Lumpers and splitters (original) (raw)

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Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example schools of literature, biological taxa and so on. A "lumper" is an individual who takes a gestalt view of a definition, and assigns examples broadly, assuming that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" is an individual who takes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways.

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dbo:abstract Lumper und Splitter sind zwei Bezeichnungen für die Vertreter gegensätzlicher Vorgehensweisen bei der Klassifizierung von Einzelfällen, die nach streng definierten Kategorien zugeordnet werden müssen. Lumper gehen davon aus, dass die Unterschiede zwischen den zu klassifizierenden Entitäten nicht so groß und nicht so bedeutsam sind wie die Gemeinsamkeiten und dulden daher eine relativ große Variationsbreite. Splitter hingegen legen enge Definitionen für ihre Kategorien fest und erstellen neue, zusätzliche Kategorien, wenn Einzelfälle den vorhandenen Definitionen nicht genügen. Lumper und Splitter sind aus zahlreichen Fachgebieten bekannt (siehe beispielsweise Amerindische Sprachen), sie werden häufig auch im Deutschen – mangels einer deutschsprachigen Entsprechung – mit diesen Bezeichnungen benannt. (de) Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example schools of literature, biological taxa and so on. A "lumper" is an individual who takes a gestalt view of a definition, and assigns examples broadly, assuming that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" is an individual who takes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways. (en) Agrupamiento y desglose (a veces por su expresión inglesa: lumping and splitting) es una expresión que se refiere al problema que surge en toda disciplina que tiene que ordenar ejemplos individuales en categorías rigurosamente definidas. El problema de agrupamiento y desglose surge cuando existe la necesidad de crear clasificaciones y asignar ejemplos en ellas, por ejemplo, escuelas de literatura o taxones biológicos. Un "agrupador" (inglés: "lumper") es un individuo que adopta una visión gestáltica de una definición, y asigna ejemplos en términos generales, en el supuesto de que las diferencias no son tan importantes como las similitudes características. Un "desglosador" (inglés: "splitter") es una persona que interpreta las definiciones en forma precisa, y crea nuevas categorías para clasificar aquellas muestras que difieren en aspectos fundamentales. (es) Lumpen en splitten (op een hoop te gooien en splitsen) zijn tegengestelde tendensen binnen een discipline om op basis van kleine verschillen wel of niet te categoriseren. Daarbij heeft een splitter een grotere voorkeur voor een nieuwe classificatie met een precieze definitie, terwijl een lumper deze eerder bij elkaar veegt. Een lumper let meer op overeenkomsten, terwijl een splitter de nadruk legt op . Een vroeg voorbeeld zou van Charles Darwin zijn die in 1857 aan Joseph Dalton Hooker schreef: Those who make many species are the 'splitters', and those who make few are the 'lumpers'. Het fenomeen komt echter niet alleen voor in de biologie, maar onder meer ook in de taalwetenschap, de geschiedschrijving, de medische wetenschap en de psychologie. (nl) 統合派與分割派(英語:Lumpers and splitters)是指在事物分類上的兩種不同原則。此問題經常發生在生物學上對生物類群的歸類,或是語言學上對語系、語言或方言的分類等領域。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example schools of literature, biological taxa and so on. A "lumper" is an individual who takes a gestalt view of a definition, and assigns examples broadly, assuming that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" is an individual who takes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways. (en) 統合派與分割派(英語:Lumpers and splitters)是指在事物分類上的兩種不同原則。此問題經常發生在生物學上對生物類群的歸類,或是語言學上對語系、語言或方言的分類等領域。 (zh) Lumper und Splitter sind zwei Bezeichnungen für die Vertreter gegensätzlicher Vorgehensweisen bei der Klassifizierung von Einzelfällen, die nach streng definierten Kategorien zugeordnet werden müssen. Lumper gehen davon aus, dass die Unterschiede zwischen den zu klassifizierenden Entitäten nicht so groß und nicht so bedeutsam sind wie die Gemeinsamkeiten und dulden daher eine relativ große Variationsbreite. Splitter hingegen legen enge Definitionen für ihre Kategorien fest und erstellen neue, zusätzliche Kategorien, wenn Einzelfälle den vorhandenen Definitionen nicht genügen. (de) Agrupamiento y desglose (a veces por su expresión inglesa: lumping and splitting) es una expresión que se refiere al problema que surge en toda disciplina que tiene que ordenar ejemplos individuales en categorías rigurosamente definidas. El problema de agrupamiento y desglose surge cuando existe la necesidad de crear clasificaciones y asignar ejemplos en ellas, por ejemplo, escuelas de literatura o taxones biológicos. Un "agrupador" (inglés: "lumper") es un individuo que adopta una visión gestáltica de una definición, y asigna ejemplos en términos generales, en el supuesto de que las diferencias no son tan importantes como las similitudes características. Un "desglosador" (inglés: "splitter") es una persona que interpreta las definiciones en forma precisa, y crea nuevas categorías para cl (es) Lumpen en splitten (op een hoop te gooien en splitsen) zijn tegengestelde tendensen binnen een discipline om op basis van kleine verschillen wel of niet te categoriseren. Daarbij heeft een splitter een grotere voorkeur voor een nieuwe classificatie met een precieze definitie, terwijl een lumper deze eerder bij elkaar veegt. Een lumper let meer op overeenkomsten, terwijl een splitter de nadruk legt op . (nl)
rdfs:label Lumper und Splitter (de) Agrupamiento y desglose (es) Lumpers and splitters (en) Lumpen en splitten (nl) 統合派與分割派 (zh)
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