James Collins (bioengineer) (original) (raw)
詹姆斯·J·柯林斯(英語:James J. Collins,1965年6月26日-)是一位美国生物工程学工程师,麻省理工学院教授,主攻合成生物学。
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dbo:abstract | James Joseph „Jim“ Collins (* 26. Juni 1965 in New York City) ist ein US-amerikanischer Medizin- und Bio-Ingenieur. Collins studierte am College of the Holy Cross mit dem Bachelor-Abschluss in Physik 1987 (als Bester seiner Universität) und wurde 1990 an der University of Oxford als Mediziningenieur promoviert. Danach wurde er Assistant Professor und später Professor für Biomedizinisches Ingenieurwesen an der Boston University. Er ist dort heute William F. Warren Distinguished Professor und zusätzlich Professor für Medizin und Ko-Gründer und Ko-Direktor des Center for Synthetic Biology 2008 wurde er außerdem Forscher am Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Collins ist ein Pionier der Synthetischen Biologie und Systembiologie. Er fand Wege, Bakterien (und zum Beispiel Bakteriophagen) so umzuprogrammieren, dass sie vorgegebene Aufgaben erfüllen. Er konstruierte Gen-Netzwerke in Zellen, genetische Schalter, RNA-Schalter, genetische Zähler, . Er identifizierte mit diesen Methoden einen allen Antibiotika gemeinsamen oxidativen Schadensmechanismus in Bakterien, was einen Weg aufzeigte, die Wirkung dieser Antibiotika zu verstärken, indem an den entsprechenden Reparaturmechanismen der Bakterienzelle angesetzt wird. Er fand auch, dass die Mutationen aufgrund freigesetzter Radikale bei nicht-tödlichen Antibiotikadosen die Antibiotika-Resistenz fördern. Außerdem führte er grundlegende Arbeiten zur Dynamischen Systemtheorie in der Biologie aus. Er zeigte, das Rauschen die Sensorwahrnehmung verstärken kann. Als Anwendung entwickelte er spezielle Sohlen, die die Füße stimulieren um zum Beispiel älteren Personen in der Aufrechterhaltung des Gleichgewichts zu unterstützen. Er erhielt einen Pioneer Award des Direktors der National Institutes of Health und 2003 eine MacArthur Fellowship. Er ist Mitglied der National Academy of Engineering, der American Academy of Arts and Sciences, des Institute of Medicine der National Academies und der National Academy of Inventors. Außerdem ist er Fellow der American Physical Society und des Institute of Physics. 2014 wurde er in die National Academy of Sciences gewählt und erhielt den HFSP Nakasone Award. Für 2017 wurde ihm der Gabbay Award zugesprochen, für 2020 der Max Delbruck Prize der American Physical Society und der Dickson Prize in Medicine der University of Pittsburgh. Collins ist wissenschaftlicher Berater verschiedener Firmen, die seine Erfindungen produzieren. (de) James J. Collins (born June 26, 1965) is an American bioengineer, and the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering & Science and Professor of Biological Engineering at MIT. He is one of the founders of the emerging field of synthetic biology, and has made multiple synthetic biology breakthroughs in biotechnology and biomedicine, including paper-based diagnostics for Zika & Ebola and programmable cells that serve as living diagnostics and living therapeutics to detect-and-treat infections, rare genetic metabolic disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. Collins is also a pioneering researcher in systems biology, having made fundamental discoveries regarding the actions of antibiotics and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Collins was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2011 for contributions to synthetic biology and engineered gene networks. (en) James J. Collins (nacido el 26 de junio de 1965, en Nueva York) es un bioingeniero estadounidense y profesor Termeer de ingeniería médica y ciencia y profesor de ingeniería biológica en el Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts (MIT).Es uno de los fundadores del campo emergente de la biología sintética, y ha realizado múltiples avances de la biología sintética en biotecnología y biomedicina, incluidos diagnósticos basados en papel para el zika y el ébola y células programables que sirven como diagnósticos vivos y terapias vivas para detectar y -tratar infecciones, trastornos metabólicos genéticos raros y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Collins también es un investigador pionero en biología de sistemas, habiendo realizado descubrimientos fundamentales sobre las acciones de los antibióticos y la aparición de resistencia a los antibióticos .Collins fue elegido miembro de la Academia Nacional de Ingeniería en 2011 por sus contribuciones a la biología sintética y las redes de genes modificados. (es) 詹姆斯·J·柯林斯(英語:James J. Collins,1965年6月26日-)是一位美国生物工程学工程师,麻省理工学院教授,主攻合成生物学。 (zh) Джеймс Джозеф Коллинз (James Joseph «Jim» Collins, род. 26 июня 1965, Нью-Йорк) — американский учёный, специалист в области биомедицинской инженерии и системной биологии, один из основоположников синтетической биологии, занимается исследованиями антибиотиков и антибиотикорезистентности. Профессор Массачусетского технологического института, а ранее — Бостонского университета.Член Национальных Академии наук (2014), Инженерной (2011) и академий США. (ru) |
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rdfs:comment | 詹姆斯·J·柯林斯(英語:James J. Collins,1965年6月26日-)是一位美国生物工程学工程师,麻省理工学院教授,主攻合成生物学。 (zh) Джеймс Джозеф Коллинз (James Joseph «Jim» Collins, род. 26 июня 1965, Нью-Йорк) — американский учёный, специалист в области биомедицинской инженерии и системной биологии, один из основоположников синтетической биологии, занимается исследованиями антибиотиков и антибиотикорезистентности. Профессор Массачусетского технологического института, а ранее — Бостонского университета.Член Национальных Академии наук (2014), Инженерной (2011) и академий США. (ru) James Joseph „Jim“ Collins (* 26. Juni 1965 in New York City) ist ein US-amerikanischer Medizin- und Bio-Ingenieur. Collins studierte am College of the Holy Cross mit dem Bachelor-Abschluss in Physik 1987 (als Bester seiner Universität) und wurde 1990 an der University of Oxford als Mediziningenieur promoviert. Danach wurde er Assistant Professor und später Professor für Biomedizinisches Ingenieurwesen an der Boston University. Er ist dort heute William F. Warren Distinguished Professor und zusätzlich Professor für Medizin und Ko-Gründer und Ko-Direktor des Center for Synthetic Biology 2008 wurde er außerdem Forscher am Howard Hughes Medical Institute. (de) James J. Collins (nacido el 26 de junio de 1965, en Nueva York) es un bioingeniero estadounidense y profesor Termeer de ingeniería médica y ciencia y profesor de ingeniería biológica en el Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts (MIT).Es uno de los fundadores del campo emergente de la biología sintética, y ha realizado múltiples avances de la biología sintética en biotecnología y biomedicina, incluidos diagnósticos basados en papel para el zika y el ébola y células programables que sirven como diagnósticos vivos y terapias vivas para detectar y -tratar infecciones, trastornos metabólicos genéticos raros y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Collins también es un investigador pionero en biología de sistemas, habiendo realizado descubrimientos fundamentales sobre las acciones de los anti (es) James J. Collins (born June 26, 1965) is an American bioengineer, and the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering & Science and Professor of Biological Engineering at MIT. He is one of the founders of the emerging field of synthetic biology, and has made multiple synthetic biology breakthroughs in biotechnology and biomedicine, including paper-based diagnostics for Zika & Ebola and programmable cells that serve as living diagnostics and living therapeutics to detect-and-treat infections, rare genetic metabolic disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. Collins is also a pioneering researcher in systems biology, having made fundamental discoveries regarding the actions of antibiotics and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. (en) |
rdfs:label | James J. Collins (de) James J. Collins (es) James Collins (bioengineer) (en) Коллинз, Джеймс Джозеф (ru) 詹姆斯·J·柯林斯 (zh) |
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