Khalkha Mongolian (original) (raw)
Le khalkha (mongol : ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ, cyrillique : халхын салбар аялгуу, MNS : khalkhyn salbar ayalguu ou mongol : ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ, cyrillique : халх аялгуу, MNS : khalkh ayalguu) est le dialecte de la langue mongole des Mongols khalkhas, habitant majoritaire de la Mongolie (autrefois appelée Mongolie-Extérieure). C'est également le dialecte mongol officiel de Mongolie.
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| dbo:abstract | The Khalkha dialect (Mongolian: Халх аялгуу / Halh ayalguu / ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ, [χaɬχ ajɮˈɢʊː]) is a dialect of central Mongolic widely spoken in Mongolia. According to some classifications, the Khalkha dialect includes Southern Mongolian varieties such as Shiliin gol, Ulaanchab and Sönid. As it was the basis for the Cyrillic orthography of Mongolian, it is de facto the national language of Mongolia. The name of the dialect is related to the name of the Khalkha Mongols and the Khalkha river. There are certain differences between normative (standardised form of Khalkha) and spoken Khalkha. For example, the normative language uses proximal demonstratives based on the word stem ʉː/n- (except for the nominative in [i̠n] and the accusative which takes the stem ʉːn-) and thus exhibits the same developmental tendency as exhibited by Oirat. On the other hand, the spoken language also makes use of paradigms that are based on the stems inʉːn- and inĕn-. This seems to agree with the use in Chakhar Mongolian. The same holds for the distal demonstrative /tir/. Khalkha may roughly be divided into Northern and Southern Khalkha, which would include Sönid etc. Both varieties share affricate depalatalization, namely, /tʃ/ > /ts/ and /tʃʰ/ > /tsʰ/ except before *i, while Southern Khalkha patterns with Chakhar and Ordos Mongolian in that it exhibits a dissimilating deaspiration; e.g. *tʰatʰa > /tatʰ/. However, Mongolian scholars more often hold that the border between Khalkha and Chakhar is the border between the Mongolian state and the Chakhar area of South Mongolia. Especially in the speech of younger speakers, /p/ (or /w/) > [ɸ] may take place, as in Written Mongolian qabtasu > Sünid [ɢaptʰǎs] ~ [ɢaɸtʰǎs] 'cover (of a book)'. One of the classifications of Khalkha dialect in Mongolia divides it into 3 subdialects: Central, Western and Eastern. The orthography of the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet is essentially based on the Central Khalkha dialect. Among the main differences is the pronunciation of initial letter х in feminine words which is in Central Khalkha pronounced as it is written, in Western Khalkha as h, and in Eastern Khalkha as g; e.g. хөтөл hötöl (Central Khalkha), көтөл kötöl (Western Khalkha), гөтөл götöl (Eastern Khalkha). The initial letter х is pronounced in masculine words in Western Khalkha as /h/ (almost not heard) if the following consonant is voiceless, and is pronounced as /ɢ/ (and devoiced to /q/) in Eastern Khalkha; e.g. хутга hutga [ˈχo̙tʰɵ̙q] (Central Khalkha), hутага hutaga [ˈhʊtʰəɣ] (Western Khalkha), гутага gutaga [ˈɢʊtʰəq] (Eastern Khalkha). Initial /tʰ/ is unaspirated in Eastern Khalkha; e.g. талх talh [tʰaɬχ] (Central Khalkha), талқ talq [tʰaɬq] (Western Khalkha), далх dalh [taɬχ] (Eastern Khalkha). (en) Le khalkha (mongol : ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ, cyrillique : халхын салбар аялгуу, MNS : khalkhyn salbar ayalguu ou mongol : ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ, cyrillique : халх аялгуу, MNS : khalkh ayalguu) est le dialecte de la langue mongole des Mongols khalkhas, habitant majoritaire de la Mongolie (autrefois appelée Mongolie-Extérieure). C'est également le dialecte mongol officiel de Mongolie. (fr) Khalkha, eller chalch (Халх; [χɑɬχ]), är en dialekt av mongoliska som talas av omkring 2,3 miljoner människor. Den är standardspråk i Mongoliet och används av majoriteten (70-85%) av invånarna. Khalkha har en nordlig och en sydlig variant, där den nordliga är den som talas i Ulan Bator. Khalkha kan också benämna de mongoler som talar denna dialekt. (sv) 喀尔喀蒙古语（传统蒙古文： ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ，Qalq-a ayalγu，蒙古语西里尔字母：Халх аялгуу，Khalkh ayalguu，χɑɮχ ɑjɮ.ɢʊː），指的是蒙古國的唯一官方標準語言，亦是全球蒙古民族最通用的蒙古语族方言。 (zh) |
| dbo:iso6393Code | khk |
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| dbo:spokenIn | dbr:Mongolia |
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| dbp:date | 2010 (xsd:integer) |
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| dbp:glotto | halh1238 (en) |
| dbp:glottorefname | Halh Mongolian (en) |
| dbp:iso | khk (en) |
| dbp:isoexception | dialect (en) |
| dbp:name | Khalkha (en) |
| dbp:region | dbr:Mongolia |
| dbp:speakers | 3000000 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:states | dbr:Mongolia |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Agglutinative_languages dbc:Central_Mongolic_languages |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing dbo:Language schema:Language wikidata:Q315 yago:WikicatMongolicLanguages yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Communication100033020 yago:Language106282651 yago:WikicatAgglutinativeLanguages |
| rdfs:comment | Le khalkha (mongol : ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ, cyrillique : халхын салбар аялгуу, MNS : khalkhyn salbar ayalguu ou mongol : ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ, cyrillique : халх аялгуу, MNS : khalkh ayalguu) est le dialecte de la langue mongole des Mongols khalkhas, habitant majoritaire de la Mongolie (autrefois appelée Mongolie-Extérieure). C'est également le dialecte mongol officiel de Mongolie. (fr) Khalkha, eller chalch (Халх; [χɑɬχ]), är en dialekt av mongoliska som talas av omkring 2,3 miljoner människor. Den är standardspråk i Mongoliet och används av majoriteten (70-85%) av invånarna. Khalkha har en nordlig och en sydlig variant, där den nordliga är den som talas i Ulan Bator. Khalkha kan också benämna de mongoler som talar denna dialekt. (sv) 喀尔喀蒙古语（传统蒙古文： ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ，Qalq-a ayalγu，蒙古语西里尔字母：Халх аялгуу，Khalkh ayalguu，χɑɮχ ɑjɮ.ɢʊː），指的是蒙古國的唯一官方標準語言，亦是全球蒙古民族最通用的蒙古语族方言。 (zh) The Khalkha dialect (Mongolian: Халх аялгуу / Halh ayalguu / ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ, [χaɬχ ajɮˈɢʊː]) is a dialect of central Mongolic widely spoken in Mongolia. According to some classifications, the Khalkha dialect includes Southern Mongolian varieties such as Shiliin gol, Ulaanchab and Sönid. As it was the basis for the Cyrillic orthography of Mongolian, it is de facto the national language of Mongolia. The name of the dialect is related to the name of the Khalkha Mongols and the Khalkha river. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Chalcha-Mongolisch (de) Khalkha (fr) Khalkha Mongolian (en) Khalkha (dialekt) (sv) 喀尔喀蒙古语 (zh) |
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| foaf:name | Khalkha (en) |
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