Mithras Liturgy (original) (raw)

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The "Mithras Liturgy" is a text from the Great Magical Papyrus of Paris, part of the Greek Magical Papyri, numbered PGM IV.475-834. The modern name by which the text is known originated in 1903 with Albrecht Dieterich, its first translator, based on the invocation of Helios Mithras (Ἥλιοϲ Μίθραϲ) as the god who will provide the initiate with a revelation of immortality. The text is generally considered a product of the religious syncretism characteristic of the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial era, as were the Mithraic mysteries themselves. Some scholars have argued that it has no direct connection to particular Mithraic ritual. Others consider it an authentic reflection of Mithraic liturgy, or view it as Mithraic material reworked for the syncretic tradition of magic and esotericism.

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dbo:abstract The "Mithras Liturgy" is a text from the Great Magical Papyrus of Paris, part of the Greek Magical Papyri, numbered PGM IV.475-834. The modern name by which the text is known originated in 1903 with Albrecht Dieterich, its first translator, based on the invocation of Helios Mithras (Ἥλιοϲ Μίθραϲ) as the god who will provide the initiate with a revelation of immortality. The text is generally considered a product of the religious syncretism characteristic of the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial era, as were the Mithraic mysteries themselves. Some scholars have argued that it has no direct connection to particular Mithraic ritual. Others consider it an authentic reflection of Mithraic liturgy, or view it as Mithraic material reworked for the syncretic tradition of magic and esotericism. The codex containing the text was acquired by the Bibliothèque Nationale in 1857. It is thought to date to the early 4th century AD, though Dieterich proposed a date of composition as early as 100–150 AD. Its likely provenance in Egypt, where evidence of Mithraic cult is rare, presents a major obstacle to regarding it an authentic liturgy. (en) 〈미트라 전례서(Mithras Liturgy)〉는 《그리스 마법 파피루스》라는 파피루스 컬렉션에 속한 《대마법서》라고도 불리는 코덱스 속에 들어있는 일련의 텍스트에 대해 붙여진 이름이다. 이 코덱스의 번호명은 PGM IV이며 〈미트라 전례서〉는 이 코덱스의 475~834행에 해당한다. 이 텍스트는 최초 번역자인 알브레흐트 디테리히(Albrecht Dieterich)에 의해 "미트라 전례서"라고 명명되었는데, 그 이유는 이 텍스트 속에서 부르고 있는 신의 이름들 중 하나가 "헬리오스 미트라(Ἥλιοϲ Μίθραϲ)"이기 때문이다. 그러나 "미트라 전례서"라는 이름과는 달리, 이 텍스트는 혼합주의의 산물로 미트라교와는 아무런 관련이 없다는 것이 현시대의 학자들의 일반적인 견해이다. 1857년에 프랑스 국립도서관에서 〈미트라 전례서〉를 포함하고 있는 코덱스를 취득하였으며, 이 코덱스에 부여된 도서 번호는 "Paris Bibliothèque Nationale Suppl. gr. 574 (파리의 프랑스 국립도서관 Suppl. gr. 574)"이다. 이 코덱스의 연대는 기원후 4세기 초로 추정되고 있다. 최초 편집자인 알브레흐트 디테리히는 〈미트라 전례서〉가 작성된 원래 연대를 기원후 100~150년으로 추정하고 있다. (ko) De Mithrasliturgie is een religieus-magische tekst uit Egypte, vroege 4e eeuw. Het soort magie is theürgie, het op magische wijze proberen te manipuleren van de goden om dichter bij het hoogst goddelijke te komen. De tekst is overgeleverd als deel van de Griekse magische papyri, meer bepaald de Koptisch- Griekstalige codex IV, regels 475 tot 834. De bewerker, een magiër, van de tekst heeft zich gebaseerd op minstens twee oudere teksten, die mogelijk uit de 2e eeuw stammen. Ook heeft hij andere bronnen benut voor het invoegen van magische spreuken. De relatief lange tekst had een praktisch en geen theoretisch doel. Er staat in hoe de magiër via de hemelsferen zou kunnen opstijgen tot de hoogste sfeer, die van de lichtgod Mithras. Het kosmologische model dat hieraan ten grondslag ligt, is niet dat van de zeven planeetsferen, maar kent een driedeling: 1. * de materiële, aardse sfeer, 2. * de etherische, kosmische sfeer, en 3. * de noëtische of bovenkosmische sfeer. Dit model is vermoedelijk platonisch in oorsprong. De eerste sfeer wordt begrensd door de maan (Selene, Hecate). In de tweede sfeer ontmoet de magiër de winden en de zeven klassieke planeten (voorgesteld als goden). Die sfeer wordt begrensd door de zon (Helios). Dan krijgt de magiër toestemming om verder te reizen naar de derde sfeer, die van de noëtische zon, namelijk Mithras. De reden dat de maan niet om toestemming wordt gevraagd, zoals in andere magische teksten, is vermoedelijk omdat auteur de maan als negatief beschouwde, omdat de maan demonen en het noodlot vasthoudt op aarde. Daarom moet het magische ritueel volgens de auteur plaatsvinden wanneer de maan niet aan de hemel staat, dus voor de nieuwe maan. (nl)
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rdfs:comment The "Mithras Liturgy" is a text from the Great Magical Papyrus of Paris, part of the Greek Magical Papyri, numbered PGM IV.475-834. The modern name by which the text is known originated in 1903 with Albrecht Dieterich, its first translator, based on the invocation of Helios Mithras (Ἥλιοϲ Μίθραϲ) as the god who will provide the initiate with a revelation of immortality. The text is generally considered a product of the religious syncretism characteristic of the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial era, as were the Mithraic mysteries themselves. Some scholars have argued that it has no direct connection to particular Mithraic ritual. Others consider it an authentic reflection of Mithraic liturgy, or view it as Mithraic material reworked for the syncretic tradition of magic and esotericism. (en) 〈미트라 전례서(Mithras Liturgy)〉는 《그리스 마법 파피루스》라는 파피루스 컬렉션에 속한 《대마법서》라고도 불리는 코덱스 속에 들어있는 일련의 텍스트에 대해 붙여진 이름이다. 이 코덱스의 번호명은 PGM IV이며 〈미트라 전례서〉는 이 코덱스의 475~834행에 해당한다. 이 텍스트는 최초 번역자인 알브레흐트 디테리히(Albrecht Dieterich)에 의해 "미트라 전례서"라고 명명되었는데, 그 이유는 이 텍스트 속에서 부르고 있는 신의 이름들 중 하나가 "헬리오스 미트라(Ἥλιοϲ Μίθραϲ)"이기 때문이다. 그러나 "미트라 전례서"라는 이름과는 달리, 이 텍스트는 혼합주의의 산물로 미트라교와는 아무런 관련이 없다는 것이 현시대의 학자들의 일반적인 견해이다. (ko) De Mithrasliturgie is een religieus-magische tekst uit Egypte, vroege 4e eeuw. Het soort magie is theürgie, het op magische wijze proberen te manipuleren van de goden om dichter bij het hoogst goddelijke te komen. De tekst is overgeleverd als deel van de Griekse magische papyri, meer bepaald de Koptisch- Griekstalige codex IV, regels 475 tot 834. De bewerker, een magiër, van de tekst heeft zich gebaseerd op minstens twee oudere teksten, die mogelijk uit de 2e eeuw stammen. Ook heeft hij andere bronnen benut voor het invoegen van magische spreuken. De relatief lange tekst had een praktisch en geen theoretisch doel. (nl)
rdfs:label 미트라 전례서 (ko) Mithras Liturgy (en) Mithrasliturgie (nl)
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