Sachem (original) (raw)

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El Sachem és el cap suprem entre la tribu indígena algonquina i altres tribus del Nord-est Americà. Segons el Capità John Smith, un conqueridor del segle xvii, que va explorar Anglaterra (1614) les tribus de Massachusetts van dir als seus reis “Sachems", mentre que els Penobscots (de Maine) van utilitzar “Sagamos”, que significa lord subordinat. I com que aquests dos mots són variants del mateix dialecte, es diu que signifiquen el mateix: lord o senyor subordinat.

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dbo:abstract El Sachem és el cap suprem entre la tribu indígena algonquina i altres tribus del Nord-est Americà. Segons el Capità John Smith, un conqueridor del segle xvii, que va explorar Anglaterra (1614) les tribus de Massachusetts van dir als seus reis “Sachems", mentre que els Penobscots (de Maine) van utilitzar “Sagamos”, que significa lord subordinat. I com que aquests dos mots són variants del mateix dialecte, es diu que signifiquen el mateix: lord o senyor subordinat. (ca) Sachem (Narragansett sachim) bezeichnet bei den algonkinsprachigen Indigenen Neuenglands den Anführer einer Dorfgemeinschaft oder auch „Häuptling“, wie ihn jede größere indianische Siedlung der Region hatte. Ins Englische und später auch ins Deutsche übernommen, wurde die Bezeichnung zudem auf die Irokesen übertragen, obwohl sie in deren Sprachen nicht üblich ist. Bei den nördlicheren Algonkin-Stämmen der Atlantikküste wurde diese Funktion als Sagamore bezeichnet. (de) Sachem o sagamore era el jefe supremo en las sociedades de los pueblos algonquinos o iroqueses. Ambas palabras son anglicismos de términos cognados de lenguas algonquinas orientales surgidos circa de 1622. Algunas fuentes indican que un sagamore tenía menor autoridad que un sachem. (es) Sachems /ˈseɪtʃəmz/ and sagamores /ˈsæɡəmɔːrz/ are paramount chiefs among the Algonquians or other Native American tribes of northeastern North America, including the Iroquois. The two words are anglicizations of cognate terms (c. 1622) from different Eastern Algonquian languages. The sagamore was a lesser chief elected by a single band, while the sachem was the head or representative elected by a tribe or group of bands. The positions are elective, not hereditary. (en) Chez les peuples amérindiens du nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord, le sachem, sagamore, sagamo ou encore saqamaw, désigne le chef suprême d'une tribu. Contrairement au titre de chef qui se base sur les compétences, le titre de sachem est héréditaire. Le terme « sachem » provient du narragansett tandis que le terme « sagamore » est issu de l'abénaqui. (fr) Il termine sachem - d'origine algonchina - fu impiegato da numerose tribù di nativi nordamericani delle aree del Nord-Est per indicare i loro capi. Questi erano eletti non in virtù di loro epiche imprese ma per meditata scelta operata all'interno di gruppi familiari tradizionalmente accreditati di capacità politiche e di convincimento, in grado quindi di dirimere le inevitabili controversie che spesso insorgono nelle strutture sociali di tipo tribale, al cui interno i diversi gruppi familiari e clanici, caratterizzati da una fortissima solidarietà interna. Per lo più i sachem si occupavano della distribuzione delle terre, della percezione degli eventuali tributi imposti a gruppi egemonizzati, a giudicare in funzione arbitrale le liti interne al gruppo, a ricevere gli eventuali ospiti e a ufficiare la liturgia delle cerimonie sacre, pur senza sostituire il wikaša wakan (lo sciamano, lett. "uomo sacro"). (it) Сахем, sachem, в литературе употребляется также искажённая форма сагамор, англ. sagamore — титул вождя, исторически существующий в ряде индейских племён, говорящих на алгонкинских языках, в США и Канаде. Как говорит один из источников: По мнению капитана Джона Смита из Джеймстауна, который исследовал Новую Англию в 1614 г., племя массачусетов называло своих правителей «сахемами», а из Мэна использовали титул «сагамо» или «сагамор». И напротив, вице-губернатор Томас Дадли из Роксбери в Массачусетсе писал в 1631 г., что правители племён Массачусетского залива назывались sagamore, а на юге, близ Плимута, их называли словом sachem. Два названия, очевидно, имеют общий корень. Хотя колонисты и историки иногда рассматривают титул sagamore как более низкий, согласно современной точке зрения, sachem и sagamore — диалектные варианты одного и того же слова. Ниже приведены диалектные варианты термина. 1. Происходящие от прото-восточно-алгонкинского sākimāw: * sâchim (язык наррагансетт) — источник английского слова sachem * sakəma — англизированная форма Sagamore * sakom (малесит-пассамакводди) * sôgmô 2. Происходящие от прото-центрально-алгонкинского hākimāw: * ogimaa (анишинаабе); пишется ogimà на алгонквинском языке, * gimaa (оттава), * wgema (потаватоми); англизированная форма Ogema. * uchimaa (кри)) * iiyuuchimaaw (наскапи) (ru)
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rdfs:comment El Sachem és el cap suprem entre la tribu indígena algonquina i altres tribus del Nord-est Americà. Segons el Capità John Smith, un conqueridor del segle xvii, que va explorar Anglaterra (1614) les tribus de Massachusetts van dir als seus reis “Sachems", mentre que els Penobscots (de Maine) van utilitzar “Sagamos”, que significa lord subordinat. I com que aquests dos mots són variants del mateix dialecte, es diu que signifiquen el mateix: lord o senyor subordinat. (ca) Sachem (Narragansett sachim) bezeichnet bei den algonkinsprachigen Indigenen Neuenglands den Anführer einer Dorfgemeinschaft oder auch „Häuptling“, wie ihn jede größere indianische Siedlung der Region hatte. Ins Englische und später auch ins Deutsche übernommen, wurde die Bezeichnung zudem auf die Irokesen übertragen, obwohl sie in deren Sprachen nicht üblich ist. Bei den nördlicheren Algonkin-Stämmen der Atlantikküste wurde diese Funktion als Sagamore bezeichnet. (de) Sachem o sagamore era el jefe supremo en las sociedades de los pueblos algonquinos o iroqueses. Ambas palabras son anglicismos de términos cognados de lenguas algonquinas orientales surgidos circa de 1622. Algunas fuentes indican que un sagamore tenía menor autoridad que un sachem. (es) Sachems /ˈseɪtʃəmz/ and sagamores /ˈsæɡəmɔːrz/ are paramount chiefs among the Algonquians or other Native American tribes of northeastern North America, including the Iroquois. The two words are anglicizations of cognate terms (c. 1622) from different Eastern Algonquian languages. The sagamore was a lesser chief elected by a single band, while the sachem was the head or representative elected by a tribe or group of bands. The positions are elective, not hereditary. (en) Chez les peuples amérindiens du nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord, le sachem, sagamore, sagamo ou encore saqamaw, désigne le chef suprême d'une tribu. Contrairement au titre de chef qui se base sur les compétences, le titre de sachem est héréditaire. Le terme « sachem » provient du narragansett tandis que le terme « sagamore » est issu de l'abénaqui. (fr) Il termine sachem - d'origine algonchina - fu impiegato da numerose tribù di nativi nordamericani delle aree del Nord-Est per indicare i loro capi. Questi erano eletti non in virtù di loro epiche imprese ma per meditata scelta operata all'interno di gruppi familiari tradizionalmente accreditati di capacità politiche e di convincimento, in grado quindi di dirimere le inevitabili controversie che spesso insorgono nelle strutture sociali di tipo tribale, al cui interno i diversi gruppi familiari e clanici, caratterizzati da una fortissima solidarietà interna. (it) Сахем, sachem, в литературе употребляется также искажённая форма сагамор, англ. sagamore — титул вождя, исторически существующий в ряде индейских племён, говорящих на алгонкинских языках, в США и Канаде. Как говорит один из источников: Ниже приведены диалектные варианты термина. 1. Происходящие от прото-восточно-алгонкинского sākimāw: * sâchim (язык наррагансетт) — источник английского слова sachem * sakəma — англизированная форма Sagamore * sakom (малесит-пассамакводди) * sôgmô 2. Происходящие от прото-центрально-алгонкинского hākimāw: (ru)
rdfs:label Sachem (en) Sachem (ca) Sachem (de) Sachem (es) Sachem (fr) Sachem (it) Сахем (ru)
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