| dbo:abstract |
Marine fungi are species of fungi that live in marine or estuarine environments. They are not a taxonomic group, but share a common habitat. Obligate marine fungi grow exclusively in the marine habitat while wholly or sporadically submerged in sea water. Facultative marine fungi normally occupy terrestrial or freshwater habitats, but are capable of living or even sporulating in a marine habitat. About 444 species of marine fungi have been described, including seven genera and ten species of basidiomycetes, and 177 genera and 360 species of ascomycetes. The remainder of the marine fungi are chytrids and mitosporic or asexual fungi. Many species of marine fungi are known only from spores and it is likely a large number of species have yet to be discovered. In fact, it is thought that less than 1% of all marine fungal species have been described, due to difficulty in targeting marine fungal DNA and difficulties that arise in attempting to grow cultures of marine fungi. It is impracticable to culture many of these fungi, but their nature can be investigated by examining seawater samples and undertaking rDNA analysis of the fungal material found. Different marine habitats support very different fungal communities. Fungi can be found in niches ranging from ocean depths and coastal waters to mangrove swamps and estuaries with low salinity levels. Marine fungi can be saprobic or parasitic on animals, saprobic or parasitic on algae, saprobic on plants or saprobic on dead wood. (en) Fungi laut adalah spesies fungi yang tinggal di lingkungan laut atau muara. Mereka bukanlah kelompok taksonomi, namun memiliki habitat yang sama. Fungi laut obligat hanya tumbuh di habitat laut, sementara fungi fakultatif biasanya menduduki habitat daratan atau air tawar. Sekitar 444 spesies dari fungi laut dideskripsikan, termasuk tujuh genera dan sepuluh spesies dari Basidiomycota, dan 177 genera dan 360 spesies dari Ascomycota. Fungi laut lainnya adalah fungi chytrid dan mitosporik. (in) Морські гриби — гриби, що зростають у воді, або на ґрунті у зоні прибою. Морські гриби мешкають також на морському дні, де вони становлять важливу частину морських екосистем. Дослідження ДНК показують, що гриби, вірогідно, є найбільш численними одноклітинними організмами морського дна. Гриби виявлені навіть у солоному Мертвому морі. (uk) 海洋真菌（marine fungi），或海生真菌，是生活在海洋或潮間帶中的真菌。海洋真菌並不是一個分類單元，而是泛指分屬於不同分類群，但生長環境均位於海洋或潮間帶的多種真菌。絕對海生真菌（obligate marine fungi）只生長於海洋中，其生活史全部或部分階段完全隱沒在海水之下，而兼性海生真菌（facultative marine fungi）則通常生長於陸地上或淡水中，但也有能力生長在海洋中，甚至在海洋中產生孢子繁殖。截至2013年，共有444種真菌被認為屬於海洋真菌，其中10種（分屬於7個屬）屬於擔子菌門，360種（分屬於177個屬）屬於子囊菌門，其他則屬於壺菌門或其他含有的低等真菌。有些海洋真菌只有孢子被發現，生長型態不明，且還有更多種生活在海洋中的真菌可能尚未被發現。許多海洋真菌難以在實驗室中培養，但可透過分析海水樣本中存在的rDNA序列以推知生活在海中的真菌種類。 不同的海洋棲地適合不同海洋真菌的生長，海洋真菌較少懸浮於海水中，多寄生於動植物，或在動植物的殘骸上行腐生生長。海洋真菌所生產的次級代謝物在工業與醫療上可能有很大的應用潛力，已有相關的抗癌藥物正在開發中，還有一種的子囊菌Ascochyta salicorniae生長在海藻上，其生產的一種次級代謝物可能有治療瘧疾的功效 (zh) |
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https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=1kE5OpuGp9YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22marine+fungi%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMt_nOn7bqAhXMyjgGHdu2CLgQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg%23v=onepage&q=%22marine%20fungi%22&f=false https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=RcF97cHppPsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22marine+fungi%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMt_nOn7bqAhXMyjgGHdu2CLgQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg%23v=onepage&q=%22marine%20fungi%22&f=false https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=V8CaDgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Fungi+in+Coastal+and+Oceanic+Marine+Ecosystems%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg0vX_nLbqAhUacCsKHe19AaUQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg%23v=onepage&q=%22Fungi%20in%20Coastal%20and%20Oceanic%20Marine%20Ecosystems%22&f=false |
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Annabella australiensis, a helotialean fungi found on the decaying wood of an Australian white mangrove (en) |
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Annabella australiensis.png (en) Avicennia marina - white mangrove .jpg (en) Littoraria irrorata.jpg (en) Spartinadensiflora.jpg (en) |
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| rdfs:comment |
Fungi laut adalah spesies fungi yang tinggal di lingkungan laut atau muara. Mereka bukanlah kelompok taksonomi, namun memiliki habitat yang sama. Fungi laut obligat hanya tumbuh di habitat laut, sementara fungi fakultatif biasanya menduduki habitat daratan atau air tawar. Sekitar 444 spesies dari fungi laut dideskripsikan, termasuk tujuh genera dan sepuluh spesies dari Basidiomycota, dan 177 genera dan 360 spesies dari Ascomycota. Fungi laut lainnya adalah fungi chytrid dan mitosporik. (in) Морські гриби — гриби, що зростають у воді, або на ґрунті у зоні прибою. Морські гриби мешкають також на морському дні, де вони становлять важливу частину морських екосистем. Дослідження ДНК показують, що гриби, вірогідно, є найбільш численними одноклітинними організмами морського дна. Гриби виявлені навіть у солоному Мертвому морі. (uk) 海洋真菌（marine fungi），或海生真菌，是生活在海洋或潮間帶中的真菌。海洋真菌並不是一個分類單元，而是泛指分屬於不同分類群，但生長環境均位於海洋或潮間帶的多種真菌。絕對海生真菌（obligate marine fungi）只生長於海洋中，其生活史全部或部分階段完全隱沒在海水之下，而兼性海生真菌（facultative marine fungi）則通常生長於陸地上或淡水中，但也有能力生長在海洋中，甚至在海洋中產生孢子繁殖。截至2013年，共有444種真菌被認為屬於海洋真菌，其中10種（分屬於7個屬）屬於擔子菌門，360種（分屬於177個屬）屬於子囊菌門，其他則屬於壺菌門或其他含有的低等真菌。有些海洋真菌只有孢子被發現，生長型態不明，且還有更多種生活在海洋中的真菌可能尚未被發現。許多海洋真菌難以在實驗室中培養，但可透過分析海水樣本中存在的rDNA序列以推知生活在海中的真菌種類。 不同的海洋棲地適合不同海洋真菌的生長，海洋真菌較少懸浮於海水中，多寄生於動植物，或在動植物的殘骸上行腐生生長。海洋真菌所生產的次級代謝物在工業與醫療上可能有很大的應用潛力，已有相關的抗癌藥物正在開發中，還有一種的子囊菌Ascochyta salicorniae生長在海藻上，其生產的一種次級代謝物可能有治療瘧疾的功效 (zh) Marine fungi are species of fungi that live in marine or estuarine environments. They are not a taxonomic group, but share a common habitat. Obligate marine fungi grow exclusively in the marine habitat while wholly or sporadically submerged in sea water. Facultative marine fungi normally occupy terrestrial or freshwater habitats, but are capable of living or even sporulating in a marine habitat. About 444 species of marine fungi have been described, including seven genera and ten species of basidiomycetes, and 177 genera and 360 species of ascomycetes. The remainder of the marine fungi are chytrids and mitosporic or asexual fungi. Many species of marine fungi are known only from spores and it is likely a large number of species have yet to be discovered. In fact, it is thought that less th (en) |
| rdfs:label |
Marine fungi (en) Fungi laut (in) 海洋真菌 (zh) Морські гриби (uk) |
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