Trimethylolethane trinitrate (original) (raw)
Le trinitrate de triméthyloléthane (TMETN), ou trinitrate de métriol, est un composé chimique de formule CH3C(CH2ONO2)3. C'est un explosif semblable à la nitroglycérine HC(CH2ONO2)3, mais thermiquement plus stable. Il se présente sous la forme d'un liquide huileux inodore et incolore à brun clair. Il est utilisé comme plastifiant dans certains monergols solides et poudres sans fumée.
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| dbo:abstract | Le trinitrate de triméthyloléthane (TMETN), ou trinitrate de métriol, est un composé chimique de formule CH3C(CH2ONO2)3. C'est un explosif semblable à la nitroglycérine HC(CH2ONO2)3, mais thermiquement plus stable. Il se présente sous la forme d'un liquide huileux inodore et incolore à brun clair. Il est utilisé comme plastifiant dans certains monergols solides et poudres sans fumée. Il a été préparé et breveté initialement en Italie sous le nom de metriolo. Il a été produit en Allemagne avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale lorsqu'il a été établi qu'il permettait de stabiliser la combustion des poudres sans fumée. On le produit par nitration du triméthyloléthane CH3C(CH2OH)3. L'explosion du trinitrate de triméthyloléthane peut être déclenchée par friction, par choc et par décharge électrostatique. Il est miscible dans l'éther diéthylique CH3CH2OCH2CH3 et l'acétone CH3OCH3, mais insoluble dans l'acide sulfurique H2SO4 à 95 %. Il peut être utilisé comme plastifiant avec le dinitrate de triéthylène glycol O2NOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2ONO2 ou en remplacement de ce dernier, mais est rarement utilisé comme plastifiant-liant rapide avec la nitrocellulose. (fr) Trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN), also known as metriol trinitrate (METN, MTN, METRTN) or nitropentaglycerin, is a nitrate ester. It is a high explosive similar to nitroglycerin. It is a transparent oily liquid, colorless to light brown. It is odorless. It is used in some solid propellants and smokeless powders as a plasticizer. Its chemical formula is CH3−C(CH2−O−NO2)3. TMETN was first prepared and patented in Italy under name Metriolo. Germans began producing it before World War II, when it was demonstrated to be an erosion and flash-reducing agent in smokeless powders. It is a liquid explosive with properties similar to nitroglycerin, but more stable to heat. It is prepared by nitration of trimethylolethane (metriol). It does not induce headaches. TMETN can be initiated by friction, impact, and electrostatic discharge. It can be used as a high-viscosity plasticizer-binder together with nitrocellulose, but its poor colloidal properties has made such use rare. Long-term milling can however assist here; success can also be achieved by adding an inert plasticizer and a volatile solvent/colloidal agent. TMETN is miscible with ether and acetone. It is insoluble in 95% sulfuric acid. It can be used as a plasticizer together with, or as an alternative to, triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN). It can also be used as a monopropellant; in fact triethylene glycol dinitrate, diethylene glycol dinitrate, and trimethyloleate trinitrate are being considered as replacements for nitroglycerin in propellants. (en) |
| dbo:alternativeName | TMETN; Metriol trinitrate; METN; Nitropentaglycerin; 1,1,1-trimethylolethane trinitrate (en) |
| dbo:iupacName | [2-methyl-3-nitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)propyl]nitrate (en) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Trimethylolethane_trinitrate.png?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.rocketmotorparts.com/pdfs/tmetn_msds.pdf |
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| dbo:wikiPageLength | 3872 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1117045183 (xsd:integer) |
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| dbp:imagefile | Trimethylolethane trinitrate.png (en) |
| dbp:imagesize | 150 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:iupacname | [2-methyl-3-nitrooxy-2-propyl] nitrate (en) |
| dbp:othernames | TMETN; Metriol trinitrate; METN; Nitropentaglycerin; 1,1,1-trimethylolethane trinitrate (en) |
| dbp:verifiedrevid | 428734596 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:watchedfields | changed (en) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Explosive_chemicals dbc:Liquid_explosives dbc:Nitrate_esters dbc:Plasticizers dbc:Monopropellants |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Ester |
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| rdfs:comment | Le trinitrate de triméthyloléthane (TMETN), ou trinitrate de métriol, est un composé chimique de formule CH3C(CH2ONO2)3. C'est un explosif semblable à la nitroglycérine HC(CH2ONO2)3, mais thermiquement plus stable. Il se présente sous la forme d'un liquide huileux inodore et incolore à brun clair. Il est utilisé comme plastifiant dans certains monergols solides et poudres sans fumée. (fr) Trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN), also known as metriol trinitrate (METN, MTN, METRTN) or nitropentaglycerin, is a nitrate ester. It is a high explosive similar to nitroglycerin. It is a transparent oily liquid, colorless to light brown. It is odorless. It is used in some solid propellants and smokeless powders as a plasticizer. Its chemical formula is CH3−C(CH2−O−NO2)3. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Trinitrate de triméthyloléthane (fr) Trimethylolethane trinitrate (en) |
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| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Trimethylolethane_trinitrate?oldid=1117045183&ns=0 |
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