Safety-critical system (original) (raw)
Un système critique est un système dont la panne peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques, comme des morts ou des blessés graves, des dégâts matériels importants, ou des conséquences graves pour l'environnement. L'analyse des systèmes critiques ne se limite pas à celle que permet, aujourd'hui de plus en plus, l'informatique de contrôle des processus, fussent-ils mécaniques ou humains.
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| dbo:abstract | Un système critique est un système dont la panne peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques, comme des morts ou des blessés graves, des dégâts matériels importants, ou des conséquences graves pour l'environnement. L'analyse des systèmes critiques ne se limite pas à celle que permet, aujourd'hui de plus en plus, l'informatique de contrôle des processus, fussent-ils mécaniques ou humains. (fr) A safety-critical system (SCS) or life-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction may result in one (or more) of the following outcomes: * death or serious injury to people * loss or severe damage to equipment/property * environmental harm A safety-related system (or sometimes safety-involved system) comprises everything (hardware, software, and human aspects) needed to perform one or more safety functions, in which failure would cause a significant increase in the safety risk for the people or environment involved. Safety-related systems are those that do not have full responsibility for controlling hazards such as loss of life, severe injury or severe environmental damage. The malfunction of a safety-involved system would only be that hazardous in conjunction with the failure of other systems or human error. Some safety organizations provide guidance on safety-related systems, for example the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in the United Kingdom. Risks of this sort are usually managed with the methods and tools of safety engineering. A safety-critical system is designed to lose less than one life per billion (109) hours of operation. Typical design methods include probabilistic risk assessment, a method that combines failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) with fault tree analysis. Safety-critical systems are increasingly computer-based. (en) Un sistema critico (dall'inglese critical system) è un generico sistema che, in caso di mancato funzionamento, può provocare danni inaccettabili. Essi si distinguono tra sistemi critici per la sicurezza e sistemi critici per la missione, meglio noti con i loro rispettivi termini inglesi safety-critical e mission-critical. L'ingegneria della sicurezza e l'ingegneria dell'affidabilità sono la branche dell'ingegneria che si occupano della coordinazione delle attività di progettazione di questi sistemi. Un sistema critico per la sicurezza è definito come un sistema il cui fallimento può portare a: * morte o ferimento di persone * perdita o grave danneggiamento di mezzi e impianti di particolare valore * gravi danni ambientali. Esempi di questi sistemi includono dispositivi medici, sistemi avionici, razzi o missili, impianti nucleari. Un sistema critico per la missione è definito come un sistema il cui fallimento può causare danni economici potenzialmente irreparabili per l'azienda che produce e/o usa il sistema. Un esempio di questi sistemi sono i satelliti artificiali o i sistemi bancari. (it) 生命攸關系統（life-critical system）或安全攸關系統（safety-critical system）也稱為生命關鍵系統或安全關鍵系統，是指若系統失效或誤動作，會產生以下後果的系統： * 人員重傷或死亡，或者 * 設備的嚴重毀損，或者 * 環境的危害 這類的風險一般會配合安全工程的工具進行管理。生命攸關系統一般會設計在失效率小於10-9 1/h的條件下。常用的設計工具包括，是一種結合失效模式與影響分析（FMEA）及故障樹分析的技術。越來越多的安全攸關系統是基于電腦的系統。 (zh) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://shemesh.larc.nasa.gov/fm/fm-why-def-life-critical.html http://www.iasa.com.au/folders/RoboLander_files/AutolandFailmodes.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20070426012627/http:/vl.fmnet.info/safety/ |
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| dbp:footer | Examples of safety-critical systems. From left to right, top to bottom: the glass cockpit of a C-141, a pacemaker, the Space Shuttle and the control room of a nuclear power plant. (en) |
| dbp:image | C-141C Glass Cockpit Upgrade.JPEG (en) OPT_IVs_Leads_Ruler_IMG_2164.jpg (en) STS120LaunchHiRes-edit1.jpg (en) RIAN archive 342604 The Novovoronezh nuclear power plant.jpg (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Un système critique est un système dont la panne peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques, comme des morts ou des blessés graves, des dégâts matériels importants, ou des conséquences graves pour l'environnement. L'analyse des systèmes critiques ne se limite pas à celle que permet, aujourd'hui de plus en plus, l'informatique de contrôle des processus, fussent-ils mécaniques ou humains. (fr) 生命攸關系統（life-critical system）或安全攸關系統（safety-critical system）也稱為生命關鍵系統或安全關鍵系統，是指若系統失效或誤動作，會產生以下後果的系統： * 人員重傷或死亡，或者 * 設備的嚴重毀損，或者 * 環境的危害 這類的風險一般會配合安全工程的工具進行管理。生命攸關系統一般會設計在失效率小於10-9 1/h的條件下。常用的設計工具包括，是一種結合失效模式與影響分析（FMEA）及故障樹分析的技術。越來越多的安全攸關系統是基于電腦的系統。 (zh) A safety-critical system (SCS) or life-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction may result in one (or more) of the following outcomes: * death or serious injury to people * loss or severe damage to equipment/property * environmental harm (en) Un sistema critico (dall'inglese critical system) è un generico sistema che, in caso di mancato funzionamento, può provocare danni inaccettabili. Essi si distinguono tra sistemi critici per la sicurezza e sistemi critici per la missione, meglio noti con i loro rispettivi termini inglesi safety-critical e mission-critical. L'ingegneria della sicurezza e l'ingegneria dell'affidabilità sono la branche dell'ingegneria che si occupano della coordinazione delle attività di progettazione di questi sistemi. Un sistema critico per la sicurezza è definito come un sistema il cui fallimento può portare a: (it) |
| rdfs:label | Système critique (fr) Sistema critico (it) Safety-critical system (en) 生命攸關系統 (zh) |
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