Montreal Campaign (original) (raw)
- كانت حملة مونتريال، وتعرف أيضًا بسقوط مونتريال، اعتداءً ثلاثي الشعب على مونتريال، والذي حدث بين الثاني والثامن من سبتمبر من عام 1760 خلال الحرب الفرنسية والهندية باعتباره جزءًا من حرب السنوات السبع الدولية. قادت الحملة، التي أُثيرت ضد جيش فرنسي مَفُوقٍ في العديد والعتاد، إلى استسلام مونتريال واحتلالها، وهي أكبر مدينة متبقية في كندا الفرنسية. تحت الإشراف العام لجيفري أمهيرست، احتشدت القوات البريطانية التي بلغ عددها نحو 18.000 رجل في مونتريال بدءًا من يوليو من ثلاثة اتجاهات مختلفة. دخل واحد منها بقيادة أمهيرست من بحيرة أونتاريو، وجاء الثاني بقيادة جيمس موراي من كيبيك، وجاء الثالث بقيادة ويليام هافيلاند من فورت كراون بوينت. بعد الاستيلاء على المواقع والمراكز العسكرية على طول الطريق، التقت القوات الثلاثة وحاصرت مونتريال. هجر الكثير من الكنديين أسلحتهم أو سلموها للقوات البريطانية في حين بدأ حلفاء فرنسا من السكان الأصليين بالمفاوضة على معاهدات السلام والتحالفات مع البريطانيين. كان قائد الجيش الفرنسي في المنطقة، فرانسوا غاستون دو ليفيس، عازمًا على اتخاذ موقف أخير في المدينة على الرغم من النقص العددي الساحق لقواته. ومع ذلك، حُكم ضده من قِبل بيير فرانسوا دي ريغو، ماركيز فودروي كافانيال، الحاكم المدني لكندا الفرنسية الذي أقنعه بالاستسلام. حاول ليفيس المفاوضة من أجل استسلام مع الاحتفاظ بشرف الحرب، لكن البريطانيين رفضوا هذه الشروط ووافقت السلطات الفرنسية في نهاية الأمر على الاستسلام غير المشروط في الثامن من سبتمبر. أتمّ هذا الاستيلاء البريطاني على فرنسا الجديدة على نحو فعال. (ar)
- The Montreal Campaign, also known as the Fall of Montreal, was a British three-pronged offensive against Montreal which took place from July 2 to 8 September 1760 during the French and Indian War as part of the global Seven Years' War. The campaign, pitted against an outnumbered and outsupplied French army, led to the capitulation and occupation of Montreal, the largest remaining city in French Canada. Under the overall direction of Jeffery Amherst, British forces numbering around 18,000 men converged on Montreal starting in July from three separate directions. One under Amherst moved in from Lake Ontario, the other under James Murray moved from Québec and the third under William Haviland moved from Fort Crown Point. After capturing French positions and outposts along the way all three forces met up and surrounded Montreal. Many Canadiens deserted or surrendered their arms to British forces while the native allies of the French began to negotiate peace treaties and alliances with the British. The French military commander in the region, Francis de Gaston, Chevalier de Lévis, was resolved to make a last stand in the city despite the overwhelming numerical inferiority of his troops. He was however overruled by Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, the civilian Governor of French Canada who persuaded him to surrender. Lévis attempted to negotiate a surrender with the honours of war, but the British rejected such terms and the French authorities eventually agreed to an unconditional surrender on 8 September. This effectively completed the British capture of New France. (en)
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- كانت حملة مونتريال، وتعرف أيضًا بسقوط مونتريال، اعتداءً ثلاثي الشعب على مونتريال، والذي حدث بين الثاني والثامن من سبتمبر من عام 1760 خلال الحرب الفرنسية والهندية باعتباره جزءًا من حرب السنوات السبع الدولية. قادت الحملة، التي أُثيرت ضد جيش فرنسي مَفُوقٍ في العديد والعتاد، إلى استسلام مونتريال واحتلالها، وهي أكبر مدينة متبقية في كندا الفرنسية. (ar)
- The Montreal Campaign, also known as the Fall of Montreal, was a British three-pronged offensive against Montreal which took place from July 2 to 8 September 1760 during the French and Indian War as part of the global Seven Years' War. The campaign, pitted against an outnumbered and outsupplied French army, led to the capitulation and occupation of Montreal, the largest remaining city in French Canada. (en)
- حملة مونتريال (ar)
- Montreal Campaign (en)
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