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الفدرالية المزدوجة، والتي تُعرف كذلك باسم فدرالية كعكة الطبقات، أو السيادة المقسمة، هي صيغة سياسية يُلجأ فيها إلى تقاسُم السلطات بين الحكومة الفدرالية وحكومات الولايات بشروط واضحة المعالم، إذ تمارس حكومات الولايات السلطاتِ الممنوحة لها دون أيّ تدخل من الحكومة الفدرالية. وتُعرّف الفدرالية المزدوجة بوصفها نقيضًا للفدرالية التعاونية ("فدرالية الكعكة المرخّمة")، والتي تتعاون بموجبها الحكومة الفدرالية وحكومات الولايات في السياسة. (ar) Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government. Dual federalism is defined in contrast to cooperative federalism ("marble-cake federalism"), in which federal and state governments collaborate on policy. (en) |
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http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic/%3Fverb=sr&csi=7359&sr=TITLE(THE+COMMERCE+CLAUSE+AND+THE+MYTH+OF+DUAL+FEDERALISM.)+and+date+is+August+1%2C+2007 http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/294844 https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol35/iss1/1/ http://casgroup.fiu.edu/pages/docs/1088/1336164327_Federalism_in_Latin_America.pdf |
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الفدرالية المزدوجة، والتي تُعرف كذلك باسم فدرالية كعكة الطبقات، أو السيادة المقسمة، هي صيغة سياسية يُلجأ فيها إلى تقاسُم السلطات بين الحكومة الفدرالية وحكومات الولايات بشروط واضحة المعالم، إذ تمارس حكومات الولايات السلطاتِ الممنوحة لها دون أيّ تدخل من الحكومة الفدرالية. وتُعرّف الفدرالية المزدوجة بوصفها نقيضًا للفدرالية التعاونية ("فدرالية الكعكة المرخّمة")، والتي تتعاون بموجبها الحكومة الفدرالية وحكومات الولايات في السياسة. (ar) Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government. Dual federalism is defined in contrast to cooperative federalism ("marble-cake federalism"), in which federal and state governments collaborate on policy. (en) |
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فدرالية مزدوجة (ar) Dual federalism (en) |
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