List of games that Buddha would not play (original) (raw)
A lista budista de jogos é uma lista de jogos que o Buda Gautama teria dito que ele não jogaria e que seus discípulos também não deveriam jogar, porque ele acreditava que eles eram uma 'causa para negligência'. Esta lista data do século VI ou V a.C. e é a lista de jogos mais antiga conhecida.
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| dbo:abstract | The Buddhist games list is a list of games that Gautama Buddha is reputed to have said that he would not play and that his disciples should likewise not play, because he believed them to be a 'cause for negligence'. This list dates from the 6th or 5th century BC and is the earliest known list of games. There is some debate about the translation of some of the games mentioned, and the list given here is based on the translation by T. W. Rhys Davids of the Brahmajāla Sutta and is in the same order given in the original. The list is duplicated in a number of other early Buddhist texts, including the Vinaya Pitaka. 1. * Games on boards with 8 or 10 rows. This is thought to refer to ashtapada and dasapada respectively, but later Sinhala commentaries refer to these boards also being used with games involving dice. 2. * The same games played on imaginary boards. Akasam astapadam was an ashtapada variant played with no board, literally "astapadam played in the sky". A correspondent in the American Chess Bulletin identifies this as likely the earliest literary mention of a blindfold chess variant. 3. * Games of marking diagrams on the floor such that the player can only walk on certain places. This is described in the Vinaya Pitaka as "having drawn a circle with various lines on the ground, there they play avoiding the line to be avoided". Rhys Davids suggests that it may refer to parihāra-patham, a form of hop-scotch. 4. * Games where players either remove pieces from a pile or add pieces to it, with the loser being the one who causes the heap to shake (similar to the modern game pick-up sticks). 5. * Games of throwing dice. 6. * "Dipping the hand with the fingers stretched out in lac, or red dye, or flour-water, and striking the wet hand on the ground or on a wall, calling out 'What shall it be?' and showing the form required—elephants, horses, &c." 7. * Ball games. 8. * Blowing through a pat-kulal, a toy pipe made of leaves. 9. * Ploughing with a toy plough. 10. * Playing with toy windmills made from palm leaves. 11. * Playing with toy measures made from palm leaves. 12. * Playing with toy carts. 13. * Playing with toy bows. 14. * Guessing at letters traced with the finger in the air or on a friend's back. (letters in the Brahmi script) 15. * Guessing a friend's thoughts. 16. * Imitating deformities. Although the modern game of chess had not been invented at the time the list was made, earlier chess-like games such as chaturaji may have existed. H. J. R. Murray refers to Rhys Davids' 1899 translation, noting that the 8×8 board game is most likely ashtapada while the 10×10 game is dasapada. He states that both are race games. (en) Daftar permainan Buddha adalah sebuah daftar permainan yang dikatakan tak akan dimainkan oleh Buddha Gautama dan dilarang dimainkan oleh para muridnya, karena diyakini bersifat makruh. Daftar ini berasal dari abad ke-6 atau ke-5 SM dan merupakan daftar permainan terawal yang diketahui. Terdapat beberapa soal terjemahan dari beberapa permainan yang disebutkan, dan daftar yang diberikan disini berdasarkan pada terjemahan karya dari dan berada dalam rangkaian yang sama dengan yang diberikan pada karya aslinya. Daftar tersebut disadur ke dalam sejumlah teks Buddha awal lainnya, yang meliputi Vinaya Pitaka. 1. * Permainan papan dengan 8 atau 10 baris. Ini mungkin merujuk kepada dan , namun para penafsir Sinhala menyatakan bahwa istilah permainan papan tersebut juga dipakai untuk merujuk kepada permainan yang memakaia dadu. 2. * Permainan yang sama yang dimainkan di atas papan imajiner. Akasam astapadam adalah sebuah ragam ashtapada yang dimainkan tanpa papan, yang secara harfiah memiliki arti "astapadam yang dimainkan di langit". Seorang koresponden dalam mengidentifikasikan permainan tersebut sebagai penyebutan tertulis terawal dari sebuah ragam catur buta. 3. * Permainan menandai diagram di atas lantai dimana pemain hanya dapat berjalan pada bidang tertentu. Ini disebutkan dalam Vinaya Pitaka sebagai "menggambar lingkaran dengan berbagai garis di tanah, dimana pemain harus menghidari garis yang digambari". Rhys Davids menyatakan bahwa ini merujuk kepada parihāra-patham, sebuah jenis dari engklek. 4. * Permainan dimana para pemain melepaskan potongan-potongan dari sebuah tumpukan atau menambahkan potongan kepada tumpukan tersebut, dengan pemain yang kalah adalah orang yang membuat tumpukan tersebut menjadi ambruk. 5. * Permainan melempar dadu. 6. * "Mencelupkan tangan dengan jari ke dalam pewarna, atau air lantai, dan menempatkan tangan yang basah di atas tanah atau dinding, dan berkata 'Apa yang akan terjadi?' dan memunculkan bentuk yang mirip gajah, kuda, dll" 7. * . 8. * Meniupkan pat-kulal, sebuah pipa mainan yang terbuat dari daun. 9. * Membajak dengan bajak mainan. 10. * Memainkan kincir angin mainan yang terbuat dari . 11. * Memainkan pengukuran mainan yang terbuat dari daun palem. 12. * Bermain dengan kereta-keretaan. 13. * Bermain dengan busur mainan. 14. * Menebak huruf-huruf yang dibentuk dengan jari di udara atau punggung teman. 15. * Menembak pikiran teman. 16. * Meniru kelainan bentuk. Meskipun permainan catur modern belum diciptakan pada masa daftar tersebut dibuat, permainan-permainan mirip catur pada masa sebelumnya seperti telah ada. Menyoal terjemahan tahun 1899 dari Rhys Davids, menyatakan bahwa permainan papan 8x8 tampaknya adalah , sementara permainan papan 10×10 merujuk kepada . Ia menyatakan bahwa keduanya adalah . (in) La liste des jeux Bouddhistes est une liste de jeux pour lesquels Gautama Bouddha aurait déclaré ne pas vouloir y jouer et auxquels ses disciples ne devraient pas jouer non plus, car il croyait qu'ils étaient une « cause de négligence ». Cette liste date des VIe et Ve siècles av. J.-C. et est la plus ancienne version connue de la liste de jeux. Il y a débat à propos de la traduction de certains des jeux mentionnés, et la liste donnée ici est basée sur la traduction de la Brahmajāla Sutta effectuée par T. W. Rhys Davids et est présentée dans le même ordre que l'original. La liste est reproduite dans un certain nombre d'autres textes bouddhiques anciens, y compris le Vinaya Pitaka. (fr) A lista budista de jogos é uma lista de jogos que o Buda Gautama teria dito que ele não jogaria e que seus discípulos também não deveriam jogar, porque ele acreditava que eles eram uma 'causa para negligência'. Esta lista data do século VI ou V a.C. e é a lista de jogos mais antiga conhecida. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | A lista budista de jogos é uma lista de jogos que o Buda Gautama teria dito que ele não jogaria e que seus discípulos também não deveriam jogar, porque ele acreditava que eles eram uma 'causa para negligência'. Esta lista data do século VI ou V a.C. e é a lista de jogos mais antiga conhecida. (pt) The Buddhist games list is a list of games that Gautama Buddha is reputed to have said that he would not play and that his disciples should likewise not play, because he believed them to be a 'cause for negligence'. This list dates from the 6th or 5th century BC and is the earliest known list of games. (en) Daftar permainan Buddha adalah sebuah daftar permainan yang dikatakan tak akan dimainkan oleh Buddha Gautama dan dilarang dimainkan oleh para muridnya, karena diyakini bersifat makruh. Daftar ini berasal dari abad ke-6 atau ke-5 SM dan merupakan daftar permainan terawal yang diketahui. (in) La liste des jeux Bouddhistes est une liste de jeux pour lesquels Gautama Bouddha aurait déclaré ne pas vouloir y jouer et auxquels ses disciples ne devraient pas jouer non plus, car il croyait qu'ils étaient une « cause de négligence ». Cette liste date des VIe et Ve siècles av. J.-C. et est la plus ancienne version connue de la liste de jeux. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Daftar permainan yang tidak akan dimainkan oleh Sang Buddha (in) Liste de jeux auxquels Bouddha n'aurait pas joué (fr) List of games that Buddha would not play (en) Lista de jogos que Buda desaprovava (pt) |
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