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The Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley–Minto or Minto–Morley Reforms, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that brought about a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India. Named after Viceroy Lord Minto and Secretary of State John Morley, the act introduced elections to legislative councils and admitted Indians to councils of the Secretary of State for India, the viceroy, and to the executive councils of Bombay and Madras states. Muslims were granted separate electorates according to the demands of the Muslim League. (en) L'Indian Councils Act 1909, communément appelé réforme Morley-Minto, est une loi adoptée par le Parlement du Royaume-Uni à propos de l'administration du Raj britannique. Elle vise à permettre une légère participation des Indiens à la vie politique de la colonie britannique. En effet, l'acte permet l'élection directe par le peuple de représentants Indiens, parmi lesquels des sièges réservés à la minorité musulmane, aux conseil impérial et assemblées locales. L'acte législatif porte ce nom car il a été adopté par le gouverneur général des Indes Lord Minto et le secrétaire d'État à l'Inde John Morley. (fr) Indian Councils Act 1909, även känd under namnet Morley-Mintoreformen, var en brittisk lag stiftad 1909 att gälla som regeringsform för Brittiska Indien. Den utformades för att ge infödda indier vidgade funktioner i central och regional förvaltning i landet. I och med denna lag kom de infödda att väljas, inte utses, till de lagstiftande råd som fanns i Indien. Fortfarande kom dock utsedda brittiska ämbetsmän under ledning av vicekungen att ha politisk kontroll över Indien. Även om rösträtten i och med lagen var begränsad till de besuttna klasserna i Indien, var det en milsten i Indiens politiska historia. Nu fanns en legitimerad opposition till de brittiska ämbetsmännen, och efterhand kunde rösträtten på lokal nivå utan större åthävor utvidgas till större grupper. (sv) 莫莱-明托改革（Morley-Minto Reforms, Government of India Act 1909）即“1909年印度政府法案”，因由当时印度事务大臣、自由党政治家约翰·莫莱和时任总督明托伯爵共同起草而得名。这项法案只讓印度人進入立法與行政機構，並沒有满足印度国大党提出的“在英国殖民地建立自治政府”的要求。英國在1919年的蒙太古-切姆斯福德改革和做出更多讓步。 (zh) |
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The Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley–Minto or Minto–Morley Reforms, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that brought about a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India. Named after Viceroy Lord Minto and Secretary of State John Morley, the act introduced elections to legislative councils and admitted Indians to councils of the Secretary of State for India, the viceroy, and to the executive councils of Bombay and Madras states. Muslims were granted separate electorates according to the demands of the Muslim League. (en) 莫莱-明托改革（Morley-Minto Reforms, Government of India Act 1909）即“1909年印度政府法案”，因由当时印度事务大臣、自由党政治家约翰·莫莱和时任总督明托伯爵共同起草而得名。这项法案只讓印度人進入立法與行政機構，並沒有满足印度国大党提出的“在英国殖民地建立自治政府”的要求。英國在1919年的蒙太古-切姆斯福德改革和做出更多讓步。 (zh) L'Indian Councils Act 1909, communément appelé réforme Morley-Minto, est une loi adoptée par le Parlement du Royaume-Uni à propos de l'administration du Raj britannique. Elle vise à permettre une légère participation des Indiens à la vie politique de la colonie britannique. En effet, l'acte permet l'élection directe par le peuple de représentants Indiens, parmi lesquels des sièges réservés à la minorité musulmane, aux conseil impérial et assemblées locales. (fr) Indian Councils Act 1909, även känd under namnet Morley-Mintoreformen, var en brittisk lag stiftad 1909 att gälla som regeringsform för Brittiska Indien. Den utformades för att ge infödda indier vidgade funktioner i central och regional förvaltning i landet. I och med denna lag kom de infödda att väljas, inte utses, till de lagstiftande råd som fanns i Indien. Fortfarande kom dock utsedda brittiska ämbetsmän under ledning av vicekungen att ha politisk kontroll över Indien. (sv) |
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