Decompression theory (original) (raw)
Decompression theory is the study and modelling of the transfer of the inert gas component of breathing gases from the gas in the lungs to the tissues and back during exposure to variations in ambient pressure. In the case of underwater diving and compressed air work, this mostly involves ambient pressures greater than the local surface pressure, but astronauts, high altitude mountaineers, and travellers in aircraft which are not pressurised to sea level pressure, are generally exposed to ambient pressures less than standard sea level atmospheric pressure. In all cases, the symptoms caused by decompression occur during or within a relatively short period of hours, or occasionally days, after a significant pressure reduction.
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| dbo:abstract | La teoría de la descompresión es el estudio de la transferencia de los gases inertes que componen el gas que respiramos, los cuales son transferidos de los pulmones a los tejidos y viceversa ante cambios en la presión ambiente. En el caso del buceo recreativo, o el trabajo subacuático, la presión ambiental será mayor que la presión en la superficie, pero los astronautas, alpinistas y viajeros en aeronaves que no se presurizan a la presión del nivel del mar, están generalmente expuestos a presiones de ambiente inferior a la presión atmosférica o a la del nivel del mar estándar. En todos los casos, los síntomas causados por la descompresión se producen durante o dentro de un período relativamente corto de horas, en ocasiones tarda días, después de una reducción significativa de presión. El término "descompresión" deriva de la reducción de la presión ambiental experimentada por el organismo y se refiere tanto a la reducción de la presión y el proceso de permitir que los gases inertes sean disueltos o eliminados de los tejidos durante y después de la reducción de la presión. La absorción de gas por medio de los tejidos se define como un estado disuelto y la eliminación también requiere que el gas se disuelva, sin embargo, una reducción suficiente de la presión ambiental puede causar la formación de burbujas en los tejidos, lo cual puede conducir a daños en los tejidos y a síntomas que se conocen como enfermedad por descompresión, y también retrasa la eliminación del gas. La teoría de la descompresión trata de explicar y predecir el mecanismo de eliminación de gases y la formación de burbujas en el organismo durante y después de los cambios en la presión ambiental, los modelos matemáticos intentan predecir los síntomas aceptablemente bajo riesgos y procedimientos factibles para deducir la descompresión en el campo, mismos modelos que actualmente se utilizan. (es) Decompression theory is the study and modelling of the transfer of the inert gas component of breathing gases from the gas in the lungs to the tissues and back during exposure to variations in ambient pressure. In the case of underwater diving and compressed air work, this mostly involves ambient pressures greater than the local surface pressure, but astronauts, high altitude mountaineers, and travellers in aircraft which are not pressurised to sea level pressure, are generally exposed to ambient pressures less than standard sea level atmospheric pressure. In all cases, the symptoms caused by decompression occur during or within a relatively short period of hours, or occasionally days, after a significant pressure reduction. The term "decompression" derives from the reduction in ambient pressure experienced by the organism and refers to both the reduction in pressure and the process of allowing dissolved inert gases to be eliminated from the tissues during and after this reduction in pressure. The uptake of gas by the tissues is in the dissolved state, and elimination also requires the gas to be dissolved, however a sufficient reduction in ambient pressure may cause bubble formation in the tissues, which can lead to tissue damage and the symptoms known as decompression sickness, and also delays the elimination of the gas. Decompression modeling attempts to explain and predict the mechanism of gas elimination and bubble formation within the organism during and after changes in ambient pressure, and provides mathematical models which attempt to predict acceptably low risk and reasonably practicable procedures for decompression in the field. Both deterministic and probabilistic models have been used, and are still in use. Efficient decompression requires the diver to ascend fast enough to establish as high a decompression gradient, in as many tissues, as safely possible, without provoking the development of symptomatic bubbles. This is facilitated by the highest acceptably safe oxygen partial pressure in the breathing gas, and avoiding gas changes that could cause counterdiffusion bubble formation or growth. The development of schedules that are both safe and efficient has been complicated by the large number of variables and uncertainties, including personal variation in response under varying environmental conditions and workload. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Decompression theory is the study and modelling of the transfer of the inert gas component of breathing gases from the gas in the lungs to the tissues and back during exposure to variations in ambient pressure. In the case of underwater diving and compressed air work, this mostly involves ambient pressures greater than the local surface pressure, but astronauts, high altitude mountaineers, and travellers in aircraft which are not pressurised to sea level pressure, are generally exposed to ambient pressures less than standard sea level atmospheric pressure. In all cases, the symptoms caused by decompression occur during or within a relatively short period of hours, or occasionally days, after a significant pressure reduction. (en) La teoría de la descompresión es el estudio de la transferencia de los gases inertes que componen el gas que respiramos, los cuales son transferidos de los pulmones a los tejidos y viceversa ante cambios en la presión ambiente. En el caso del buceo recreativo, o el trabajo subacuático, la presión ambiental será mayor que la presión en la superficie, pero los astronautas, alpinistas y viajeros en aeronaves que no se presurizan a la presión del nivel del mar, están generalmente expuestos a presiones de ambiente inferior a la presión atmosférica o a la del nivel del mar estándar. En todos los casos, los síntomas causados por la descompresión se producen durante o dentro de un período relativamente corto de horas, en ocasiones tarda días, después de una reducción significativa de presión. (es) |
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