John of Fordun (original) (raw)
John Fordun († kurz nach 1363 oder um 1387) war ein schottischer Chronist, dessen Werk der Historiker Walter Bower um 1440 als „Scotichronicon“ erweiterte und fortsetzte.
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| dbo:abstract | Joan de Fordun (mort després del 1360, vers 1384) va ser un cronista escocès. Es considera que va néixer a , avui situat a Aberdeenshire. Se sap amb certesa que era un religiós secular, o sigui que no vivia en cap comunitat, i que va escriure les seves cròniques durant la segona meitat del segle xiv. Es creu que era el capellà de la catedral de Sant Macari d'Aberdeen. El treball de Joan de Fordun és el primer que descriu una història continuada d'Escòcia. El seu zel patriotic va sorgir arran de la supressió o destrucció de nombrosos arxius nacionals per Eduard III d'Anglaterra. Viatjarà doncs a Anglaterra i Irlanda per a reunir la documentació per als seus treballs. El conjunt de la seva obra (un total de 5 creacions), és la .De les tres primeres obres no se'n pot verificar la veracitat ni l'historicitat. Tanmateix formen la base sobre la qual es recolzaran i pels seus propis treballs històrics. Per la seva banda l'historiador del segle xviii va considerar el seu contingut com a dubtós al seu Critical Essay. Per contra, la quarta i cinquena obres contenen informacions de gran valor i són més precises en la mesura que parlen d'esdeveniments més propers a l'època de l'autor. La cinquena obra acaba amb la mort del rei David I d'Escòcia el 1153. A part de la Chronica, publicada vers 1360, Joan de Fordun va escriure també una part d'un altre llibre i va recollir documentació per a poder retrocedir més enrere en la història. Aquests documents, anomenats Annals, tenen com a darrera entrada un esdeveniment del 1383, i van ser represos per un successor seu del segle XV anomenat , abad d'Incholm. Els afegits de Bower formen onze llibres i arriben fins a la mort de Jaume I d'Escòcia el 1437. El conjunt resultant de la unió de les obres d'ambdós autors se'l coneix amb el nom de Scotichronicon. (ca) John Fordun († kurz nach 1363 oder um 1387) war ein schottischer Chronist, dessen Werk der Historiker Walter Bower um 1440 als „Scotichronicon“ erweiterte und fortsetzte. (de) Johano de Fordun (m. ĉ. 1384) estis skota kronikisto. Li estis nemonaĥa pastro kaj verŝajne kapelano en la katedralo de Aberdeen. Lia ĉefa verko estas Chronica gentis Scotorum (Kroniko de la skota popolo, eldonita ĉirkaŭ 1360) kiu traktis la historion de Skotlando ĝis 1153. Ĝi estis la unua kompleta historio de la lando, kvankam la enhavo eble ne tute fidindas rilate la pli fruajn epokojn. Meze de la 15-a jarcento Walter Bower verkis aldonaĵon al la historio. (eo) John of Fordun (before 1360 – c. 1384) was a Scottish chronicler. It is generally stated that he was born at Fordoun, Mearns. It is certain that he was a secular priest, and that he composed his history in the latter part of the 14th century. It is probable that he was a chaplain in St Machar's Cathedral of Aberdeen. The work of Fordun is the earliest attempt to write a continuous history of Scotland. Fordun undertook this task because his patriotic zeal was roused by the removal or destruction of many national records by Edward III of England. He travelled across England and Ireland, collecting material for his history. Collectively, this work, divided into five books, is known as the Chronica Gentis Scotorum. The first three are unverified historically, which therefore casts doubt on their accuracy. Yet they also form the groundwork on which Boece and George Buchanan afterwards based some of their historical writings. Thomas Innes argued that some of the history these men presented was doubtful in his Critical Essay (i, pp. 201–2,4), but Innes himself had his own political agenda and his work has also been criticized by modern historians. Fordun's claim of an unbroken line of royal descent from Fergus I in 330 BC can be seen as a contribution to a Scottish national origin myth constructed to counter the legend of Brutus of Troy, which English monarchs deployed to claim sovereignty over the whole of Britain. The 4th and 5th books contain much valuable information, and become more authentic the nearer they approach the author's own time. The 5th book concludes with the death of King David I in 1153. More recent scholarship, largely by Professor Dauvit Broun of Glasgow University, suggests that the portion of what has hitherto been considered Fordun's chronicle, i.e. events after 1153, should be regarded as two separate works, neither of which can, in any meaningful sense, be attributed to Fordun himself. Therefore, the list of yearly events after the death of King David I in 1153 should be regarded as the separate works Gesta Annalia I and Gesta Annalia II. The new thinking, put forward by Professor Broun, is that John of Fordun's work is the chronicle alone. So Fordun's own work proceeds no later than the death of King David I in 1153. Therefore, Fordun cannot be regarded as the author of ‘Gesta Annalia’ and that Gesta Annalia’ should be regarded as two separate works. This is because an examination of the surviving manuscripts reveals two separate texts which, for convenience are called ‘Gesta Annalia I’ and ‘Gesta Annalia II’. ‘Gesta Annalia I’ ends when in February 1285 King Alexander III despatches an embassy to France to find a new wife for him. ‘Gesta Annalia II’ begins with Alexander III's marriage to his new bride in October 1285. It is considered that ‘Gesta Annalia I’ is what remains extant of a much longer work. It is considered that the author of ‘Gesta Annalia’ ended this work around February 1285. Then, at some point, a scribe copied ‘Gesta Annalia I’ and appended it to Fordun's chronicle. As to whether that scribe may have been Fordun himself and that he appended ‘Gesta Annalia I’ to his own chronicle "is an open question" according to Professor Broun. Based on these suppositions, the ‘Gesta Annalia I’ in circulation is a copy of an original work. However, it is considered that whoever copied the original work left it largely undisturbed, i.e. did not materially alter the text as there is a consistency of writing and presentation of the history in ‘Gesta Annalia I’ which is not found to the same extent with ‘Gesta Annalia II’. ‘Gesta Annalia II’ is a more challenging, and it has been suggested more interesting, work. Whereas there is a consistency in the style and presentation of ‘Gesta Annalia I’, that is not the case in ‘Gesta Annalia II’. Historical texts published before this new thinking was accepted will still refer to Fordun as the author of comments relating to the period after 1153. These comments are now cited as Gesta Annalia I or II. Besides these five books, published around 1360, Fordun also wrote part of another book, and collected materials to cover the history of Scotland to a later period. These materials were used by a continuator who wrote in the middle of the 15th century, and who is identified with Walter Bower, abbot of the monastery of Inchcolm. Bower's additions form eleven books, and bring forward the narrative to the death of King James I of Scots in 1437. According to the custom of the time, the continuator did not hesitate to interpolate Fordun's portion of the work with additions of his own. The whole history thus compiled is known as the Scotichronicon. The first printed edition of Fordun's work was that of Thomas Gale in his Scriptores quindecim (vol. iii), which was published in 1691. This was followed by Thomas Hearne's (5 vol.) edition in 1722. The whole work, including Bower's continuation, was published by Walter Goodall at Edinburgh in 1759. In 1871 and 1872 Fordun's chronicle, in the original Latin and in an English translation, was edited by William F. Skene in The Historians of Scotland. The preface to this edition collects all the biographical details and gives full references to manuscripts and editions. (en) Juan de Fordun (John of Fordun en inglés) († c. 1384) fue un cronista escocés. Está ampliamente aceptado que nació en la población de , . Se sabe con certeza que era un sacerdote seglar, y que compuso su historia a finales del siglo XIV; probablemente fue capellán en la catedral de Aberdeen. El trabajo de Fordun es el primer intento por escribir una historia completa de Escocia. El celo patriótico de Fordun fue suscitado por la destrucción o eliminación de muchos documentos escoceses por parte del monarca Eduardo III de Inglaterra. Juan de Fordun viajó por Inglaterra e Irlanda recopilando información para su crónica. Su trabajo se divide en cinco libros, y se le conoce como . Los tres primeros libros son en su mayoría relatos fabulosos, y forman el trabajo preliminar sobre el que más tarde Hector Boece y George Buchanan basaron sus historias ficticias, que fueron expuestas por en su Critical Essay (i. pp. 201-2,4). Los libros cuarto y quinto, a pesar de continuar mezclando fábula y realidad, contienen una gran cantidad de valiosa información, y son la crónica de la época del autor más cercana a la realidad. El quinto libro concluye con la muerte del rey David I de Escocia en 1153. Además de estos cinco libros publicados sobre el año 1360, Fordun también escribió parte de otro libro, y recopiló materiales para continuar su historia sobre el periodo posterior. Estos materiales fueron usados por un continuador de su trabajo, que escribió a mediados del siglo XV, y que ha sido identificado con , abad del . El texto añadido por Bower forma once libros, y la narración termina con la muerte del rey Jacobo I de Escocia en 1437. De acuerdo con la costumbre de la época, el continuador de la obra no vaciló en mezclar su propio trabajo con el de Juan de Fordun, y la obra entera fue compilada y conocida como el Scotichronicon (Crónica de Escocia). La primera edición impresa del trabajo de Fordun fue impreso por en su (vol. iii.), que fue publicado en 1591. Este fue seguido por la edición de Thomas Hearne de 1722 en 5 volúmenes. El trabajo entero, incluyendo la continuación de Bower, fue publicada por en Edimburgo en 1759. En 1871 y 1872, la crónica de Fordun, en su versión original en latín y en la traducción inglesa, fue editada por William Forbes Skene en The Historians of Scotland. El prefacio a aquella edición recopilaba todos los detalles biográficos y daba completas referencias sobre los manuscritos y el resto de ediciones. (es) Jean de Fordun (mort après 1360, vers 1384), (anglais: John of Fordun), était un chroniqueur écossais. Il est généralement dit qu'il était né à (en), se trouvant maintenant en Aberdeenshire. On sait avec certitude qu'il était un prêtre séculier, c'est-à-dire ne vivent pas dans une communauté religieuse, et qu'il composa ses chroniques dans la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle; il est probable qu'il ait été aumônier à la cathédrale d'Aberdeen. (fr) Giovanni di Fordun, in inglese John of Fordun , è stato uno storico e presbitero scozzese. (it) João de Fordun (em inglês: John of Fordun; Fordoun, antes de 1360 — c. 1384) foi um cronista escocês. (pt) Иоанн Фордунский, или Джон Фордунский (англ. John of Fordun, лат. Joannes de Fordun; ум. около 1384) — средневековый шотландский хронист, автор «Хроники шотландской нации» (лат. Chronica gentis Scotorum) — первой попытки написания истории Шотландии с древнейших времён до XII века. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | John Fordun († kurz nach 1363 oder um 1387) war ein schottischer Chronist, dessen Werk der Historiker Walter Bower um 1440 als „Scotichronicon“ erweiterte und fortsetzte. (de) Johano de Fordun (m. ĉ. 1384) estis skota kronikisto. Li estis nemonaĥa pastro kaj verŝajne kapelano en la katedralo de Aberdeen. Lia ĉefa verko estas Chronica gentis Scotorum (Kroniko de la skota popolo, eldonita ĉirkaŭ 1360) kiu traktis la historion de Skotlando ĝis 1153. Ĝi estis la unua kompleta historio de la lando, kvankam la enhavo eble ne tute fidindas rilate la pli fruajn epokojn. Meze de la 15-a jarcento Walter Bower verkis aldonaĵon al la historio. (eo) Jean de Fordun (mort après 1360, vers 1384), (anglais: John of Fordun), était un chroniqueur écossais. Il est généralement dit qu'il était né à (en), se trouvant maintenant en Aberdeenshire. On sait avec certitude qu'il était un prêtre séculier, c'est-à-dire ne vivent pas dans une communauté religieuse, et qu'il composa ses chroniques dans la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle; il est probable qu'il ait été aumônier à la cathédrale d'Aberdeen. (fr) Giovanni di Fordun, in inglese John of Fordun , è stato uno storico e presbitero scozzese. (it) João de Fordun (em inglês: John of Fordun; Fordoun, antes de 1360 — c. 1384) foi um cronista escocês. (pt) Иоанн Фордунский, или Джон Фордунский (англ. John of Fordun, лат. Joannes de Fordun; ум. около 1384) — средневековый шотландский хронист, автор «Хроники шотландской нации» (лат. Chronica gentis Scotorum) — первой попытки написания истории Шотландии с древнейших времён до XII века. (ru) Joan de Fordun (mort després del 1360, vers 1384) va ser un cronista escocès. Es considera que va néixer a , avui situat a Aberdeenshire. Se sap amb certesa que era un religiós secular, o sigui que no vivia en cap comunitat, i que va escriure les seves cròniques durant la segona meitat del segle xiv. Es creu que era el capellà de la catedral de Sant Macari d'Aberdeen. (ca) Juan de Fordun (John of Fordun en inglés) († c. 1384) fue un cronista escocés. Está ampliamente aceptado que nació en la población de , . Se sabe con certeza que era un sacerdote seglar, y que compuso su historia a finales del siglo XIV; probablemente fue capellán en la catedral de Aberdeen. (es) John of Fordun (before 1360 – c. 1384) was a Scottish chronicler. It is generally stated that he was born at Fordoun, Mearns. It is certain that he was a secular priest, and that he composed his history in the latter part of the 14th century. It is probable that he was a chaplain in St Machar's Cathedral of Aberdeen. ‘Gesta Annalia II’ is a more challenging, and it has been suggested more interesting, work. Whereas there is a consistency in the style and presentation of ‘Gesta Annalia I’, that is not the case in ‘Gesta Annalia II’. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Joan de Fordun (ca) John Fordun (de) Johano de Fordun (eo) Juan de Fordun (es) Jean de Fordun (fr) Giovanni di Fordun (it) John of Fordun (en) João de Fordun (pt) Иоанн Фордунский (ru) |
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