling. (en) Toko buku independen adalah toko buku ritel yang dimiliki secara . Biasanya, toko-toko independen hanya terdiri dari satu toko yang sebenarnya (meskipun ada beberapa toko independen yang memiliki beberapa cabang). Mereka dapat dimiliki secara perseorangan, perusahaan yang dipegang erat atau kemitraan (yaitu sejumlah kecil pemegang saham atau mitra), koperasi, atau lembaga nirlaba. Toko-toko independen dapat dibandingkan dengan rantai toko-toko buku besar, yang memiliki banyak lokasi dan dimiliki oleh perusahaan-perusahaan besar yang sering memiliki divisi lain selain penjualan buku. (in) 獨立書店（independent bookstore）一詞通常用於一間主要以當地人擁有、經營的書店。這種書店可以構建為獨資企業、少數人公司或合作夥伴（即少數股東或合作夥伴）、合作社或非營利組織。這種書店可與當地社區有緊密的結合，並可經常和非營利社群活動接觸，而且可幫助培養年輕作家。獨立書店的書的選擇往往較連鎖書店的選書較為深奧或偏向非主流市場，所以獨立書店有部份的書是創作者個人出版的書。獨立書店可以是的相反詞。 在Amazon.com等網路書店、連鎖書店、出版商的競爭之下，在過去的十年中，已經有數以千計的獨立書店因為財務的問題，面臨倒闭的命運，其中不乏高知名度的獨立書店（例如美國加州舊金山柏克萊電報街的）。在某些例子中，有社群團體發起保留面臨關店壓力的獨立書店的活動。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label |
Independent bookstore (en) Toko buku independen (in) 독립서점 (ko) 獨立書店 (zh) |
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