Jadovno concentration camp (original) (raw)
Das Konzentrationslager Jadovno (serbisch-kyrillisch Сабирни logor Јадовно Sabirni logor Jadovno) war während des Zweiten Weltkriegs das erste von um die 40 Konzentrations- und Internierungslagern im faschistischen Unabhängigen Staat Kroatien (NDH). Das von der kroatischen und rechtsextremen Ustascha zwischen Mai und August 1941 geleitete Lager befand sich in einer abgeschiedenen Gegend etwa 20 Kilometer von der Stadt Gospić. Die Zahl der Todesopfer, vor allem Serben, aber auch viele Juden, ist je nach Quelle und zeitlicher Veröffentlichung umstritten. Das Lager wurde am 21. August 1941 geschlossen und später an das faschistische Königreich Italien übergeben.
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| dbo:abstract | Das Konzentrationslager Jadovno (serbisch-kyrillisch Сабирни logor Јадовно Sabirni logor Jadovno) war während des Zweiten Weltkriegs das erste von um die 40 Konzentrations- und Internierungslagern im faschistischen Unabhängigen Staat Kroatien (NDH). Das von der kroatischen und rechtsextremen Ustascha zwischen Mai und August 1941 geleitete Lager befand sich in einer abgeschiedenen Gegend etwa 20 Kilometer von der Stadt Gospić. Die Zahl der Todesopfer, vor allem Serben, aber auch viele Juden, ist je nach Quelle und zeitlicher Veröffentlichung umstritten. Das Lager wurde am 21. August 1941 geschlossen und später an das faschistische Königreich Italien übergeben. (de) The Jadovno concentration camp was a concentration and extermination camp in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II. Commanded by Juco Rukavina, it was the first of twenty-six concentration camps in the NDH during the war. Established in a secluded area about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the town of Gospić, it held thousands of Serbs and Jews over a period of 122 days from May to August 1941. Inmates were usually killed by being pushed into deep ravines located near the camp. Estimates of the number of deaths at Jadovno range from 10,000 to 68,000, mostly Serbs. The camp was closed on 21 August 1941, and the area where it was located was later handed over to the Kingdom of Italy and became part of Italian Zones II and III. Jadovno was replaced by the greater sized Jasenovac concentration camp and its extermination facilities. The camp site remained unexplored after the war due to the depth of the gorges where bodies were disposed and the fact that some of them had been filled with concrete by Yugoslavia's Communist authorities. Additional sites containing the skeletal remains of camp victims were uncovered in the 1980s. Commemoration ceremonies honouring the victims of the camp have been organized by the Serb National Council (SNV), the Jewish community in Croatia, and local anti-fascists since 2009, and 24 June has since been designated as a "Day of Remembrance of the Jadovno Camp" in Croatia. A monument commemorating those killed in the camp was constructed in 1975 and stood for fifteen years before being removed in 1990. A replica of the original monument was constructed and dedicated in 2010, but disappeared within twenty-four hours of its inauguration. (en) Le camp de Jadovno est un camp de concentration et d'extermination dans l'État indépendant de Croatie (NDH) pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Commandé par Juco Rukavina, il s'agit du premier des vingt-six camps ouverts dans le NDH pendant la guerre. Jadovno est situé dans un lieu reculé, à environ 20 kilomètres de la ville de Gospić, et des milliers de Serbes et de Juifs y sont détenus sur une période de 122 jours entre mai et août 1941. La méthode d'exécution habituelle consiste à pousser les détenus dans les ravins profonds qui entourent le camp. Les estimations sur le nombre de morts à Jadovno s'étendent de 10 000 à 68 000 victimes, principalement des Serbes. Le camp est fermé le 21 août 1941 et le secteur dont il dépend passe sous le contrôle du royaume d'Italie : il fait partie des zones italiennes II et III. Jadovno est remplacé par le camp de Jasenovac, plus grand et qui comporte des infrastructures d'extermination. Après-guerre, l'exploration du camp et de ses alentours est impossible à cause de la profondeur des ravins où les corps sont déposés et parce que les autorités communistes de Yougoslavie en ont scellé certains avec du béton. Les autres sites contenant les restes des victimes sont découverts dans les années 1980. Depuis 2009, le (en) (SNV), la communauté juive de Croatie et des militants antifascistes locaux conduisent des cérémonies en mémoire des victimes du camp. En Croatie, le 24 juin est la date retenue pour le « Jour du souvenir du camp de Jadovno ». En 1975 est érigé un monument pour honorer la mémoire des victimes avant d'être retiré en 1990. En 2010, une copie du monument original est construite mais elle disparaît 24 heures après son inauguration. (fr) Il campo di concentramento di Jadovno fu un campo di concentramento e sterminio nello Stato Indipendente di Croazia (NDH) durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Comandato da Juco Rukavina, fu il primo dei ventisei campi di concentramento costruiti nell'NHD durante la guerra. Istituito in un'area a circa 20 chilometri dalla città di Gospić, ospitò migliaia di serbi ed ebrei per un periodo di 122 giorni da maggio ad agosto 1941. Di solito, i detenuti furono uccisi spingendoli in profondi burroni situati vicino al campo. Le stime del numero di morti a Jadovno vanno da 10.000 a 68.000 persone, per lo più serbi. Il campo fu chiuso il 21 agosto 1941 e l'area in cui si trovava fu in seguito ceduta al Regno d'Italia entrando quindi a far parte delle Zone italiane II e III. Jadovno fu poi sostituito dal campo di concentramento di Jasenovac di dimensioni maggiori. Il campo è rimasto inesplorato dopo la guerra a causa della profondità delle gole in cui venivano depositati i corpi e del fatto che alcune di esse furono riempite di cemento dalle autorità comuniste jugoslave. Gli altri siti contenenti i resti scheletrici delle vittime del campo furono scoperti negli anni '80. Dal 2009, il 24 giugno, il (Srpsko narodno vijeće, SNV), la comunità ebraica in Croazia e gli antifascisti locali organizzano alcune cerimonie di commemorazione delle vittime del campo, da allora in Croazia è stata designata come "Giornata in ricordo del campo di Jadovno": è stato collocato un monumento per commemorare le vittime del campo nel 1975 ed è rimasto in piedi per quindici anni prima di essere rimosso nel 1990; una replica del monumento originale è stata costruita e posizionata nuovamente nel 2010, ma è scomparsa entro ventiquattro ore dalla sua inaugurazione. (it) Het Jadovno-vernietigingskamp was een kamp in Kroatië (NDH) tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Het werd geleid door Juco Rukavina en was het eerste van 26 kampen in de NDH. Verscholen in natuurgebieden ten westen van het stadje Gospić, werden er tussen mei en augustus 1941 duizenden Serviërs en Joden gedood. De meesten werden gedood door hen in natuurlijke putten en ravijnen te duwen. Het kamp werd gesloten op 21 augustus 1941 toen een Italiaanse bezettingsmacht dit deel van Kroatië bereikte. Het Ustaša-regime kon hun zuiveringsbeleid echter voortzetten in de noordoostelijke helft van het land, waar een Duitse bezetting werd gestationeerd. Jadovno werd vervangen door het grotere kampcomplex bij Jasenovac. Het zuiveringsbeleid hield in om van de ongeveer 1 miljoen (Orthodoxe) Serviërs die in de NDH woonden, een derde deel te elimineren, een derde deel te bekeren tot het katholicisme en een derde deel te verdrijven naar Servië. Jadovno ging van start in mei 1941, een half jaar voor de Duitsers de Wannseeconferentie betreffende het elimineren van Joden hielden. (nl) |
| dbo:activeYears | April 1941 – August 1941 |
| dbo:depictionDescription | The Šaran pit, located one kilometer from the camp. (en) |
| dbo:location | dbr:Gospić dbr:Independent_State_of_Croatia |
| dbo:mapCaption | Location of Jadovno within the Independent State of Croatia |
| dbo:numberOfDeaths | Estimates generally range from 10,000–68,000 |
| dbo:operator | dbr:Ustaše |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Saranova_jama.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:type | dbr:Extermination_camp dbr:Concentration_camp |
| dbo:victim | dbr:Bogdan_Tošović dbr:Ivica_Hiršl dbr:Špiro_Bocarić dbr:Aleksandar_Savić dbr:Jews dbr:Serbs |
| dbo:victims | Aleksandar Savić Bogdan Tošović Ivica Hiršl PrimarilySerbsandJews Špiro Bocarić |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=M66fG2bhi1AC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=H2UdOMWoQ2MC https://archive.org/details/croatia00ivog https://archive.org/details/religiousseparat0000veli https://archive.org/details/serbiassecretwar0000cohe https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=fqUSGevFe5MC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=KwW2O7v7CUcC http://www.jadovno.com/ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=M9Uj6u6b-ZIC https://hrcak.srce.hr/76758 http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/11/Region/1351142/Pomen+%C5%BErtvama+logora+u+Jadovnom.html https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=qMZaPjrHqYYC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=ACvJHam2_-oC |
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| dbp:alt | A photograph of a deep hole amid moss-covered rocks. (en) |
| dbp:caption | The Šaran pit, located one kilometer from the camp. (en) |
| dbp:inOperation | April 1941 – August 1941 (en) |
| dbp:killed | Estimates generally range from 10,000–68,000 (en) |
| dbp:location | Near Gospić, Independent State of Croatia (en) |
| dbp:locationMap | NDH (en) |
| dbp:mapCaption | Location of Jadovno within the Independent State of Croatia (en) |
| dbp:name | Jadovno (en) |
| dbp:notableInmates | (en) Aleksandar Savić (en) Bogdan Tošović (en) Ivica Hiršl (en) Špiro Bocarić (en) |
| dbp:operatedBy | dbr:Ustaše |
| dbp:prisonerType | Primarily Serbs and Jews (en) |
| dbp:type | Concentration and extermination camp (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Das Konzentrationslager Jadovno (serbisch-kyrillisch Сабирни logor Јадовно Sabirni logor Jadovno) war während des Zweiten Weltkriegs das erste von um die 40 Konzentrations- und Internierungslagern im faschistischen Unabhängigen Staat Kroatien (NDH). Das von der kroatischen und rechtsextremen Ustascha zwischen Mai und August 1941 geleitete Lager befand sich in einer abgeschiedenen Gegend etwa 20 Kilometer von der Stadt Gospić. Die Zahl der Todesopfer, vor allem Serben, aber auch viele Juden, ist je nach Quelle und zeitlicher Veröffentlichung umstritten. Das Lager wurde am 21. August 1941 geschlossen und später an das faschistische Königreich Italien übergeben. (de) The Jadovno concentration camp was a concentration and extermination camp in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II. Commanded by Juco Rukavina, it was the first of twenty-six concentration camps in the NDH during the war. Established in a secluded area about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the town of Gospić, it held thousands of Serbs and Jews over a period of 122 days from May to August 1941. Inmates were usually killed by being pushed into deep ravines located near the camp. Estimates of the number of deaths at Jadovno range from 10,000 to 68,000, mostly Serbs. The camp was closed on 21 August 1941, and the area where it was located was later handed over to the Kingdom of Italy and became part of Italian Zones II and III. Jadovno was replaced by the greater sized Jasenov (en) Le camp de Jadovno est un camp de concentration et d'extermination dans l'État indépendant de Croatie (NDH) pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Commandé par Juco Rukavina, il s'agit du premier des vingt-six camps ouverts dans le NDH pendant la guerre. Jadovno est situé dans un lieu reculé, à environ 20 kilomètres de la ville de Gospić, et des milliers de Serbes et de Juifs y sont détenus sur une période de 122 jours entre mai et août 1941. La méthode d'exécution habituelle consiste à pousser les détenus dans les ravins profonds qui entourent le camp. Les estimations sur le nombre de morts à Jadovno s'étendent de 10 000 à 68 000 victimes, principalement des Serbes. Le camp est fermé le 21 août 1941 et le secteur dont il dépend passe sous le contrôle du royaume d'Italie : il fait partie des (fr) Il campo di concentramento di Jadovno fu un campo di concentramento e sterminio nello Stato Indipendente di Croazia (NDH) durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Comandato da Juco Rukavina, fu il primo dei ventisei campi di concentramento costruiti nell'NHD durante la guerra. Istituito in un'area a circa 20 chilometri dalla città di Gospić, ospitò migliaia di serbi ed ebrei per un periodo di 122 giorni da maggio ad agosto 1941. Di solito, i detenuti furono uccisi spingendoli in profondi burroni situati vicino al campo. Le stime del numero di morti a Jadovno vanno da 10.000 a 68.000 persone, per lo più serbi. Il campo fu chiuso il 21 agosto 1941 e l'area in cui si trovava fu in seguito ceduta al Regno d'Italia entrando quindi a far parte delle Zone italiane II e III. Jadovno fu poi sostituito d (it) Het Jadovno-vernietigingskamp was een kamp in Kroatië (NDH) tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Het werd geleid door Juco Rukavina en was het eerste van 26 kampen in de NDH. Verscholen in natuurgebieden ten westen van het stadje Gospić, werden er tussen mei en augustus 1941 duizenden Serviërs en Joden gedood. De meesten werden gedood door hen in natuurlijke putten en ravijnen te duwen. Het kamp werd gesloten op 21 augustus 1941 toen een Italiaanse bezettingsmacht dit deel van Kroatië bereikte. Het Ustaša-regime kon hun zuiveringsbeleid echter voortzetten in de noordoostelijke helft van het land, waar een Duitse bezetting werd gestationeerd. Jadovno werd vervangen door het grotere kampcomplex bij Jasenovac. Het zuiveringsbeleid hield in om van de ongeveer 1 miljoen (Orthodoxe) Serviërs die in d (nl) |
| rdfs:label | KZ Jadovno (de) Camp de concentration de Jadovno (fr) Campo di concentramento di Jadovno (it) Jadovno concentration camp (en) Jadovno vernietigingskamp (nl) |
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