Cultural impact of the Beatles (original) (raw)

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The English rock band the Beatles are commonly regarded as the foremost and most influential band in popular music history. With a line-up comprising John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they sparked the "Beatlemania" phenomenon in 1963, gained international superstardom in 1964, and remained active until their break-up in 1970. Over the latter half of the decade, they were often viewed as orchestrators of society's developments. Their recognition concerns their effect on the era's youth and counterculture, British identity, popular music's evolution into an art form, and their unprecedented following. Many cultural movements of the 1960s were assisted or inspired by the Beatles. In Britain, their rise to national prominence signalled the youth-driven changes in postwar society, with respect to social mobility, teenagers' commercial influence, and informality. They spearheaded the shift from American artists' global dominance of rock and roll to British acts (known in the US as the British Invasion) and inspired many young people to pursue music careers. From 1964 to 1970, the group had the top-selling US single one out of every six weeks, and the top-selling US album one out of every three weeks. In 1965, they were awarded MBEs, the first time such an honour was bestowed on a British pop act. A year later, Lennon controversially remarked that the band were "more popular than Jesus now". The Beatles often incorporated classical elements, traditional pop forms and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways, especially with the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967). Many of their advances in production, writing, and artistic presentation were soon widespread. Other cultural changes initiated by the group include the elevation of the album to become the dominant form of record consumption over singles, a wider interest in psychedelic drugs and Eastern spirituality, and several fashion trends. The band also pioneered with their record sleeves and music videos, as well as informed music styles such as jangle, folk rock, power pop, psychedelia, progressive rock and heavy metal. By the end of the decade, the group were seen as an embodiment of the era's sociocultural movements, exemplified by the sentiment of their 1967 song "All You Need Is Love". Over the 1960s as a whole, the Beatles were the dominant youth-centred pop act on the sales charts. They broke numerous sales and attendance records, many of which they have or had maintained for decades, and continue to enjoy a canonised status unprecedented for popular musicians. Their songs are among the most recorded in history, with cover versions of "Yesterday" exceeding thousands. As of 2009, they were the best-selling band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. Time included them in its list of the twentieth century's 100 most important people. (en)
De culturele impact van The Beatles was van betekenis in de 20e eeuw, op het gebied van muziek, mode en ideeën. The Beatles waren een Engelse rockband, opgericht in Liverpool in 1960. De band, bestaande uit John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison en Ringo Starr, wordt door velen gezien als de belangrijkste en meest invloedrijke muziekgroep van het rocktijdperk. Hun enorme populariteit begon in de vroege jaren '60 met 'Beatlemania', maar toen de muziek van de groep steeds geraffineerder werd – onder leiding van de primaire liedjesschrijvers Lennon en McCartney – begon de band een grote drijfveer te worden achter de evolutie van popmuziek tot een kunstvorm, en de ontwikkeling van de tegencultuur van de jaren '60. Het aanhoudende succes van de band bij publiek en critici hielp verschillende culturele bewegingen op gang. Britse artiesten namen de wereldwijde heerschappij van de rock-'n-roll over van de Amerikanen (Britse invasie), steeds meer jonge muzikanten in de jaren '60 richtten nieuwe bands op, albums werden populairder dan singles als manier om muziek te consumeren, en de term 'Beatlesque' werd gebruikt om vergelijkbare artiesten en verschillende modetrends te beschrijven. Toen de band op zijn populairst was, maakte Lennon de controversiële opmerking dat The Beatles 'populairder dan Jezus' waren geworden. The Beatles hadden nog steeds hun rivalen op het gebied van platenverkoop en artistieke prestige, met name The Beach Boys, Bob Dylan, en The Rolling Stones. Ook waren veel van hun muzikale experimenten al eerder door andere artiesten gedaan. Desondanks bracht niemand zoveel veranderingen teweeg in de gevestigde orde van de popmuziek als The Beatles of Dylan, die nieuwe mogelijkheden schiepen voor creatieve vooruitgang en daar uitzonderlijk goed gebruik van maakten. De innovaties van The Beatles droegen vooral bij aan de nieuwe psychedelische en progressieve muziek, en enkele van de ongebruikelijke productietechnieken van de band werden later conventies in het opnemen van muziek. In 2009 werd vastgesteld dat The Beatles de bestverkopende band in de geschiedenis waren, met een geschatte wereldwijde verkoop van 600 miljoen platen. In het Verenigd Koninkrijk had geen enkele andere artiest zoveel albums op nummer 1 in de hitlijsten (15 stuks) en verkocht niemand meer singles (21,9 miljoen). The Beatles werden in 2008 uitgeroepen tot de meest succesvolle artiesten in de geschiedenis van de Hot 100 van Billboard, in een uitgave ter ere van het 50-jarig jubileum van de Amerikaanse hitlijst. Sinds 2016 heeft de band het record voor het grootste aantal nummer 1-hits op de Billboard Hot 100: twintig. Ook is hun muziek talloze keren gecoverd door een groot scala aan artiesten, en is 'Yesterday' een van de meest gecoverde nummers uit de geschiedenis van de muziekopname. In 1999 werden The Beatles door het tijdschrift Time als groep opgenomen in een compilatie van de 100 meest invloedrijke mensen van de 20e eeuw. Volgens een onderzoek van AllMusic uit 2017 zijn The Beatles in hun database de meest genoemde inspiratiebron van andere artiesten. (nl)
영국의 록 밴드 비틀즈는 흔히 대중음악사에서 가장 앞장서고 또한 가장 영향력있었던 밴드로 평가된다. 존 레논, 폴 매카트니, 조지 해리슨, 링고 스타로 구성된 라인업으로써 비틀즈는 1963년 '비틀마니아' 광풍을 일으켜냈고 이듬해 1964년 전세계적인 스타덤을 획득하게 되었으며, 1970년 해산할 때까지 그 활동을 계속해왔다. 60년대 후반기의 비틀즈를 두고 당시 사회의 발전에 있어 오케스트레이터 역할을 수행하였다는 견해가 있다. 비틀즈에 대한 평판은 당시의 젊은이에 대한 영향력, 반문화, , 예술형식으로서의 대중음악의 발전, 미증유한 수준의 추종자들에 의해 성립된다. 1960년대의 많은 문화적 운동이 비틀즈의 지원을 받거나 혹은 영감을 얻었다. 비틀즈의 유명해짐으로 하여 영국의 전후는 젊은이가 리드하는 사회로 변화되었다. 예컨대 사회적 유동성에 대한 존중, 젊은이의 상업적 영향력, 간소한 차림 등이 대표적이다. 비틀즈는 아울러 미국의 로큰롤 전성기의 막을 내려버리고 영국의 음악인들을 그 자리에 대신 세웠을 뿐만 아니라(미국에서는 이를 가리켜 브리티시 인베이전이라 한다) 수많은 젊은이들이 음악으로 진출하게끔 이끌어주었다. 1964년에서 70년까지 비틀즈는 미국에서 6주에 한 번 꼴로 톱 히트한 싱글을, 3주에 한 번 꼴로 가장 많은 판매량을 기록한 앨범을 배출해냈다. 1965년 MBE를 표창하였으며, 영국의 대중음악인에게 이 영예가 부여되기는 처음 있는 일이었다. 이듬해 레논은 자신이 예수보다도 유명하다는 말로써 논란을 일으킨다. 비틀즈는 클래시컬한 음악의 요소와 전통대중음악의 형식과 혁신적인 방식으로서의 독특한 녹음기술을 통합해냈으며 이것이 두드러지는 앨범에는 《Rubber Soul》, 《Revolver》, 《Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band》이 있다. 이들이 보여준 제작방식, 작사방식, 예술적 표현방식은 곧 널리 퍼져나갔다. 이 밖에 비틀즈가 촉발시킨 문화적 변화에는 싱글을 압도하게끔 앨범 소비량을 촉진한 것과 과 동방 영성을 널리 알린 것, 여러 패션 트렌드가 있다. 비틀즈는 이 외에도 앨범 커버나 뮤직 비디오, 그리고 , 포크 록, 파워 팝, , 프로그레시브 록, 에 이르는 다종다양한 장르의 음악에 영향을 미쳤다. 60년대 말 비틀즈는 당대의 사회문화적 운동의 화신으로조차 평가되었으며, 그것의 정화로서 나타난 것이 1967년의 노래 〈All You Need Is Love〉이다. 1960년대 전반에 걸쳐 비틀즈는 젊은이가 좇는 대중음악인의 선봉장이었다. 비틀즈는 수많은 판매량, 관중수 기록을 갈아치웠으며, 그 기록은 수십년이 지난 날까지도 계속되어왔었다. 또한 비견될만한 것이 없는 대중음악계의 절대적 고전으로서 군림하고 있다. 비틀즈는 역사상 가장 많은 커버곡을 양산해낸 그룹으로서 이들의 노래 〈Yesterday〉는 . 2009년 역사상 가장 많은 음반을 판 밴드로서 기록되었으며, 그 판매량만 6억장에 달하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 《타임》지는 비틀즈를 에 이들을 포함시켰다. (ko)
Oltre a essere considerati importantissimi negli sviluppi della musica popolare, i Beatles hanno influito in modo significativo anche nella cultura di massa, dove sono stati citati (e talvolta parodiati) da altri musicisti e mass media. Di seguito sono elencati alcuni dei molti riferimenti al quartetto di Liverpool. Nella lista sono esclusi tutti i riferimenti che riguardano esclusivamente John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison e Ringo Starr. (it)

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"Tomorrow Never Knows" featured multiple tape loops overdubbed live onto a rhythm track, reversed sounds and extreme tape manipulation, thereby introducing into pop music techniques that were commonly used in the electronic genre. (en)
The introductory chord to "A Hard Day's Night" inspired much analysis and debate among music writers. (en)
Bob Dylan said of "I Want to Hold Your Hand": "They were doing things nobody was doing. Their chords were outrageous, just outrageous, and their harmonies made it all valid." (en)
The combination of Eastern and rock idioms in "Within You Without You" showcased the Beatles as forerunners in progressive rock with their concern for eclecticism, one of the genre's key attributes. (en)

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Beatlemania: Fans and media swarm the Beatles at Schiphol Airport, the Netherlands, June 1964. (en)

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Aankomst Beatles op Schiphol, de Beatles tijdens persconferentie, Bestanddeelnr 916-5133.jpg (en)
Aankomst Beatles op Schiphol, de Beatles op de vliegtuigtrap met aan hun voeten , Bestanddeelnr 916-5123.jpg (en)
Aankomst Beatles op Schiphol, overzicht drukte op Schiphol, Bestanddeelnr 916-5134.jpg (en)

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What about Billy Fury's The Sound of Fury and Jerry Lordan's All My Own Work ? (en)

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Oltre a essere considerati importantissimi negli sviluppi della musica popolare, i Beatles hanno influito in modo significativo anche nella cultura di massa, dove sono stati citati (e talvolta parodiati) da altri musicisti e mass media. Di seguito sono elencati alcuni dei molti riferimenti al quartetto di Liverpool. Nella lista sono esclusi tutti i riferimenti che riguardano esclusivamente John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison e Ringo Starr. (it)
The English rock band the Beatles are commonly regarded as the foremost and most influential band in popular music history. With a line-up comprising John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they sparked the "Beatlemania" phenomenon in 1963, gained international superstardom in 1964, and remained active until their break-up in 1970. Over the latter half of the decade, they were often viewed as orchestrators of society's developments. Their recognition concerns their effect on the era's youth and counterculture, British identity, popular music's evolution into an art form, and their unprecedented following. (en)
영국의 록 밴드 비틀즈는 흔히 대중음악사에서 가장 앞장서고 또한 가장 영향력있었던 밴드로 평가된다. 존 레논, 폴 매카트니, 조지 해리슨, 링고 스타로 구성된 라인업으로써 비틀즈는 1963년 '비틀마니아' 광풍을 일으켜냈고 이듬해 1964년 전세계적인 스타덤을 획득하게 되었으며, 1970년 해산할 때까지 그 활동을 계속해왔다. 60년대 후반기의 비틀즈를 두고 당시 사회의 발전에 있어 오케스트레이터 역할을 수행하였다는 견해가 있다. 비틀즈에 대한 평판은 당시의 젊은이에 대한 영향력, 반문화, , 예술형식으로서의 대중음악의 발전, 미증유한 수준의 추종자들에 의해 성립된다. (ko)
De culturele impact van The Beatles was van betekenis in de 20e eeuw, op het gebied van muziek, mode en ideeën. The Beatles waren een Engelse rockband, opgericht in Liverpool in 1960. De band, bestaande uit John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison en Ringo Starr, wordt door velen gezien als de belangrijkste en meest invloedrijke muziekgroep van het rocktijdperk. Hun enorme populariteit begon in de vroege jaren '60 met 'Beatlemania', maar toen de muziek van de groep steeds geraffineerder werd – onder leiding van de primaire liedjesschrijvers Lennon en McCartney – begon de band een grote drijfveer te worden achter de evolutie van popmuziek tot een kunstvorm, en de ontwikkeling van de tegencultuur van de jaren '60. (nl)

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Cultural impact of the Beatles (en)
I Beatles nella cultura di massa (it)
비틀즈의 문화적 영향 (ko)
Culturele impact van The Beatles (nl)

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