Jānis Balodis (original) (raw)
Jānis Balodis (* 20. Februar 1881 in der Gemeinde (bei Mūrmuiža); † 8. August 1965 in Saulkrasti, Lettische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik) war ein lettischer Militär und Politiker. Er spielte eine wichtige Rolle beim lettischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg und war später Kriegsminister.
.png?width=300)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | Jānis Balodis , va ser un polític i general de l'exèrcit letó, figura principal a la fundació del govern de la independència de Letònia. Abans de la independència, va servir a l'Exèrcit Imperial Rus fins a la seva captura pels alemanys el 1915. Balodis va ser comandant en cap de l'exèrcit durant la Guerra de la Independència de Letònia. Després va tenir el càrrec de ministre de guerra des de 1931 fins a l'ocupació soviètica de Letònia el 1940. Posteriorment va ser detingut per les autoritats soviètiques i deportat a Sibèria, i solament se'l va permetre tornar a Letònia el 1956. Balodis és un dels militars letons que li va ser concedida les condecoració de l'Orde de Lāčplēsis de segona i tercera classe. (ca) Jānis Balodis (* 20. Februar 1881 in der Gemeinde (bei Mūrmuiža); † 8. August 1965 in Saulkrasti, Lettische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik) war ein lettischer Militär und Politiker. Er spielte eine wichtige Rolle beim lettischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg und war später Kriegsminister. (de) Jānis Balodis (20 February 1881 – 8 August 1965) was an army general, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Latvia (1919–1921), Minister of War (1931–1940) and politician who was one of the principal figures during the Latvian War of Independence and the dictatorship of Kārlis Ulmanis, when he officially was the number two of the regime as the Minister of War, Deputy Prime Minister and Vice President. Jānis Balodis father was historian and teacher Voldemārs Balodis. In 1898 he joined the Imperial Russian Army and served in Kaunas. From 1900 until 1902 he studied at the Vilnius War School. From November 1904 until July 1905 he participated in the Russo–Japanese War and was seriously wounded in the arm. From 1906 until 1914 Balodis served in Vilnius. At the beginning of World War I he was lightly wounded during the battles in East Prussia, for which he received a number of decorations. On 20 February 1915, while recuperating in hospital, he was captured by the German Army and spent the rest of the war in a POW camp in Silesia. Balodis returned to Latvia immediately after the end of World War I in November 1918, and joined the first armed units of the newly established Republic of Latvia on 18 December 1918. When Riga was threatened by the advancing Red Army, Balodis retreated from Riga together with the army and the government on 3 January 1919. On 26 February 1919 he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant colonel. After the death of Oskars Kalpaks on 6 March 1919 he was further promoted to the rank of Colonel and took control of the few Latvian soldiers in Courland. During the spring of 1919, after a string of victories over the Red Army, Balodis was given command over larger units and eventually over the Southern Group of the armed forces. In this role he was forced into an uneasy alliance with German troops. [citation for ”forced” and “uneasy”?] In the second half of 1919 Balodis led the 1st Courland division in battles against the Red Army in Latgale. During the panic that followed the sudden attack of West Russian Volunteer Army (Bermontians), Balodis was appointed the Commander-in-Chief on 16 October 1919. After the victory over the Bermontians, Balodis was promoted to General on 23 January 1920. After the conclusion of the Latvian War of Independence, the post of Commander-in-Chief was abolished in February 1921 and in July of the same year Balodis asked to be discharged from the army. By a special law of the Saeima he was presented with 100 hectares of land and a manor house. He joined the Latvian Farmers Union, the largest party at the time which was led by Kārlis Ulmanis. Balodis was elected to the Saeima in 1925, but played only a secondary role in politics. On 7 December 1931 he became Minister of War, a post he held until 5 April 1940. Beginning in July 1933 Balodis held frequent talks with Kārlis Ulmanis about the need for the end of the multi-party system in Latvia. As Minister of War he played a crucial role in organizing the Latvian coup d'état on 15 May 1934, and together with Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis was one of two signatories of the proclamation by which martial law was declared and the Saeima dissolved. During the following years of authoritarian, corporatist rule, Balodis could always be found next to Ulmanis, creating a perception of duumvirate, while in reality his role was limited to the military matters. On 12 March 1936 he became Vice President, and on 11 February 1938 Deputy Prime Minister. After the signing of the Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty on 5 October 1939, Latvia became a virtual protectorate of the Soviet Union without a shot being fired. Tensions within the ruling circles increased to the point where on 5 April 1940 Balodis was relieved of all his posts without a clear official explanation. Shortly after the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 Balodis was arrested on 31 July 1940 together with his wife and deported to Syzran, where they were kept under house arrest. After the start of German–Soviet war in 1941 they were deported to Kuibishev. Only in 1952, he was formally tried and sentenced to a prison sentence of 25 years to be served in a jail in Vladimir. With the beginning of the de-Stalinization in 1956 he was released and allowed to return to Latvia. He and his wife received a small apartment in Riga and spent some time living in a summer house in Saulkrasti. In early August 1965 his health failed and he died on 8 August. General Balodis was buried in Riga. His widow managed to install a tombstone with a sword and the inscription "General Balodis" which was removed by KGB. (en) Jānis Balodis, né à Trikāta en 1881 et décédé à Saulkrasti en 1965, est un général et homme d'État letton, l'une des figures principales de la première période d'indépendance de la République lettonne. (fr) Jānis Balodis è stato un generale e politico lettone, comandante in capo delle forze armate lettoni nel corso della guerra d'indipendenza lettone e ministro della difesa della Lettonia dal 1931 al 1940. Nel 1934 Balodis appoggiò il colpo di stato portato avanti dal primo ministro Kārlis Ulmanis, e in seguito fu un pilastro del regime autoritario istituito da quest'ultimo sulla Lettonia ricoprendo le cariche di vice presidente e vice primo ministro. (it) Jānis Balodis (ur. 20 lutego 1881 w okręgu Trikāta, zm. 8 sierpnia 1965 w Saulkrasti) – łotewski generał i polityk. (pl) Jānis Balodis, född 1881, död 1965, var en lettisk militär och politiker; vicepresident 1936. Han var bror till Francis Balodis. Balodis deltog som rysk militär i rysk-japanska kriget och i första världskriget och föll 1915 i tysk fångenskap. Han återvände till Lettland 1918 deltog han i den lettiska frihetskampen och var i dess slutskede från oktober 1919 överbefälhavare över lettiska armén. År 1920 befordrades Balodis till general och lämnade den aktiva tjänsten. Därefter var han politiskt aktiv inom agrarpartiet, invaldes 1925 i parlamentet och var krisgsminister 1931–1940. Balodis bidrog till statskuppen 1934 och var från dess Kārlis Ulmanis närmaste man och utsågs 1936 till hans ställföreträdare. Han deporterades till Sibirien i dåvarande Sovjetunionen 1940, varifrån han frigavs och återvände till Lettland 1956. (sv) Янис Балодис (Иван Петрович Балодис, латыш. Jānis Balodis; 20 февраля 1881 года — 8 августа 1965 года, Саулкрасты) — генерал, главнокомандующий армией Латвии (1919—1921), затем с 1931 года до 1940 года — военный министр Латвии. (ru) Яніс Балодіс (латис. Jānis Balodis; 20 лютого 1881 — 8 серпня 1965, Саулкрасти) — латвійський політик та військовий діяч. Головнокомандувач армією Латвії (1919—1921), Міністр оборони Латвії (1931 до 1940). Почесний голова організації латвійських націоналістів Айзсарги. Кавалер найвищих державних орденів Російської імперії, Латвії, Естонії, Фінляндії, Литви, Франції, Великої Британії, Італії, Польщі. Жертва сталінського терору. (uk) |
| dbo:allegiance | (1898–1917) (1918–1921) |
| dbo:award | dbr:Order_of_Lāčplēsis |
| dbo:battle | dbr:Russo-Japanese_War dbr:First_World_War dbr:Latvian_War_of_Independence |
| dbo:militaryBranch | dbr:Imperial_Russian_Army dbr:Latvian_Army |
| dbo:restingPlace | dbr:Riga |
| dbo:serviceEndYear | 1921-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:serviceStartYear | 1898-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Gen._Janis_Balodis_(M...r_of_Defence_of_Latvia).png?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://latvians.com/en/Reading/TheseNamesAccuse/ThNA-12-Appendix-5.php http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9012043/Janis-Balodis http://www.generals.dk/general/Balodis/J%C4%81nis/Latvia.html |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 11848940 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 9009 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1069450323 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Saulkrasti dbr:Order_of_St._Vladimir dbr:1934_Latvian_coup_d'état dbc:Latvian_generals dbr:Riga dbr:Vilnius dbr:Virtuti_Militari dbr:De-Stalinization dbc:People_from_Valmiera_Municipality dbr:Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George dbr:Lieutenant_colonel dbr:Order_of_St._Anna dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus_(Russian),_2nd_class dbr:Colonel dbr:Courland dbr:Cross_of_Liberty_(Estonia) dbr:Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914) dbr:Russo-Japanese_War dbr:Saeima dbc:People_from_Kreis_Walk dbr:General dbr:German_Army_(German_Empire) dbr:Governorate_of_Livonia dbc:Deputies_of_the_4th_Saeima dbr:Legion_of_Honour dbr:Silesia dbr:Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940 dbc:1881_births dbc:1965_deaths dbc:Prisoners_and_detainees_of_the_Soviet_Union dbr:West_Russian_Volunteer_Army dbr:Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus_(Imperial_House_of_Romanov) dbr:First_World_War dbr:Oskars_Kalpaks dbr:POW dbr:List_of_Latvian_Army_generals dbc:Vice_presidents_of_Latvia dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Lāčplēsis,_2nd_class dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_St._Anna,_2nd_class dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_St._Vladimir,_4th_class dbc:Russian_military_personnel_of_World_War_I dbc:Deputies_of_the_2nd_Saeima dbc:Deputies_of_the_3rd_Saeima dbc:Latvian_Farmers'_Union_politicians dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Lāčplēsis,_1st_class dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_the_Three_Stars dbc:World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_held_by_Germany dbc:Imperial_Russian_Army_officers dbc:Inmates_of_Vladimir_Central_Prison dbc:Latvian_military_personnel_of_the_Latvian_War_of_Independence dbr:KGB dbr:Kaunas dbr:Kārlis_Ulmanis dbr:Latgale dbr:Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic dbr:Latvian_War_of_Independence dbr:Syzran dbc:Ministers_of_Defence_of_Latvia dbr:Soviet_Union dbr:Freikorps_in_the_Baltic dbr:Imperial_Russian_Army dbr:Kreis_Walk dbr:Order_of_Lāčplēsis dbr:Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus dbr:Order_of_Viesturs dbr:Order_of_Vytautas_the_Great dbr:Order_of_the_Cross_of_the_Eagle dbr:Order_of_the_Three_Stars dbr:Order_of_the_White_Rose_of_Finland dbr:Red_Army dbr:World_War_I dbr:Martial_law dbr:Soviet–Latvian_Mutual_Assistance_Treaty dbr:Trikāta_Parish dbr:Duumvirate dbr:Multi-party_system dbr:Republic_of_Latvia dbr:Russo–Japanese_War dbr:Kuibishev dbr:Vilnius_War_School dbr:Latvian_Army dbr:Aizsargi_Cross_of_Merit |
| dbp:awards | dbr:Order_of_Lāčplēsis |
| dbp:battles | dbr:Russo-Japanese_War dbr:First_World_War dbr:Latvian_War_of_Independence |
| dbp:birthDate | 1881-02-20 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:birthPlace | dbr:Governorate_of_Livonia dbr:Kreis_Walk dbr:Trikāta_Parish |
| dbp:branch | dbr:Imperial_Russian_Army dbr:Latvian_Army |
| dbp:caption | Jānis Balodis (en) |
| dbp:deathDate | 1965-08-08 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:deathPlace | dbr:Saulkrasti dbr:Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic dbr:Soviet_Union |
| dbp:imageSize | 175 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:name | Jānis Balodis (en) |
| dbp:placeofburial | dbr:Riga |
| dbp:rank | dbr:General |
| dbp:serviceyears | 1898 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Authority_control dbt:Birth_date dbt:Flag dbt:More_footnotes dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Death_date_and_age dbt:Infobox_military_person |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Latvian_generals dbc:People_from_Valmiera_Municipality dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus_(Russian),_2nd_class dbc:People_from_Kreis_Walk dbc:Deputies_of_the_4th_Saeima dbc:1881_births dbc:1965_deaths dbc:Prisoners_and_detainees_of_the_Soviet_Union dbc:Vice_presidents_of_Latvia dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Lāčplēsis,_2nd_class dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_St._Anna,_2nd_class dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_St._Vladimir,_4th_class dbc:Russian_military_personnel_of_World_War_I dbc:Deputies_of_the_2nd_Saeima dbc:Deputies_of_the_3rd_Saeima dbc:Latvian_Farmers'_Union_politicians dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Lāčplēsis,_1st_class dbc:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_the_Three_Stars dbc:World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_held_by_Germany dbc:Imperial_Russian_Army_officers dbc:Inmates_of_Vladimir_Central_Prison dbc:Latvian_military_personnel_of_the_Latvian_War_of_Independence dbc:Ministers_of_Defence_of_Latvia |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Chief |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing foaf:Person dbo:Person dul:NaturalPerson wikidata:Q19088 wikidata:Q215627 wikidata:Q5 wikidata:Q729 dbo:Animal dbo:Eukaryote dbo:Species schema:Person yago:WikicatLatvianFarmers'UnionPoliticians yago:WikicatLatvianPeople yago:WikicatLatvianPoliticians yago:WikicatMinistersOfDefenceOfLatvia yago:WikicatPeopleFromBeverīnaMunicipality dbo:MilitaryPerson yago:Administrator109770949 yago:CausalAgent100007347 yago:Defender109614684 yago:Deputy110005548 yago:Executive110069645 yago:Head110162991 yago:Lawman110249459 yago:Leader109623038 yago:LivingThing100004258 yago:Minister110320863 yago:Object100002684 yago:Organism100004475 yago:Person100007846 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Politician110450303 yago:Preserver110466918 yago:YagoLegalActor yago:YagoLegalActorGeo yago:Whole100003553 yago:WikicatDeputiesOfTheSaeima yago:WikicatPeopleOfWorldWarI |
| rdfs:comment | Jānis Balodis (* 20. Februar 1881 in der Gemeinde (bei Mūrmuiža); † 8. August 1965 in Saulkrasti, Lettische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik) war ein lettischer Militär und Politiker. Er spielte eine wichtige Rolle beim lettischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg und war später Kriegsminister. (de) Jānis Balodis, né à Trikāta en 1881 et décédé à Saulkrasti en 1965, est un général et homme d'État letton, l'une des figures principales de la première période d'indépendance de la République lettonne. (fr) Jānis Balodis è stato un generale e politico lettone, comandante in capo delle forze armate lettoni nel corso della guerra d'indipendenza lettone e ministro della difesa della Lettonia dal 1931 al 1940. Nel 1934 Balodis appoggiò il colpo di stato portato avanti dal primo ministro Kārlis Ulmanis, e in seguito fu un pilastro del regime autoritario istituito da quest'ultimo sulla Lettonia ricoprendo le cariche di vice presidente e vice primo ministro. (it) Jānis Balodis (ur. 20 lutego 1881 w okręgu Trikāta, zm. 8 sierpnia 1965 w Saulkrasti) – łotewski generał i polityk. (pl) Янис Балодис (Иван Петрович Балодис, латыш. Jānis Balodis; 20 февраля 1881 года — 8 августа 1965 года, Саулкрасты) — генерал, главнокомандующий армией Латвии (1919—1921), затем с 1931 года до 1940 года — военный министр Латвии. (ru) Яніс Балодіс (латис. Jānis Balodis; 20 лютого 1881 — 8 серпня 1965, Саулкрасти) — латвійський політик та військовий діяч. Головнокомандувач армією Латвії (1919—1921), Міністр оборони Латвії (1931 до 1940). Почесний голова організації латвійських націоналістів Айзсарги. Кавалер найвищих державних орденів Російської імперії, Латвії, Естонії, Фінляндії, Литви, Франції, Великої Британії, Італії, Польщі. Жертва сталінського терору. (uk) Jānis Balodis , va ser un polític i general de l'exèrcit letó, figura principal a la fundació del govern de la independència de Letònia. Abans de la independència, va servir a l'Exèrcit Imperial Rus fins a la seva captura pels alemanys el 1915. Balodis és un dels militars letons que li va ser concedida les condecoració de l'Orde de Lāčplēsis de segona i tercera classe. (ca) Jānis Balodis (20 February 1881 – 8 August 1965) was an army general, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Latvia (1919–1921), Minister of War (1931–1940) and politician who was one of the principal figures during the Latvian War of Independence and the dictatorship of Kārlis Ulmanis, when he officially was the number two of the regime as the Minister of War, Deputy Prime Minister and Vice President. (en) Jānis Balodis, född 1881, död 1965, var en lettisk militär och politiker; vicepresident 1936. Han var bror till Francis Balodis. Balodis deltog som rysk militär i rysk-japanska kriget och i första världskriget och föll 1915 i tysk fångenskap. Han återvände till Lettland 1918 deltog han i den lettiska frihetskampen och var i dess slutskede från oktober 1919 överbefälhavare över lettiska armén. År 1920 befordrades Balodis till general och lämnade den aktiva tjänsten. Därefter var han politiskt aktiv inom agrarpartiet, invaldes 1925 i parlamentet och var krisgsminister 1931–1940. Balodis bidrog till statskuppen 1934 och var från dess Kārlis Ulmanis närmaste man och utsågs 1936 till hans ställföreträdare. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Jānis Balodis (en) Jānis Balodis (ca) Jānis Balodis (de) Jānis Balodis (fr) Jānis Balodis (it) Jānis Balodis (pl) Балодис, Янис (ru) Jānis Balodis (sv) Яніс Балодіс (uk) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Jānis Balodis http://viaf.org/viaf/18388770 http://d-nb.info/gnd/132569523 wikidata:Jānis Balodis http://arz.dbpedia.org/resource/چانيس_بالوديس dbpedia-ca:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-da:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-de:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-et:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-fi:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-fr:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-it:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-ka:Jānis Balodis http://lt.dbpedia.org/resource/Janis_Baluodis http://lv.dbpedia.org/resource/Jānis_Balodis_(ģenerālis) dbpedia-pl:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-ru:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-sl:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-sv:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-tr:Jānis Balodis dbpedia-uk:Jānis Balodis https://global.dbpedia.org/id/554NZ |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Jānis_Balodis?oldid=1069450323&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Gen._Janis_Balodis_(Minister_of_Defence_of_Latvia).png |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Jānis_Balodis |
| foaf:name | Jānis Balodis (en) |
| is dbo:commander of | dbr:Central_Powers_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War dbr:Walk_crisis dbr:Latvian_War_of_Independence |
| is dbo:vicePresident of | dbr:Kārlis_Ulmanis__Tenure__1 |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:Jānis dbr:Balodis |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Janis_Balodis |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:List_of_former_Latvian_commanders dbr:1934_Latvian_coup_d'état dbr:Battle_of_Cēsis_(1919) dbr:List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Latvia dbr:Commander_of_the_Joint_Headquarters_(Latvia) dbr:Cross_of_Liberty_(Estonia) dbr:Marģers_Skujenieks dbr:State_Border_Guard dbr:Stasys_Raštikis dbr:Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940 dbr:Central_Powers_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War dbr:Walk_crisis dbr:Jānis dbr:Leaders_of_the_Russian_Civil_War dbr:4391_Balodis dbr:Aleksandrs_Grīns dbr:Dāvids_Sīmansons dbr:Balodis dbr:Baltische_Landeswehr dbr:Palace_of_Justice,_Riga dbr:History_of_Latvia dbr:List_of_Latvian_Army_generals dbr:List_of_Latvian_records_in_athletics dbr:List_of_Latvians dbr:Kārlis_Ulmanis dbr:Latvian_Riflemen dbr:Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic dbr:Latvian_War_of_Independence dbr:Order_of_Lāčplēsis dbr:Janis_Balodis dbr:Vilnius_Military_School |
| is dbp:officeholder of | dbr:Commander_of_the_Joint_Headquarters_(Latvia) |
| is dbp:vicepresident of | dbr:Kārlis_Ulmanis |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Jānis_Balodis |
