Molten carbonate fuel cell (original) (raw)
Die Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzelle (engl. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, MCFC) ist eine Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle, die bei einer Betriebstemperatur zwischen 580 °C und 675 °C arbeitet. Als Elektrolyt verwendet dieser Zellentyp eine Alkalicarbonat-Mischschmelze aus Lithium- und Kaliumcarbonat.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | Die Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzelle (engl. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, MCFC) ist eine Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle, die bei einer Betriebstemperatur zwischen 580 °C und 675 °C arbeitet. Als Elektrolyt verwendet dieser Zellentyp eine Alkalicarbonat-Mischschmelze aus Lithium- und Kaliumcarbonat. (de) Molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) are high-temperature fuel cells that operate at temperatures of 600 °C and above. Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) were developed for natural gas, biogas (produced as a result of anaerobic digestion or biomass gasification), and coal-based power plants for electrical utility, industrial, and military applications. MCFCs are high-temperature fuel cells that use an electrolyte composed of a molten carbonate salt mixture suspended in a porous, chemically inert ceramic matrix of beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE). Since they operate at extremely high temperatures of 650 °C (roughly 1,200 °F) and above, non-precious metals can be used as catalysts at the anode and cathode, reducing costs. Improved efficiency is another reason MCFCs offer significant cost reductions over phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs). Molten carbonate fuel cells can reach efficiencies approaching 60%, considerably higher than the 37–42% efficiencies of a phosphoric acid fuel cell plant. When the waste heat is captured and used, overall fuel efficiencies can be as high as 85%. Unlike alkaline, phosphoric acid, and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, MCFCs don't require an external reformer to convert more energy-dense fuels to hydrogen. Due to the high temperatures at which MCFCs operate, these fuels are converted to hydrogen within the fuel cell itself by a process called internal reforming, which also reduces cost. Molten carbonate fuel cells are not prone to poisoning by carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide — they can even use carbon oxides as fuel — making them more attractive for fueling with gases made from coal. Because they are more resistant to impurities than other fuel cell types, scientists believe that they could even be capable of internal reforming of coal, assuming they can be made resistant to impurities such as sulfur and particulates that result from converting coal, a dirtier fossil fuel source than many others, into hydrogen. Alternatively, because MCFCs require CO2 be delivered to the cathode along with the oxidizer, they can be used to electrochemically separate carbon dioxide from the flue gas of other fossil fuel power plants for sequestration. The primary disadvantage of current MCFC technology is durability. The high temperatures at which these cells operate and the corrosive electrolyte used accelerate component breakdown and corrosion, decreasing cell life. Scientists are currently exploring corrosion-resistant materials for components as well as fuel cell designs that increase cell life without decreasing performance. (en) Les piles à combustible à carbonate fondu, ou MCFC (d'après l'acronyme de l'appellation anglaise Molten-carbonate fuel cell) sont des piles à combustible fonctionnant à des températures à partir de 600 °C. Elles démontrent les plus grandes efficacités parmi tous les types de piles à combustible (y compris celles à oxyde solide, à membrane d'échange de protons et à acide phosphorique), et ne sont pas sujettes aux problèmes de matériaux à haute température qui affectent la technologie des piles à combustible à oxyde solide. (fr) La cella a combustibile a carbonati fusi (MCFC) è una cella a combustibile ad alta temperatura, che opera a temperature di oltre 600 °C. Le celle a combustibile a carbonati fusi (MCFC) sono attualmente in fase di sviluppo per l'utilizzo in centrali elettriche a gas naturale e a carbone, per l'energia elettrica pubblica, per applicazioni a livello industriale e militare. Le MCFC usano un elettrolito composto da sali di carbonati fusi sospesi in una matrice, la quale è chimicamente inerte, porosa e realizzata in ceramica di BASE (Beta-alumina solid electrolyte). Data l'alta temperatura di esercizio di 650 °C (circa 1,200 °F) e oltre, i metalli non preziosi possono essere impiegati come catalizzatori all'anodo e al catodo riducendo i costi. Un altro motivo della riduzione dei costi è la maggiore efficienza delle MCFC rispetto alle PAFC. Le MCFC posso raggiungere un'efficienza del 60%, un valore considerevolmente più alto rispetto al 37%-42% degli impianti che impiegano celle a combustibile ad acido fosforico. Con l'impiego in cogenerazione dell'energia termica di scarto si può arrivare ad un'efficienza generale dell'85%. A differenza dell'alcalino, acido fosforico, e delle membrane polimeriche delle celle a combustibile, le MCFC non necessitano un riformatore esterno per convertire i combustibili elettricamente più densi in idrogeno. A causa delle alte temperature d'esercizio delle MCFC, i combustibili vengono convertiti in idrogeno all'interno della cella stessa grazie al processo di reforming interno. Le MCFC non sono inclini ad essere inibite o avvelenate (Le sostanze che riducono l'azione dei catalizzatori sono chiamate inibitori del catalizzatore se l'azione è reversibile, e veleni del catalizzatore se irreversibile) da monossido di carbonio o diossido di carbonio — posso addirittura utilizzare gli ossidi di carbonio come combustibile— rendendoli più attraenti per l'alimentazione con gas derivati dal carbone. Dato che sono molto più resistenti alle impurità rispetto ad altre celle a combustibile, gli scienziati credono che sia possibile il reforming interno del carbone, assumendo che possano essere costruite per resistere alle impurità come lo zolfo e il particolato risultante dalla conversione del carbone. Lo svantaggio primario della corrente tecnologia delle MCFC è la durata della cella. L'alte temperature a cui operano queste celle e l'elettrolito corrosivo utilizzato per accelerare la ripartizione e la corrosione dei componenti, diminuiscono la durata della cella. Gli scienziati stanno attualmente sperimentando l'impiego di materiali resistenti alla corrosione nonché nuovi design strutturali per compensare questo difetto senza ridurre la performance. (it) Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) is een brandstofcel werkend met gesmolten carbonaat (CO32−) als elektrolyt. Dit type brandstofcel wordt vooral gebruikt in grote industriële applicaties en consumeren aardgas of biogas als brandstof. (nl) 溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池（ようゆうたんさんえんがたねんりょうでんち、英: Molten-carbonate fuel cells, MCFC）とは、600 ℃以上の高温で融解させた炭酸塩を電解質として用いる型式の燃料電池である。 (ja) Ogniwo paliwowe ze stopionym węglanem (MCFC, z ang. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) – rodzaj wysokotemperaturowego ogniwa paliwowego, pracującego przy t=600 °C i wyżej. Ogniwa te powstały w latach sześćdziesiątych XX w. i były bardzo drogie ze względu na elektrody wykonane z metali szlachetnych. W latach siedemdziesiątych XX w. elektrody zaczęto wykonywać z niklu (Ni) i jego tlenku (NiO) oraz chromu (Cr). Dzięki temu udało się obniżyć nie tylko cenę, ale i zwiększyć moc z 10 mW/cm2 do 150 mW/cm2. Czołowym wytwórcą ogniw MCFC w Stanach Zjednoczonych jest firma FuelCell Energy. (pl) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Fcell_diagram_molten_carbonate.gif?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://web.archive.org/web/20060927032111/http:/www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/fuelcells/fc_types.html%23molten https://web.archive.org/web/20070630191203/http:/dodfuelcell.cecer.army.mil/molten.html https://web.archive.org/web/20080309072502/http:/www.fuelcellseminar.com/pdf/Direct_Carbon_Fuel_Cell_Workshop/Cooper_John.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20090825235248/http:/www.loganenergy.eu/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130203180025/http:/www.fuelcellenergy.com/files/FCE%20WhitePaper%20040308_2.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20130320001652/http:/live.pege.org/2006-hannover/gas-biogas-fuel-cell.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20170207143656/https:/netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/05/carbon-seq/Tech%20Session%20Paper%20173.pdf |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 1049637 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageInterLanguageLink | dbpedia-ko:연료전지 |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 14350 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1119767808 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Carbon_dioxide dbr:Carbon_monoxide dbr:Catalyst dbr:Electrolyte dbr:Base_(chemistry) dbc:Fuel_cells dbr:Anode dbr:Hydrogen dbr:Beta-alumina_solid_electrolyte dbr:Intercalation_(chemistry) dbr:Anaerobic_digestion dbr:Fuel_cell dbr:Creep_(deformation) dbr:MTU_Friedrichshafen dbr:Phosphoric_acid_fuel_cell dbr:Alkaline dbr:Biomass_gasification dbr:Fossil_fuel dbr:Glossary_of_fuel_cell_terms dbr:Natural_gas dbr:Hydrogen_technologies dbr:Biogas dbr:Coal dbr:Coal_gasification dbr:Cogeneration dbr:Polymer dbr:Metal dbr:Military dbr:Operating_temperature dbr:Cathode dbr:Sintering dbr:Waste_heat dbr:Porosity dbr:Lithium_metatitanate dbr:Steam_turbine dbr:Electrical_utility dbr:Hannover_Fair dbr:Power_plant dbr:File:Fcell_diagram_molten_carbonate.gif |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Dubious dbt:Portal dbt:Reflist dbt:Fuel_cells |
| dct:subject | dbc:Fuel_cells |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Cells |
| rdf:type | dbo:AnatomicalStructure yago:Artifact100021939 yago:Cell102991048 yago:Device103183080 yago:ElectricalDevice103269401 yago:FuelCell103400798 yago:Instrumentality103575240 yago:Object100002684 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:WikicatFuelCells yago:Whole100003553 |
| rdfs:comment | Die Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzelle (engl. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, MCFC) ist eine Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle, die bei einer Betriebstemperatur zwischen 580 °C und 675 °C arbeitet. Als Elektrolyt verwendet dieser Zellentyp eine Alkalicarbonat-Mischschmelze aus Lithium- und Kaliumcarbonat. (de) Les piles à combustible à carbonate fondu, ou MCFC (d'après l'acronyme de l'appellation anglaise Molten-carbonate fuel cell) sont des piles à combustible fonctionnant à des températures à partir de 600 °C. Elles démontrent les plus grandes efficacités parmi tous les types de piles à combustible (y compris celles à oxyde solide, à membrane d'échange de protons et à acide phosphorique), et ne sont pas sujettes aux problèmes de matériaux à haute température qui affectent la technologie des piles à combustible à oxyde solide. (fr) Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) is een brandstofcel werkend met gesmolten carbonaat (CO32−) als elektrolyt. Dit type brandstofcel wordt vooral gebruikt in grote industriële applicaties en consumeren aardgas of biogas als brandstof. (nl) 溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池（ようゆうたんさんえんがたねんりょうでんち、英: Molten-carbonate fuel cells, MCFC）とは、600 ℃以上の高温で融解させた炭酸塩を電解質として用いる型式の燃料電池である。 (ja) Ogniwo paliwowe ze stopionym węglanem (MCFC, z ang. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) – rodzaj wysokotemperaturowego ogniwa paliwowego, pracującego przy t=600 °C i wyżej. Ogniwa te powstały w latach sześćdziesiątych XX w. i były bardzo drogie ze względu na elektrody wykonane z metali szlachetnych. W latach siedemdziesiątych XX w. elektrody zaczęto wykonywać z niklu (Ni) i jego tlenku (NiO) oraz chromu (Cr). Dzięki temu udało się obniżyć nie tylko cenę, ale i zwiększyć moc z 10 mW/cm2 do 150 mW/cm2. Czołowym wytwórcą ogniw MCFC w Stanach Zjednoczonych jest firma FuelCell Energy. (pl) Molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) are high-temperature fuel cells that operate at temperatures of 600 °C and above. Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) were developed for natural gas, biogas (produced as a result of anaerobic digestion or biomass gasification), and coal-based power plants for electrical utility, industrial, and military applications. MCFCs are high-temperature fuel cells that use an electrolyte composed of a molten carbonate salt mixture suspended in a porous, chemically inert ceramic matrix of beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE). Since they operate at extremely high temperatures of 650 °C (roughly 1,200 °F) and above, non-precious metals can be used as catalysts at the anode and cathode, reducing costs. (en) La cella a combustibile a carbonati fusi (MCFC) è una cella a combustibile ad alta temperatura, che opera a temperature di oltre 600 °C. Le celle a combustibile a carbonati fusi (MCFC) sono attualmente in fase di sviluppo per l'utilizzo in centrali elettriche a gas naturale e a carbone, per l'energia elettrica pubblica, per applicazioni a livello industriale e militare. Le MCFC usano un elettrolito composto da sali di carbonati fusi sospesi in una matrice, la quale è chimicamente inerte, porosa e realizzata in ceramica di BASE (Beta-alumina solid electrolyte). Data l'alta temperatura di esercizio di 650 °C (circa 1,200 °F) e oltre, i metalli non preziosi possono essere impiegati come catalizzatori all'anodo e al catodo riducendo i costi. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzelle (de) Pile à combustible à carbonate fondu (fr) Cella a combustibile a carbonati fusi (it) Molten carbonate fuel cell (en) 溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池 (ja) Molten carbonate fuel cell (nl) Ogniwo paliwowe ze stopionym węglanem (pl) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Molten carbonate fuel cell yago-res:Molten carbonate fuel cell wikidata:Molten carbonate fuel cell dbpedia-de:Molten carbonate fuel cell dbpedia-fi:Molten carbonate fuel cell dbpedia-fr:Molten carbonate fuel cell dbpedia-it:Molten carbonate fuel cell dbpedia-ja:Molten carbonate fuel cell dbpedia-nl:Molten carbonate fuel cell dbpedia-pl:Molten carbonate fuel cell dbpedia-ro:Molten carbonate fuel cell dbpedia-tr:Molten carbonate fuel cell https://global.dbpedia.org/id/53mGe |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Molten_carbonate_fuel_cell?oldid=1119767808&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Fcell_diagram_molten_carbonate.gif |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Molten_carbonate_fuel_cell |
| is dbo:product of | dbr:MTU_Friedrichshafen |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:MCFC |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Molten_Carbonate_Fuel_Cell dbr:Molten-carbonate_fuel_cell dbr:Molten-carbonate_fuel_cells |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Lithium_titanate dbr:Power-to-weight_ratio dbr:FuelCell_Energy dbr:Fuel_cell dbr:Bernard_S._Baker dbr:MTU_Friedrichshafen dbr:Combined_cycle_power_plant dbr:Fuel_cell_vehicle dbr:Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell dbr:Protonic_ceramic_fuel_cell dbr:Magnetohydrodynamic_generator dbr:USNS_Vindicator_(T-AGOS-3) dbr:Distributed_generation dbr:Direct_carbon_fuel_cell dbr:Steam_reforming dbr:Hydrogen_technologies dbr:Coal_gasification dbr:Molten_Carbonate_Fuel_Cell dbr:MCFC dbr:Micro_combined_heat_and_power dbr:Tape_casting dbr:Molten-carbonate_fuel_cell dbr:Molten-carbonate_fuel_cells |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Molten_carbonate_fuel_cell |
