McDonnell Douglas DC-X (original) (raw)
Le DC-X, abréviation pour Delta Clipper ou Delta Clipper Experimental, était un prototype de lanceur orbital monoétage non habité, à décollage et atterrissage vertical, réutilisable, construit par McDonnell Douglas en collaboration avec l'Initiative de défense stratégique du Département de la Défense des États-Unis de 1991 à 1993. Après cette période, il a été donné à la NASA, qui en a amélioré la conception pour une meilleure performance, créant le DC-XA. Le projet a été abandonné en 1997.
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| dbo:abstract | Der Delta Clipper oder auch DC-X (genaue Bezeichnung McDonnell Douglas DC-X) war ein verkleinerter, unbemannter Prototyp einer einstufigen, wiederverwendbaren Trägerrakete, gebaut von McDonnell Douglas im Auftrag der NASA, des US-Verteidigungsministeriums und der Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO). Das Fluggerät wurde von vier RL-10A5-Triebwerken angetrieben, die von den Triebwerken der Centaur-Oberstufe abgeleitet waren. Treibstoffe waren flüssiger Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff. Ein Prototyp führte 1993 bis 1995 acht Testflüge durch. Danach wurde der Prototyp in eine modifizierte Konfiguration, die als DC-XA oder auch als Clipper Graham bezeichnet wurde, umgebaut. DC-XA führte insgesamt vier Flüge durch, bei denen er eine Höhe von bis zu 2.500 Meter erreichte. Der Prototyp wurde bei seinem letzten Flug bei der Landung zerstört, als ein Landebein nicht ausgefahren wurde und das Gerät nach dem Aufsetzen umkippte und explodierte. Das Programm wurde daraufhin eingestellt. Viele ehemalige Mitarbeiter des DC-X Programms sind jetzt beim Projekt Blue Origin beschäftigt. Blue Origin ist ein privates Raumfahrtunternehmen, das vom Amazon-Gründer Jeff Bezos geleitet wird. (de) Delta Clipper o Delta Clipper Experimental, era el desarrollo final de un cohete, con el prototipo inicial llamado DC-X, posteriormente modificado y denominado DC-XA. Fue un prototipo experimental a escala de un tercio para el desarrollo final de un cohete de una sola etapa (SSTO) capaz de despegar y aterrizar en vertical de la compañía McDonnel Douglas para el gobierno de Estados Unidos desarrollado desde 1990 hasta 1996. El DC-X voló por primera vez el 18 de agosto de 1993 y fue el primer vehículo suborbital en lograr aterrizar en vertical. El programa finalizó tras un accidente y la cancelación de la financiación para reasignar a otros proyectos de la NASA como el . (es) Le DC-X, abréviation pour Delta Clipper ou Delta Clipper Experimental, était un prototype de lanceur orbital monoétage non habité, à décollage et atterrissage vertical, réutilisable, construit par McDonnell Douglas en collaboration avec l'Initiative de défense stratégique du Département de la Défense des États-Unis de 1991 à 1993. Après cette période, il a été donné à la NASA, qui en a amélioré la conception pour une meilleure performance, créant le DC-XA. Le projet a été abandonné en 1997. (fr) The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA. (en) DC-X, singkatan Delta Clipper atau Delta Clipper Eksperimental, adalah prototipe kendaraan peluncuran tak berawak satu tahap dapat digunakan kembali untuk mengorbit yang dibangun oleh McDonnell Douglas dalam hubungannya dengan United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) 1991-1993. Mulai 1994 sampai 1995, pengujian dilanjutkan melalui pendanaan dari badan antariksa sipil AS NASA. Pada tahun 1996, teknologi DC-X benar-benar ditransfer ke NASA, yang meng-upgrade desain untuk meningkatkan kinerja untuk menciptakan DC-XA. (in) DC-Xは、デルタクリッパーまたはデルタクリッパー・エクスペリメンタルと称される単段式の無人再使用型ロケット実験機である。マクドネル・ダグラス社とアメリカ国防総省の戦略防衛構想局 (SDIO) により開発され、1991年から1993年にかけて試験が行われた。1994年以降、DC-Xは軍からアメリカ航空宇宙局 (NASA) へと引き継がれ、より改良されたDC-XAへと更新された。 (ja) Il McDonnell Douglas DC-X, conosciuto anche come Delta Clipper-Experimental (DCX), costruito dalla McDonnell Douglas negli stabilimenti di Huntington Beach tra il 1991 e il 1993,doveva essere il modello in scala 1:3 di un razzo vettore riutilizzabile a unico stadio sviluppato dalla NASA e dal Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO). Nell'agosto del 1993 effettua il suo primo volo e ne completa tre quando la SDIO decide di interrompere il programma. Quando furono trovati finanziamenti aggiuntivi effettua altri cinque voli prima di essere rispedito a Huntington Beach per essere trasformato nel . Lo scopo del progetto non era quello di creare un vero e proprio vettore per alte orbite e velocità elevate, ma quello di dimostrare la possibilità di effettuare atterraggi verticali morbidi con un razzo riutilizzabile. La differenza tra il DC-X e gli altri razzi, infatti stava proprio nella capacità di effettuare tali atterraggi. Ora che il progetto è terminato, gli ingegneri della NASA non escludono che alcune innovazioni del Delta Clipper possano tornare attuali grazie alla necessità di un razzo simile per l'esplorazione di Marte. * MDT - fuso orario degli Stati Uniti Centrali * AOA - Angle of Attack (angolo d'attacco) (it) O Delta Clipper Experimental ou DC-X, foi um protótipo não-tripulado de um veículo lançador de um único estágio construído pela McDonnell Douglas. O DC-X foi construído numa escala de 1/3, e não foi projetado para atingir altitudes ou velocidades orbitais. Ao invés disso, ele estava destinado a demonstrar vários conceitos de voo, como o lançamento e pouso verticais. (pt) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.hobbyspace.com/Links/RLV/RLVHistory.html%23DCX http://www.jerrypournelle.com/reports/jerryp/gettospace.html http://www.jerrypournelle.com/slowchange/simages/dcxpic.html http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a265940.pdf http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/dc-x.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20021023123411/http:/media.armadilloaerospace.com/DCX/ https://web.archive.org/web/20121228125150/http:/www.astronautix.com/lvs/dcx.htm http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/x-33/dc-xa.htm http://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/x-33/dcx-facts.htm |
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| rdfs:comment | Le DC-X, abréviation pour Delta Clipper ou Delta Clipper Experimental, était un prototype de lanceur orbital monoétage non habité, à décollage et atterrissage vertical, réutilisable, construit par McDonnell Douglas en collaboration avec l'Initiative de défense stratégique du Département de la Défense des États-Unis de 1991 à 1993. Après cette période, il a été donné à la NASA, qui en a amélioré la conception pour une meilleure performance, créant le DC-XA. Le projet a été abandonné en 1997. (fr) The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA. (en) DC-X, singkatan Delta Clipper atau Delta Clipper Eksperimental, adalah prototipe kendaraan peluncuran tak berawak satu tahap dapat digunakan kembali untuk mengorbit yang dibangun oleh McDonnell Douglas dalam hubungannya dengan United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) 1991-1993. Mulai 1994 sampai 1995, pengujian dilanjutkan melalui pendanaan dari badan antariksa sipil AS NASA. Pada tahun 1996, teknologi DC-X benar-benar ditransfer ke NASA, yang meng-upgrade desain untuk meningkatkan kinerja untuk menciptakan DC-XA. (in) DC-Xは、デルタクリッパーまたはデルタクリッパー・エクスペリメンタルと称される単段式の無人再使用型ロケット実験機である。マクドネル・ダグラス社とアメリカ国防総省の戦略防衛構想局 (SDIO) により開発され、1991年から1993年にかけて試験が行われた。1994年以降、DC-Xは軍からアメリカ航空宇宙局 (NASA) へと引き継がれ、より改良されたDC-XAへと更新された。 (ja) O Delta Clipper Experimental ou DC-X, foi um protótipo não-tripulado de um veículo lançador de um único estágio construído pela McDonnell Douglas. O DC-X foi construído numa escala de 1/3, e não foi projetado para atingir altitudes ou velocidades orbitais. Ao invés disso, ele estava destinado a demonstrar vários conceitos de voo, como o lançamento e pouso verticais. (pt) Der Delta Clipper oder auch DC-X (genaue Bezeichnung McDonnell Douglas DC-X) war ein verkleinerter, unbemannter Prototyp einer einstufigen, wiederverwendbaren Trägerrakete, gebaut von McDonnell Douglas im Auftrag der NASA, des US-Verteidigungsministeriums und der Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO). Das Fluggerät wurde von vier RL-10A5-Triebwerken angetrieben, die von den Triebwerken der Centaur-Oberstufe abgeleitet waren. Treibstoffe waren flüssiger Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff. (de) Delta Clipper o Delta Clipper Experimental, era el desarrollo final de un cohete, con el prototipo inicial llamado DC-X, posteriormente modificado y denominado DC-XA. Fue un prototipo experimental a escala de un tercio para el desarrollo final de un cohete de una sola etapa (SSTO) capaz de despegar y aterrizar en vertical de la compañía McDonnel Douglas para el gobierno de Estados Unidos desarrollado desde 1990 hasta 1996. El DC-X voló por primera vez el 18 de agosto de 1993 y fue el primer vehículo suborbital en lograr aterrizar en vertical. (es) Il McDonnell Douglas DC-X, conosciuto anche come Delta Clipper-Experimental (DCX), costruito dalla McDonnell Douglas negli stabilimenti di Huntington Beach tra il 1991 e il 1993,doveva essere il modello in scala 1:3 di un razzo vettore riutilizzabile a unico stadio sviluppato dalla NASA e dal Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO). Nell'agosto del 1993 effettua il suo primo volo e ne completa tre quando la SDIO decide di interrompere il programma. * MDT - fuso orario degli Stati Uniti Centrali * AOA - Angle of Attack (angolo d'attacco) (it) |
| rdfs:label | Delta Clipper (de) Delta Clipper (es) McDonnell Douglas DC-X (fr) McDonnell Douglas DC-X (in) McDonnell Douglas DC-X (it) DC-X (ja) McDonnell Douglas DC-X (en) McDonnell Douglas DC-X (pt) |
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