Kanikleios (original) (raw)
Le kanikleios (en grec : κανίκλειος) ou plus formellement chartoularios tou kanikleiou ou epi tou kanikleiou (en grec : ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου) est l'un des postes les plus importants de la chancellerie impériale byzantine. Son détenteur est le gardien de l'encrier impérial (le kanikleion) qui est taillé en forme de petit chien (du latin : canicula) et qui contient l'encre écarlate avec laquelle l'empereur byzantin signe les documents impériaux.
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| dbo:abstract | Ο Επί του κανικλείου ή Χαρτουλάριος του κανικλείου (αρχ. ελληνικά: ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου), ήταν βυζαντινό αξίωμα. Αυτός που το κατείχε ήταν από τους υψηλότερους αξιωματούχους του Αυτοκράτορα· κρατούσε το Αυτοκρατορικό μελανοδοχείο (και την πένα), που λεγόταν κανίκλειον και ήταν υπεύθυνος γι' αυτό. Το αξίωμα εμφανίζεται για πρώτη φορά τον 9ο αιώνα και κατατασσόταν στα ειδικά αξιώματα σύμφωνα με το . Ο επί του κανικλείου είχε το Αυτοκρατορικό μελανοδοχείο με την πορφυρή μελάνη (κιννάβαριν) και επικύρωνε τα Αυτοκρατορικά έγραφα, ενώ είχε και νομικές αρμοδιότητες. Στις νομικές αρμοδιότητες που είχε, παρίστατο σε δίκες και προσέφερε νομικές συμβουλές, αλλά εξέταζε και υποθέσεις, έδινε την συμβουλή του στους αντίδικους και -αν δεν την εφάρμοζαν- την προωθούσε σε δικαστήριο. Γνωστοί κάτοχοι του τίτλου ήταν οι: , Δημήτριος Τορνίκιος, Νικηφόρος Ουρανός, Θεόδωρος ο Ειρηνικός, , Θεόδωρος Στυππειώτης, , ,Νικηφόρος Χούμνος και τελευταίος αναφέρεται ο το 1438. (el) The kanikleios (Greek: κανίκλειος), more formally chartoularios tou kanikleiou or epi tou kanikleiou (Greek: [χαρτουλάριος] ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου) was one of the most senior offices in the Byzantine imperial chancery. Its holder was the keeper of the imperial inkstand, the kanikleion, which was shaped as a little dog (Latin: canicula) and contained the scarlet ink with which the Byzantine emperor signed state documents. The office first appears in the 9th century, and was usually held in tandem with other government offices. In the Kletorologion of 899 it is ranked among the "special dignities" (ἀξίαι εἰδικαί, axiai eidikai), following the synkellos and preceding the protostrator. In the overall order of precedence, he ranked behind the chartoularios tou vestiariou and before the protostrator, and is recorded as usually holding the rank of protospatharios. His proximity to the imperial person and the nature of his task made the kanikleios very influential, especially in formulating imperial chrysobulls. The office was often given to trusted aides by the emperors, who functioned as effective chief ministers: most notably Theoktistos under Michael III (r. 842–867), Nikephoros Ouranos in the early reign of Basil II (r. 976–1025), the powerful Theodore Styppeiotes under Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180), under John III Vatatzes (r. 1221–1254) and Michael VIII (r. 1259–1261), and the scholar Nikephoros Choumnos, who also held the post of prime minister (mesazōn), under Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328). The last recorded holder of this office was Alexios Palaiologos Tzamplakon c. 1438. In Constantinople, there also was a quarter on the shore of the Golden Horn named ta Kanikleiou, which took its name from the palatial residence built there by Theoktistos. (en) Le kanikleios (en grec : κανίκλειος) ou plus formellement chartoularios tou kanikleiou ou epi tou kanikleiou (en grec : ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου) est l'un des postes les plus importants de la chancellerie impériale byzantine. Son détenteur est le gardien de l'encrier impérial (le kanikleion) qui est taillé en forme de petit chien (du latin : canicula) et qui contient l'encre écarlate avec laquelle l'empereur byzantin signe les documents impériaux. (fr) Il kanikleios (in lingua greca κανίκλειος), più formalmente chartoularios tou kanikleiou o epi tou kanikleiou uno degli uffici più elevati della aristocrazia nell'impero bizantino. Il suo detentore era il depositario del calamaio, il kanikleion, a forma di piccolo cane (in lingua latina canicula) che conteneva l'inchiostro rosso con il quale l'imperatore firmava gli atti di Stato. L'incarico fece la sua prima apparizione nel IX secolo, ed era solitamente abbinato ad altre incombenze. La sua prossimità con l'imperatore e la natura dell'incarico, fecero del kanikleios una persona molto influente, specialmente nella formulazione delle crisobolle imperiali. L'ufficio venne spesso affidato a collaboratori di fiducia, da parte degli imperatori, che ricoprivano il ruolo di primi ministri: in particolare Teoctisto sotto Michele III, nei primi anni di regni di Basilio II, il potente sotto Manuele I Comneno, sotto Giovanni III Vatatze e Michele VIII, e lo studioso Niceforo Cumno, che detenne anche l'incarico di primo ministro (mesazōn) sotto Andronico II Paleologo. L'ultimo detentore di questo incarico, a noi noto, fu Alexios Palaiologos Tzamplakon nel 1438 circa. A Costantinopoli vi era anche un quartiere, sulla riva del Corno d'Oro dal nome ta Kanikleiou, che aveva preso il nome dal palazzo di Theoktistos. (it) Caníclio (em grego: κανίκλειος; romaniz.: Kanikleios), mais formalmente chamado cartulário do caníclio/canícula (em grego: χαρτουλαριος του κανικλειου; romaniz.: chartoularios tou kanikleiou) ou guarda do caníclio/canícula (em grego: ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου; romaniz.: epi tou kanikleiou), foi um dos ofícios mais importantes da chancelaria imperial bizantina. Seu titular foi o guardião do tinteiro imperial, o caníclio (em grego: κανικλείον; romaniz.: kanikleion), que tinha a forma dum cão pequeno (em latim: canicula) e continha a tinta escarlate com a qual o imperador assinaram documentos de Estado. O ofício primeiramente apareceu no século IX, e foi geralmente realizado em conjunto com outros ofícios do governo. Sua proximidade com a pessoa imperial e a natureza de sua tarefa fizeram com que o caníclio muito influente, especialmente na formulação da bula dourada imperial. O ofício foi frequentemente concedido aos assessores de confiança dos imperadores, que atuavam como principais ministros: mais notadamente Teoctisto sob Miguel III, o Ébrio (r. 842–867), Nicéforo Urano no início do reinado de Basílio II Bulgaróctono (r. 976–1025), Teodoro Estipiota sob Manuel I Comneno (r. 1143–1180), sob João III Ducas Vatatzes (r. 1259–1254) e Miguel VIII Paleólogo (r. 1259–1261), e o estudioso Nicéforo Cumno, que também ocupou o cargo de primeiro-ministro (mesazonte), sob o imperador Andrônico II (r. 1282–1328). O último detentor registrado deste ofício foi em cerca de 1438. Em Constantinopla havia um quarteirão no Corno de Ouro nomeado "do Caníclio" (ta Kanikleiou) que adquiriu este nome em homenagem a residência palaciana construída por Teoctisto. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | Le kanikleios (en grec : κανίκλειος) ou plus formellement chartoularios tou kanikleiou ou epi tou kanikleiou (en grec : ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου) est l'un des postes les plus importants de la chancellerie impériale byzantine. Son détenteur est le gardien de l'encrier impérial (le kanikleion) qui est taillé en forme de petit chien (du latin : canicula) et qui contient l'encre écarlate avec laquelle l'empereur byzantin signe les documents impériaux. (fr) Ο Επί του κανικλείου ή Χαρτουλάριος του κανικλείου (αρχ. ελληνικά: ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου), ήταν βυζαντινό αξίωμα. Αυτός που το κατείχε ήταν από τους υψηλότερους αξιωματούχους του Αυτοκράτορα· κρατούσε το Αυτοκρατορικό μελανοδοχείο (και την πένα), που λεγόταν κανίκλειον και ήταν υπεύθυνος γι' αυτό. Το αξίωμα εμφανίζεται για πρώτη φορά τον 9ο αιώνα και κατατασσόταν στα ειδικά αξιώματα σύμφωνα με το . Ο επί του κανικλείου είχε το Αυτοκρατορικό μελανοδοχείο με την πορφυρή μελάνη (κιννάβαριν) και επικύρωνε τα Αυτοκρατορικά έγραφα, ενώ είχε και νομικές αρμοδιότητες. (el) The kanikleios (Greek: κανίκλειος), more formally chartoularios tou kanikleiou or epi tou kanikleiou (Greek: [χαρτουλάριος] ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου) was one of the most senior offices in the Byzantine imperial chancery. Its holder was the keeper of the imperial inkstand, the kanikleion, which was shaped as a little dog (Latin: canicula) and contained the scarlet ink with which the Byzantine emperor signed state documents. The office first appears in the 9th century, and was usually held in tandem with other government offices. In the Kletorologion of 899 it is ranked among the "special dignities" (ἀξίαι εἰδικαί, axiai eidikai), following the synkellos and preceding the protostrator. In the overall order of precedence, he ranked behind the chartoularios tou vestiariou and before the protostrator (en) Il kanikleios (in lingua greca κανίκλειος), più formalmente chartoularios tou kanikleiou o epi tou kanikleiou uno degli uffici più elevati della aristocrazia nell'impero bizantino. Il suo detentore era il depositario del calamaio, il kanikleion, a forma di piccolo cane (in lingua latina canicula) che conteneva l'inchiostro rosso con il quale l'imperatore firmava gli atti di Stato. L'incarico fece la sua prima apparizione nel IX secolo, ed era solitamente abbinato ad altre incombenze. (it) Caníclio (em grego: κανίκλειος; romaniz.: Kanikleios), mais formalmente chamado cartulário do caníclio/canícula (em grego: χαρτουλαριος του κανικλειου; romaniz.: chartoularios tou kanikleiou) ou guarda do caníclio/canícula (em grego: ἐπὶ τοῦ κανικλείου; romaniz.: epi tou kanikleiou), foi um dos ofícios mais importantes da chancelaria imperial bizantina. Seu titular foi o guardião do tinteiro imperial, o caníclio (em grego: κανικλείον; romaniz.: kanikleion), que tinha a forma dum cão pequeno (em latim: canicula) e continha a tinta escarlate com a qual o imperador assinaram documentos de Estado. O ofício primeiramente apareceu no século IX, e foi geralmente realizado em conjunto com outros ofícios do governo. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Κανίκλειος (el) Kanikleios (fr) Kanikleios (en) Kanikleios (it) Caníclio (pt) |
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