| dbo:abstract |
The Ministry of Ceremonies (Chinese: 太常寺; pinyin: Tàicháng sì) was one of the nine ministries of the Chinese Han dynasty. The Minister of Ceremonies (Chinese: 太常; pinyin: Tàicháng), also known as Grand Master of Ceremonies, was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers, and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The role's title was changed to Upholder of Ceremonies (Chinese: 奉常; pinyin: Fèngcháng) from 195 to 144 BC before reverting to the original title. Although his main concern was to link the emperor with the supernatural world and Heaven, he was also given the task of setting educational standards for the Imperial University (est. 124 BC) and the academic chairs (Chinese: 博士; pinyin: bóshì) who specialized in the Five Classics, the canon of Confucianism. One of the Minister of Ceremonies' many subordinates was the Court Astronomer (Chinese: 太史令; pinyin: Tàishǐ lìng; also known as the Prefect Grand Astrologer), who made astronomical observations and drafted the annual lunisolar calendar. The Court Astronomer also upheld a literacy test of 9,000 characters for nominees aspiring to become subordinate officials for either the Minister Steward or Palace Assistant Imperial Clerk. These nominees were often recommended subordinates of commandery-level Administrators. Other subordinates of the Minister of Ceremonies reported illegal acts at ancestral temples, prepared sacrificial offerings of food and wine at shrines and temples, and arranged for the music and dancing that accompanied ceremonies. This would be the precursor to the Ministry of Rites during the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the State Administration for Religious Affairs in present-day China. (en) 태상(太常)은 중국의 관직명이다. (ko) 太常（たいじょう）は、中国の官名である。 (ja) 太常，中国古代官名，掌宗庙礼仪。原名奉常，汉景帝中元六年（前144）改太常；也有认为西汉初年名为太常，汉惠帝改为奉常，汉景帝时恢复旧称。新朝王莽改名秩宗。东汉再次恢复为太常。 太常的主要职责，一是主管祭祀社稷、宗庙和朝会、丧葬等礼仪。祭祀时充当主祭人皇帝的助手。二是主管皇帝的寝庙园陵及其所在的县。由太常管理的诸陵县，被合称为太常郡。太常每月要巡视诸帝陵墓一次。汉代因太常事重职尊，其位列于诸卿之首。西汉时多以列侯任该职。由于该官涉及宗庙和典礼，在其位者动辄见咎。从汉武帝到西汉末，太常因过错而削爵免官的达二十余人。太常之秩为中二千石，有丞，并有、太祝、太宰、太史、太卜、太医等十几个属官。东汉时省去十属官，任太常的人也不必为列侯，并多以名儒如桓荣、丁鸿等担任这一职务。另外，两汉时博士亦属太常。对博士和博士弟子的考核荐举，都由太常主持。所以太常又成为培养、拔擢通经学的官吏人才的一个重要机构（见太学）。 魏晋至明、清，历代太常职掌基本与汉同，改名为太常卿、太常寺卿（太常寺的主管长官）。唯属官博士及太乐、太史、太卜、太医，则先后分出，转属他司。太常遂成专掌祭祀、礼仪之官。 (zh) |
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太常寺 (en) 博士 (en) 太史令 (en) 太常 (en) 奉常 (en) |
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Court Astronomer (en) |
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Ministry of Ceremonies (en) |
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Fèngcháng (en) Tàicháng (en) Tàicháng sì (en) Tàishǐ lìng (en) bóshì (en) |
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태상(太常)은 중국의 관직명이다. (ko) 太常（たいじょう）は、中国の官名である。 (ja) 太常，中国古代官名，掌宗庙礼仪。原名奉常，汉景帝中元六年（前144）改太常；也有认为西汉初年名为太常，汉惠帝改为奉常，汉景帝时恢复旧称。新朝王莽改名秩宗。东汉再次恢复为太常。 太常的主要职责，一是主管祭祀社稷、宗庙和朝会、丧葬等礼仪。祭祀时充当主祭人皇帝的助手。二是主管皇帝的寝庙园陵及其所在的县。由太常管理的诸陵县，被合称为太常郡。太常每月要巡视诸帝陵墓一次。汉代因太常事重职尊，其位列于诸卿之首。西汉时多以列侯任该职。由于该官涉及宗庙和典礼，在其位者动辄见咎。从汉武帝到西汉末，太常因过错而削爵免官的达二十余人。太常之秩为中二千石，有丞，并有、太祝、太宰、太史、太卜、太医等十几个属官。东汉时省去十属官，任太常的人也不必为列侯，并多以名儒如桓荣、丁鸿等担任这一职务。另外，两汉时博士亦属太常。对博士和博士弟子的考核荐举，都由太常主持。所以太常又成为培养、拔擢通经学的官吏人才的一个重要机构（见太学）。 魏晋至明、清，历代太常职掌基本与汉同，改名为太常卿、太常寺卿（太常寺的主管长官）。唯属官博士及太乐、太史、太卜、太医，则先后分出，转属他司。太常遂成专掌祭祀、礼仪之官。 (zh) The Ministry of Ceremonies (Chinese: 太常寺; pinyin: Tàicháng sì) was one of the nine ministries of the Chinese Han dynasty. The Minister of Ceremonies (Chinese: 太常; pinyin: Tàicháng), also known as Grand Master of Ceremonies, was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers, and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The role's title was changed to Upholder of Ceremonies (Chinese: 奉常; pinyin: Fèngcháng) from 195 to 144 BC before reverting to the original title. Although his main concern was to link the emperor with the supernatural world and Heaven, he was also given the task of setting educational standards for the Imperial University (est. 124 BC) and the academic chairs (Chinese: 博士; pinyin: bóshì) who specialized in the Five Classics, the canon of Confucian (en) |
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太常 (ja) Ministry of Ceremonies (China) (en) 태상 (관직) (ko) 太常 (zh) |
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