List of ironclad warships of Austria-Hungary (original) (raw)
奥匈帝国铁甲舰列表收录所有奥地利海军以及后期奥匈帝国海军建造、服役的铁甲舰。为了与意大利皇家海军进行军备竞赛，奥地利海军建造了一系列军舰。这其中包括其第一代铁甲舰，这一批铁甲舰全都为船旁列炮铁甲舰。包括德拉赫级两舰：和，马克斯皇帝级的、和，以及费迪南·马克斯大公级下的和。这七艘铁甲舰组成了奥地利海军舰队的核心并在1866年的利萨海战中击败了意大利皇家海军。 在这次海战中因指挥官威廉·冯·特格特霍夫对撞击战术的成功使用，使得奥匈帝国新的铁甲舰设计改为易于向前后方向开火的。这其中就包括、、和重新改装后的。这些舰只此后没有参与重大的军事活动并逐渐被淘汰出作战序列。而在特格特霍夫去世后，其接替者艰难地设法从议会获得了一些资金以用旧马克斯皇帝级的部分零部件重建了三艘新的马克斯皇帝级铁甲舰：、和。此外还在1876年新建了一艘。露炮台舰最终在卸任后才开始建造，这也是奥匈帝国首艘采用组合装甲的主力舰。接替波克上任的也借重建旧舰只的名义建造了。 这些舰只部分在19世纪末被报废拆解，部分在一战结束后因奥匈帝国的战败而被作为战争赔偿转交给战胜国并在1920年代前后被报废拆除，仅有“阿尔布莱希特大公”号一直留在意大利海军中服役至二战结束后。
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| dbo:abstract | Between the 1860s and the 1880s, the Austro-Hungarian Navy acquired a fleet of seventeen ironclad warships, including broadside ironclads, central battery ships and barbette ships. The first generation of ships, the seven broadside ironclads of the Drache, Kaiser Max and Erzherzog Ferdinand Max classes, formed the core of the Austrian fleet that was involved in an ironclad arms race with Italy in the 1860s and defeated the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) at the Battle of Lissa in July 1866. The Austrian commander, Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, used ramming tactics to win the battle, which influenced the second generation of ironclads that he ordered in the late 1860s and early 1870s. These ships—Lissa, Custoza, Erzherzog Albrecht and the rebuilt ship of the line Kaiser—were central battery ships; this placed an emphasis on end-on fire capabilities, a necessity for ramming attacks since broadside guns could not be brought to bear when ramming. Following Tegetthoff's death in 1871, Friedrich von Pöck succeeded him as the head of the Austro-Hungarian Navy; Pöck lacked Tegetthoff's prestige and had great difficulty in securing funds from the Austro-Hungarian parliament for new ironclads. Pöck resorted to subterfuge to build the three Kaiser Max-class ironclads in the mid-1870s, ostensibly as simple reconstructions of the earlier vessels of the same names but little material was reused in the new ships. Pöck gained parliamentary approval for two new vessels, the center battery ship Tegetthoff in 1876 and the barbette ship Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf in 1881. Pöck's successor, Maximilian Daublebsky von Sterneck, used the same ruse to acquire funding for the barbette ship Kronprinzessin Erzherzogin Stephanie, using funds supposedly devoted to rebuilding Erzherzog Ferdinand Max to build the new ship. None of the second generation of Austro-Hungarian ironclads saw significant activity, owing to meager naval budgets, which precluded much active use throughout the late 19th century. By the early 1900s, the ships still in the navy's inventory had been reduced to secondary duties such as harbor defense or training exercises, with just Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf operational, serving as a guard ship. She was the only Austro-Hungarian ironclad in service during World War I, though she saw no action. After the war, most of the ships were surrendered to Italy as war prizes, though Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf and Kaiser Max were awarded to the Royal Yugoslav Navy. Most of the surrendered vessels were broken up in the 1920s, though Erzherzog Albrecht, having been converted into a barracks ship, remained in the Italian Navy inventory until 1950. (en) 奥匈帝国铁甲舰列表收录所有奥地利海军以及后期奥匈帝国海军建造、服役的铁甲舰。为了与意大利皇家海军进行军备竞赛，奥地利海军建造了一系列军舰。这其中包括其第一代铁甲舰，这一批铁甲舰全都为船旁列炮铁甲舰。包括德拉赫级两舰：和，马克斯皇帝级的、和，以及费迪南·马克斯大公级下的和。这七艘铁甲舰组成了奥地利海军舰队的核心并在1866年的利萨海战中击败了意大利皇家海军。 在这次海战中因指挥官威廉·冯·特格特霍夫对撞击战术的成功使用，使得奥匈帝国新的铁甲舰设计改为易于向前后方向开火的。这其中就包括、、和重新改装后的。这些舰只此后没有参与重大的军事活动并逐渐被淘汰出作战序列。而在特格特霍夫去世后，其接替者艰难地设法从议会获得了一些资金以用旧马克斯皇帝级的部分零部件重建了三艘新的马克斯皇帝级铁甲舰：、和。此外还在1876年新建了一艘。露炮台舰最终在卸任后才开始建造，这也是奥匈帝国首艘采用组合装甲的主力舰。接替波克上任的也借重建旧舰只的名义建造了。 这些舰只部分在19世纪末被报废拆解，部分在一战结束后因奥匈帝国的战败而被作为战争赔偿转交给战胜国并在1920年代前后被报废拆除，仅有“阿尔布莱希特大公”号一直留在意大利海军中服役至二战结束后。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | 奥匈帝国铁甲舰列表收录所有奥地利海军以及后期奥匈帝国海军建造、服役的铁甲舰。为了与意大利皇家海军进行军备竞赛，奥地利海军建造了一系列军舰。这其中包括其第一代铁甲舰，这一批铁甲舰全都为船旁列炮铁甲舰。包括德拉赫级两舰：和，马克斯皇帝级的、和，以及费迪南·马克斯大公级下的和。这七艘铁甲舰组成了奥地利海军舰队的核心并在1866年的利萨海战中击败了意大利皇家海军。 在这次海战中因指挥官威廉·冯·特格特霍夫对撞击战术的成功使用，使得奥匈帝国新的铁甲舰设计改为易于向前后方向开火的。这其中就包括、、和重新改装后的。这些舰只此后没有参与重大的军事活动并逐渐被淘汰出作战序列。而在特格特霍夫去世后，其接替者艰难地设法从议会获得了一些资金以用旧马克斯皇帝级的部分零部件重建了三艘新的马克斯皇帝级铁甲舰：、和。此外还在1876年新建了一艘。露炮台舰最终在卸任后才开始建造，这也是奥匈帝国首艘采用组合装甲的主力舰。接替波克上任的也借重建旧舰只的名义建造了。 这些舰只部分在19世纪末被报废拆解，部分在一战结束后因奥匈帝国的战败而被作为战争赔偿转交给战胜国并在1920年代前后被报废拆除，仅有“阿尔布莱希特大公”号一直留在意大利海军中服役至二战结束后。 (zh) Between the 1860s and the 1880s, the Austro-Hungarian Navy acquired a fleet of seventeen ironclad warships, including broadside ironclads, central battery ships and barbette ships. The first generation of ships, the seven broadside ironclads of the Drache, Kaiser Max and Erzherzog Ferdinand Max classes, formed the core of the Austrian fleet that was involved in an ironclad arms race with Italy in the 1860s and defeated the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) at the Battle of Lissa in July 1866. The Austrian commander, Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, used ramming tactics to win the battle, which influenced the second generation of ironclads that he ordered in the late 1860s and early 1870s. These ships—Lissa, Custoza, Erzherzog Albrecht and the rebuilt ship of the line Kaiser—were central battery (en) |
| rdfs:label | List of ironclad warships of Austria-Hungary (en) 奥匈帝国铁甲舰列表 (zh) |
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